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Wu ZS, Ding W, Cai J, Bashir G, Li YQ, Wu S. Communication Of Cancer Cells And Lymphatic Vessels In Cancer: Focus On Bladder Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8161-8177. [PMID: 31632067 PMCID: PMC6781639 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s219111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide and causes the highest lifetime treatment costs per patient. Bladder cancer is most likely to metastasize through lymphatic ducts, and once the lymph nodes are involved, the prognosis is poorly and finitely improved by current modalities. The underlying metastatic mechanism for bladder cancer is thus becoming a research focus to date. To identify relevant published data, an online search of the PubMed/Medline archives was performed to locate original articles and review articles regarding lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in urinary bladder cancer (UBC), and was limited to articles in English published between 1998 and 2018. A further search of the clinical trials.gov search engine was conducted to identify both trials with results available and those with results not yet available. Herein, we summarized the unique mechanisms and biomarkers involved in the malignant progression of bladder cancer as well as their emerging roles in therapeutics, and that current data suggests that lymphangiogenesis and lymph node invasion are important prognostic factors for UBC. The growing knowledge about their roles in bladder cancers provides the basis for novel therapeutic strategies. In addition, more basic and clinical research needs to be conducted in order to identify further accurate predictive molecules and relevant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-song Wu
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wa Ding
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Cai
- Shenzhen following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan232001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ghassan Bashir
- Shenzhen following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-qing Li
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Wu
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan232001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Song Wu Department of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-18098928732 Email
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Wu Q, Tian Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Gu F, Lu Y, Zou S, Chen Y, Sun P, Xu M, Sun X, Xia C, Chi H, Ying Zhu A, Tang D, Wang D. Functions of pancreatic stellate cell-derived soluble factors in the microenvironment of pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102721-102738. [PMID: 29254283 PMCID: PMC5731993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer with poor prognosis because it is highly resistant to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy and it has a low rate of surgical resection eligibility. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) have become a research hotspot in recent years, and play a vital role in PDAC microenvironment by secreting soluble factors such as transforming growth factor β, interleukin-6, stromal cell-derived factor-1, hepatocyte growth factor and galectin-1. These PSC-derived cytokines and proteins contribute to PSC activation, participating in PDAC cell proliferation, migration, fibrosis, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and chemoradiation resistance, leading to malignant outcome. Consequently, targeting these cytokines and proteins or their downstream signaling pathways is promising for treating PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongpeng Zhang
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fengming Gu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yongdie Lu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Zou
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuji Chen
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pengxiang Sun
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mengyue Xu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xia
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chi
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - A Ying Zhu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
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Xiao L, Erb U, Zhao K, Hackert T, Zöller M. Efficacy of vaccination with tumor-exosome loaded dendritic cells combined with cytotoxic drug treatment in pancreatic cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1319044. [PMID: 28680753 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1319044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) has a dismal prognosis and adjuvant immunotherapy frequently is of low efficacy due to immunosuppressive features of PaCa and PaCa-stroma. We here explored, whether the efficacy of vaccination with tumor-exosome (TEX)-loaded dendritic cells (DC) can be improved by combining with drugs affecting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Experiments were performed with the UNKC6141 PaCa line. UNKC6141 TEX-loaded DC were weekly intravenously injected, mice additionally receiving Gemcitabine (GEM) and/or ATRA and/or Sunitinib (Sun). UNKC6141 grow aggressively after subcutaneous and orthotopic application and are consistently recovered in peripheral blood, bone marrow, lung and frequently liver. Vaccination with DC-TEX significantly prolonged the survival time, the efficacy of DC-TEX exceeding that of the cytotoxic drugs. However, ATRA, Sun and most efficiently GEM, sufficed for a pronounced reduction of MDSC including tumor-infiltrating MDSC, which was accompanied by a decrease in migrating and metastasizing tumor cells. When combined with DC-TEX vaccination, a higher number of activated T cells was recovered in the tumor and the survival time was prolonged compared with only DC-TEX vaccinated mice. As ATRA, GEM and Sun affect MDSC at distinct maturation and activation stages, a stronger support for DC-TEX vaccination was expected by the drug combination. Intrapancreatic tumor growth was prevented beyond the death of control mice. However, tumors developed after a partial breakdown of the immune system by the persisting drug application. Nonetheless, in combination with optimized drug tuning to prevent MDSC maturation and activation, vaccination with TEX-loaded DC appears a most promising option in PaCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Erb
- Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kun Zhao
- Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Section Pancreas Research, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
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Yoshimatsu Y, Miyazaki H, Watabe T. Roles of signaling and transcriptional networks in pathological lymphangiogenesis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:161-171. [PMID: 26850127 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis, the generation of new lymphatic vessels, plays important roles in cancer metastasis. Outstanding progress during the past decade has dramatically increased the novel knowledge and insights of the mechanisms underlying the generation of new lymphatic vessels, the roles of transcription factors and lymphangiogenic growth factors during physiological development and pathological processes such as cancer and inflammation. Furthermore, an understanding of the molecular consequences during tumor lymphangiogenesis has provided chances to develop better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that aim to limit the progression of cancer. In this article, we will explain the current knowledge of how lymphatic function is altered in various pathological conditions including cancer progression.
