1
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Reddi KK, Chava S, Chabattula SC, Edwards YJK, Singh K, Gupta R. ASAH1 facilitates TNBC by DUSP5 suppression-driven activation of MAP kinase pathway and represents a therapeutic vulnerability. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:452. [PMID: 38926346 PMCID: PMC11208621 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is prone to metastasis and therapy resistance. Owing to its aggressive nature and limited availability of targeted therapies, TNBC is associated with higher mortality as compared to other forms of breast cancer. In order to develop new therapeutic options for TNBC, we characterized the factors involved in TNBC growth and progression. Here, we demonstrate that N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1 (ASAH1) is overexpressed in TNBC cells and is regulated via p53 and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of ASAH1 suppresses TNBC growth and progression. Mechanistically, ASAH1 inhibition stimulates dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) expression, suppressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Furthermore, pharmacological cotargeting of the ASAH1 and MAPK pathways inhibits TNBC growth. Collectively, we unmasked a novel role of ASAH1 in driving TNBC and identified dual targeting of the ASAH1 and MAPK pathways as a potential new therapeutic approach for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Reddi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suresh Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Siva Chander Chabattula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yvonne J K Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kamaljeet Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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2
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Zhao D, Li Z, Ji DK, Xia Q. Recent Progress of Multifunctional Molecular Probes for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Theranostics. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:803. [PMID: 38931924 PMCID: PMC11207493 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) poses a significant threat to women's health, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) representing one of the most challenging and aggressive subtypes due to the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. Traditional TNBC treatments often encounter issues such as low drug efficiency, limited tumor enrichment, and substantial side effects. Therefore, it is crucial to explore novel diagnostic and treatment systems for TNBC. Multifunctional molecular probes (MMPs), which integrate target recognition as well as diagnostic and therapeutic functions, introduce advanced molecular tools for TNBC theranostics. Using an MMP system, molecular drugs can be precisely delivered to the tumor site through a targeted ligand. Real-time dynamic monitoring of drug release achieved using imaging technology allows for the evaluation of drug enrichment at the tumor site. This approach enables accurate drug release, thereby improving the therapeutic effect. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advancements in MMPs for TNBC theranostics, encompassing the design and synthesis of MMPs as well as their applications in the field of TNBC theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ding-Kun Ji
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qian Xia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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3
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Mistry T, Nath A, Pal R, Ghosh S, Mahata S, Kumar Sahoo P, Sarkar S, Choudhury T, Nath P, Alam N, Nasare VD. Emerging Futuristic Targeted Therapeutics: A Comprising Study Towards a New Era for the Management of TNBC. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:132-148. [PMID: 38145412 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is characterized by high lethality attributed to factors such as chemoresistance, transcriptomic, and genomic heterogeneity, leading to a poor prognosis and limiting available targeted treatment options. While the identification of molecular targets remains pivotal for therapy involving chemo drugs, the current challenge lies in the poor response rates, low survival rates, and frequent relapses. Despite various clinical investigations exploring molecular targeted therapies in conjunction with conventional chemo treatment, the outcomes have been less than optimal. The critical need for more effective therapies underscores the urgency to discover potent novel treatments, including molecular and immune targets, as well as emerging strategies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of conventional treatment approaches and explores emerging molecular and immune-targeted therapeutics, elucidating their mechanisms to address the existing obstacles for a more effective management of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuma Mistry
- Departments of Pathology and Cancer Screening
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal
| | - Arijit Nath
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ranita Pal
- Departments of Pathology and Cancer Screening
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neyaz Alam
- Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute
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4
