1
|
Nakao Y, Asada M, Uesawa Y. Comprehensive Study of Drug-Induced Pruritus Based on Adverse Drug Reaction Report Database. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1500. [PMID: 37895971 PMCID: PMC10610247 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced pruritus triggers a desire to scratch, thereby diminishing one's quality of life. Certain instances of this phenomenon follow complex mechanisms of action that diverge from histamine-mediated pathways, known contributors to pruritus. However, investigations into the relationship between drugs and pruritus are limited. In this study, data mining techniques were employed to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of drugs linked to pruritus, using the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data. Reports linked to pruritus demonstrated noteworthy differences in gender, age, and weight when compared with non-pruritus cases. Among the leading candidates for drugs prompting pruritus were ophthalmic drugs, systemic antibacterials, contrast media, dermatological antifungals, and dermatological preparations. A principal component analysis showed that the second principal component served as an indicator for distinguishing between onsets at mucous membranes or the skin's surface. Additionally, the third principal component functioned as an indicator for categorizing administration methods as either invasive or noninvasive. Furthermore, a hierarchical cluster analysis conducted on these obtained principal components revealed the potential for classifying drugs based on the site of pruritus onset and the method of drug administration. These findings contribute to the development of targeted prevention and treatment strategies for avoiding pruritus in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshihiro Uesawa
- Department of Medical Molecular Informatics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Tokyo, Japan (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sparo M, Delpech G, García Allende N. Impact on Public Health of the Spread of High-Level Resistance to Gentamicin and Vancomycin in Enterococci. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3073. [PMID: 30619158 PMCID: PMC6305282 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has turned into a global public health issue. Enterococci are intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobials groups. These bacteria colonize dairy and meat products and integrate the autochthonous microbiota of mammal's gastrointestinal tract. Over the last decades, detection of vanA genotype in Enterococcus faecium from animals and from food of animal origin has been reported. Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium has become a prevalent nosocomial pathogen. Hospitalized patients are frequently treated with broad-spectrum antimicrobials and this leads to an increase in the presence of VanA or VanB vancomycin-resistant enterococci in patients' gastrointestinal tract and the risk of invasive infections. In humans, E. faecium is the main reservoir of VanA and VanB phenotypes. Acquisition of high-level aminoglycoside resistance is a significant therapeutic problem for patients with severe infections because it negates the synergistic effect between aminoglycosides and a cell-wall-active agent. The aac(6')-Ie-aph (2″)-Ia gene is widely spread in E. faecalis and has been detected in strains of human origin and in the food of animal origin. Enzyme AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2″)-Ia confers resistance to available aminoglycosides, except to streptomycin. Due to the fast dissemination of this genetic determinant, the impact of its horizontal transferability among enterococcal species from different origin has been considered. The extensive use of antibiotics in food-producing animals contributes to an increase in drug-resistant animal bacteria that can be transmitted to humans. Innovation is needed for the development of new antibacterial drugs and for the design of combination therapies with conventional antibiotics. Nowadays, semi-purified bacteriocins and probiotics are becoming an attractive alternative to the antibiotic in animal production. Therefore, a better understanding of a complex and relevant issue for Public Health such as high-level vancomycin and gentamicin resistance in enterococci and their impact is needed. Hence, it is necessary to consider the spread of vanA E. faecium and high-level gentamicin resistant E. faecalis strains of different origin in the environment, and also highlight the potential horizontal transferability of these resistance determinants to other bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sparo
- Clinical Department, Medicine School, National University of Central Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Gaston Delpech
- Clinical Department, Medicine School, National University of Central Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee AS, de Lencastre H, Garau J, Kluytmans J, Malhotra-Kumar S, Peschel A, Harbarth S. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018; 4:18033. [PMID: 29849094 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 736] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1960s, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged, disseminated globally and become a leading cause of bacterial infections in both health-care and community settings. However, there is marked geographical variation in MRSA burden owing to several factors, including differences in local infection control practices and pathogen-specific characteristics of the circulating clones. Different MRSA clones have resulted from the independent acquisition of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), which contains genes encoding proteins that render the bacterium resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics (such as methicillin), by several S. aureus clones. The success of MRSA is a consequence of the extensive arsenal of virulence factors produced by S. aureus combined with β-lactam resistance and, for most clones, resistance to other antibiotic classes. Clinical manifestations of MRSA range from asymptomatic colonization of the nasal mucosa to mild skin and soft tissue infections to fulminant invasive disease with high mortality. Although treatment options for MRSA are limited, several new antimicrobials are under development. An understanding of colonization dynamics, routes of transmission, risk factors for progression to infection and conditions that promote the emergence of resistance will enable optimization of strategies to effectively control MRSA. Vaccine candidates are also under development and could become an effective prevention measure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andie S Lee
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Javier Garau
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Kluytmans
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Universiteit Antwerpen, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology Department, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Programme, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abbas M, Paul M, Huttner A. New and improved? A review of novel antibiotics for Gram-positive bacteria. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
5
|
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare, life-threatening disease that has long-lasting effects even among patients who survive and are cured. IE disproportionately affects those with underlying structural heart disease and is increasingly associated with health care contact, particularly in patients who have intravascular prosthetic material. In the setting of bacteraemia with a pathogenic organism, an infected vegetation may form as the end result of complex interactions between invading microorganisms and the host immune system. Once established, IE can involve almost any organ system in the body. The diagnosis of IE may be difficult to establish and a strategy that combines clinical, microbiological and echocardiography results has been codified in the modified Duke criteria. In cases of blood culture-negative IE, the diagnosis may be especially challenging, and novel microbiological and imaging techniques have been developed to establish its presence. Once diagnosed, IE is best managed by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in infectious diseases, cardiology and cardiac surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of IE remains controversial. Efforts to develop a vaccine that targets common bacterial causes of IE are ongoing, but have not yet yielded a commercially available product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Holland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Room 185 Hanes Building, 315 Trent Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Larry M Baddour
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Arnold S Bayer
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Bruno Hoen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Pointe-Pitre, Pointe-Pitre, France
| | - Jose M Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Room 185 Hanes Building, 315 Trent Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|