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Fink DM, Steele MM, Hollingsworth MA. The lymphatic system and pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 381:217-36. [PMID: 26742462 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes current knowledge of the biology, pathology and clinical understanding of lymphatic invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. We discuss the clinical and biological consequences of lymphatic invasion and metastasis, including paraneoplastic effects on immune responses and consider the possible benefit of therapies to treat tumors that are localized to lymphatics. A review of current techniques and methods to study interactions between tumors and lymphatics is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darci M Fink
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
| | - Maria M Steele
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
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Damaraju VL, Kuzma M, Mowles D, Cass CE, Sawyer MB. Interactions of Multitargeted Kinase Inhibitors and Nucleoside Drugs: Achilles Heel of Combination Therapy? Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:236-45. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Patel MB, Pothula SP, Xu Z, Lee AK, Goldstein D, Pirola RC, Apte MV, Wilson JS. The role of the hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET pathway in pancreatic stellate cell-endothelial cell interactions: antiangiogenic implications in pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1891-900. [PMID: 24876152 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated cancer-associated human pancreatic stellate cells (CAhPSCs, which produce the collagenous stroma of pancreatic cancer [PC]) are known to play a major role in PC progression. Apart from inducing cancer cell proliferation and migration, CAhPSCs have also been implicated in neoangiogenesis in PC. However, the mechanisms mediating the observed angiogenic effects of CAhPSCs are unknown. A candidate pathway that may be involved in this process is the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway and its helper molecule, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). This study investigated the effects of CAhPSC secretions on endothelial cell function in the presence and absence of HGF, c-MET and uPA inhibitors. HGF levels in CAhPSC secretions were quantified using ELISA. CAhPSC secretions were then incubated with human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and angiogenesis assessed by quantifying HMEC-1 tube formation and proliferation. CAhPSC-secreted HGF significantly increased HMEC-1 tube formation and proliferation; notably, these effects were downregulated by inhibition of HGF, its receptor c-MET and uPA. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was downregulated during inhibition of the HGF/c-MET pathway, whereas phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and ERK1/2 remained unaffected. Our studies have shown for the first time that CAhPSCs induce proliferation and tube formation of HMEC-1 and that the HGF/c-MET pathway plays a major role in this induction. Given that standard antiangiogenic treatment targeting vascular endothelial growth factor has had limited success in the clinical setting, the findings of the current study provide strong support for a novel, alternative antiangiogenic approach targeting the HGF/c-MET and uPA pathways in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishaal B Patel
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Srinivasa P Pothula
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Alexandra K Lee
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Romano C Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia.
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
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Stacker SA, Williams SP, Karnezis T, Shayan R, Fox SB, Achen MG. Lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel remodelling in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2014; 14:159-72. [PMID: 24561443 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The generation of new lymphatic vessels through lymphangiogenesis and the remodelling of existing lymphatics are thought to be important steps in cancer metastasis. The past decade has been exciting in terms of research into the molecular and cellular biology of lymphatic vessels in cancer, and it has been shown that the molecular control of tumour lymphangiogenesis has similarities to that of tumour angiogenesis. Nevertheless, there are significant mechanistic differences between these biological processes. We are now developing a greater understanding of the specific roles of distinct lymphatic vessel subtypes in cancer, and this provides opportunities to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that aim to restrict the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Stacker
- 1] Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia. [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. [3] Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Steven P Williams
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Tara Karnezis
- 1] Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia. [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ramin Shayan
- 1] Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia. [2] Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia. [3] Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia. [4] O'Brien Institute, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- 1] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. [2] Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Marc G Achen
- 1] Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia. [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. [3] Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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Le C, Karnezis T, Achen MG, Stacker S, Sloan E. Lymphovascular and neural regulation of metastasis: shared tumour signalling pathways and novel therapeutic approaches. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2013; 27:409-25. [PMID: 24267548 PMCID: PMC4007214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The progression of cancer is supported by a wide variety of non-neoplastic cell types which make up the tumour stroma, including immune cells, endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and nerve fibres. These host cells contribute molecular signals that enhance primary tumour growth and provide physical avenues for metastatic dissemination. This article provides an overview of the role of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerve fibres in the tumour microenvironment and highlights the interconnected molecular signalling pathways that control their development and activation in cancer. Further, this article highlights the known pharmacological agents which target these pathways and discusses the potential therapeutic uses of drugs that target angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and stress-response pathways in the different stages of cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.P. Le
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - T. Karnezis
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - M. G. Achen
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - S.A. Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - E.K. Sloan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Cancer Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Cousins Center for PNI, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA AIDS Institute and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, USA
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