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Kim NY, Park HM, Lee HP, Hong JT, Yoon DY. (E)-2-Methoxy-4-(3-(4-Methoxyphenyl) Prop-1-en-1-yl) Phenol Suppresses Breast Cancer Progression by Dual-Regulating VEGFR2 and PPARγ. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:240-248. [PMID: 37942548 PMCID: PMC10940741 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In cancer treatment, multi-target approach has paid attention to a reasonable strategy for the potential agents. We investigated whether (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP) could exert an anticancer effect by dual-regulating VEGFR2 and PPARγ. MMPP showed modulating effects in TNBC type (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) and luminal A type (MCF7) breast cancer cell lines. MMPP enhanced PPARγ transcriptional activity and inhibited VEGFR2 phosphorylation. MMPP-induced signaling by VEGFR2 and PPARγ ultimately triggered the downregulation of AKT activity. MMPP exhibited anticancer effects, as evidenced by growth inhibition, inducement of apoptosis, and suppression of migration and invasion. At the molecular level, MMPP activated pro-apoptotic proteins (caspase3, caspase8, caspase9, and bax), while inhibiting the anti-apoptotic proteins (bcl2). Additionally, MMPP inhibited the mRNA expressions of EMT-promoting transcription factors. Therefore, our findings showed molecular mechanisms of MMPP by regulating VEGFR2 and PPARγ, and suggested that MMPP has potential to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Min Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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5
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Terragno M, Vetrova A, Semenov O, Sayan AE, Kriajevska M, Tulchinsky E. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition and AXL inhibitor TP-0903 sensitise triple-negative breast cancer cells to the antimalarial compound, artesunate. Sci Rep 2024; 14:425. [PMID: 38172210 PMCID: PMC10764797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a difficult-to-treat, aggressive cancer type. TNBC is often associated with the cellular program of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that confers drug resistance and metastasis. EMT and reverse mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) programs are regulated by several signaling pathways which converge on a group of transcription factors, EMT- TFs. Therapy approaches could rely on the EMT reversal to sensitise mesenchymal tumours to compounds effective against epithelial cancers. Here, we show that the antimalarial ROS-generating compound artesunate (ART) exhibits higher cytotoxicity in epithelial than mesenchymal breast cancer cell lines. Ectopic expression of EMT-TF ZEB1 in epithelial or ZEB1 depletion in mesenchymal cells, respectively, reduced or increased ART-generated ROS levels, DNA damage and apoptotic cell death. In epithelial cells, ZEB1 enhanced expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPX8) implicated in ROS scavenging. Although SOD2 or GPX8 levels were unaffected in mesenchymal cells in response to ZEB1 depletion, stable ZEB1 knockdown enhanced total ROS. Receptor tyrosine kinase AXL maintains a mesenchymal phenotype and is overexpressed in TNBC. The clinically-relevant AXL inhibitor TP-0903 induced MET and synergised with ART to generate ROS, DNA damage and apoptosis in TNBC cells. TP-0903 reduced the expression of GPX8 and SOD2. Thus, TP-0903 and ZEB1 knockdown sensitised TNBC cells to ART, likely via different pathways. Synergistic interactions between TP-0903 and ART indicate that combination approaches involving these compounds can have therapeutic prospects for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Terragno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Anastassiya Vetrova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Oleg Semenov
- Regulation of Gene Expression Laboratory, Institute of Cytology RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marina Kriajevska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Eugene Tulchinsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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6
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Kaur N, Sharma P, Mimansa, Jaganathan M, Munawara R, Aggarwal A, Shanavas A. Glycol chitosan stabilized nanomedicine of lapatinib and doxorubicin for the management of metastatic breast tumor. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2520-2532. [PMID: 36971999 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Advanced breast cancer is known to be highly evasive to conventional therapeutic regimes with a 5-year survival rate of less than 30% compared to over 90% for early stages. Although several new approaches are being explored to improve the survival outcome, there is still some room for equipping existing drugs such as lapatinib (LAPA) and doxorubicin (DOX) to fight the systemic disease. LAPA is associated with poorer clinical outcomes in HER2-negative patients. However its ability to also target EGFR has warranted its use in recent clinical trials. Nevertheless, the drug is poorly absorbed post oral administration and possess low aqueous solubility. DOX on the other hand is avoided in vulnerable patients in advanced stages due to its pronounced off-target toxicity. To overcome the pitfalls of the drugs, we have fabricated a nanomedicine co-loaded with LAPA & DOX and stabilized with glycol chitosan, a biocompatible polyelectrolyte. With a loading content of ~ 11.5% and ~ 15% respectively, LAPA and DOX in a single nanomedicine showed synergistic action against triple-negative breast cancer cells in comparison to physically mixed free drugs. The nanomedicine showed a time-dependent association with cancer cells thereon inducing apoptosis leading to ~ 80% cell death. The nanomedicine was found to be acutely safe in healthy Balb/c mice and could negate DOX-induced cardio toxicity. The combination nanomedicine significantly inhibited both the primary 4T1 breast tumor and its spread to the lung, liver, heart, and kidney compared to pristine drug controls. These preliminary data indicate bright prospects for the nanomedicine to be effective against metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Inorganic & Organic Nanomedicine Lab, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Inorganic & Organic Nanomedicine Lab, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Mimansa
- Inorganic & Organic Nanomedicine Lab, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Mahendran Jaganathan
- Inorganic & Organic Nanomedicine Lab, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Rafika Munawara
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Madhya Marg, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Madhya Marg, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Asifkhan Shanavas
- Inorganic & Organic Nanomedicine Lab, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
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7
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López-Mejía JA, Mantilla-Ollarves JC, Rocha-Zavaleta L. Modulation of JAK-STAT Signaling by LNK: A Forgotten Oncogenic Pathway in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14777. [PMID: 37834225 PMCID: PMC10573125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Tumors that express hormone receptors account for 75% of all cases. Understanding alternative signaling cascades is important for finding new therapeutic targets for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients. JAK-STAT signaling is commonly activated in hormone receptor-positive breast tumors, inducing inflammation, proliferation, migration, and treatment resistance in cancer cells. In hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, the JAK-STAT cascade is stimulated by hormones and cytokines, such as prolactin and IL-6. In normal cells, JAK-STAT is inhibited by the action of the adaptor protein, LNK. However, the role of LNK in breast tumors is not fully understood. This review compiles published reports on the expression and activation of the JAK-STAT pathway by IL-6 and prolactin and potential inhibition of the cascade by LNK in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Additionally, it includes analyses of available datasets to determine the level of expression of LNK and various members of the JAK-STAT family for the purpose of establishing associations between expression and clinical outcomes. Together, experimental evidence and in silico studies provide a better understanding of the potential implications of the JAK-STAT-LNK loop in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. López-Mejía
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico; (J.A.L.-M.); (J.C.M.-O.)
| | - Jessica C. Mantilla-Ollarves
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico; (J.A.L.-M.); (J.C.M.-O.)
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico; (J.A.L.-M.); (J.C.M.-O.)
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
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8
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Chapdelaine AG, Sun G. Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Targeted Therapies for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1207. [PMID: 37627272 PMCID: PMC10452226 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of breast cancers characterized by their lack of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and the HER2 receptor. They are more aggressive than other breast cancer subtypes, with a higher mean tumor size, higher tumor grade, the worst five-year overall survival, and the highest rates of recurrence and metastasis. Developing targeted therapies for TNBC has been a major challenge due to its heterogeneity, and its treatment still largely relies on surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In this review article, we review the efforts in developing targeted therapies for TNBC, discuss insights gained from these efforts, and highlight potential opportunities going forward. Accumulating evidence supports TNBCs as multi-driver cancers, in which multiple oncogenic drivers promote cell proliferation and survival. In such multi-driver cancers, targeted therapies would require drug combinations that simultaneously block multiple oncogenic drivers. A strategy designed to generate mechanism-based combination targeted therapies for TNBC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gongqin Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA;
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9
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Obidiro O, Battogtokh G, Akala EO. Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Options and Limitations: Future Outlook. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1796. [PMID: 37513983 PMCID: PMC10384267 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a negative expression of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptors (HER2). The survival rate for TNBC is generally worse than other breast cancer subtypes. TNBC treatment has made significant advances, but certain limitations remain. Treatment for TNBC can be challenging since the disease has various molecular subtypes. A variety of treatment options are available, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Chemotherapy is the most common of these options. TNBC is generally treated with systemic chemotherapy using drugs such as anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant or adjuvant settings. Developing resistance to anticancer drugs and off-target toxicity are the primary hindrances to chemotherapeutic solutions for cancer. It is imperative that researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical companies work together to develop effective treatment options for TNBC. Several studies have suggested nanotechnology as a potential solution to the problem of suboptimal TNBC treatment. In this review, we summarized possible treatment options for TNBC, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, combination therapy, and nanoparticle-based therapy, and some solutions for the treatment of TNBC in the future. Moreover, we gave general information about TNBC in terms of its characteristics and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmanuel O. Akala
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (O.O.); (G.B.)
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10
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Beeraka NM, Zhang J, Zhao D, Liu J, A U C, Vikram Pr H, Shivaprakash P, Bannimath N, Manogaran P, Sinelnikov MY, Bannimath G, Fan R. Combinatorial Implications of Nrf2 Inhibitors with FN3K Inhibitor: In vitro Breast Cancer Study. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2408-2425. [PMID: 37861038 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128261466231011114600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum derivatives are chemotherapeutic agents preferred for the treatment of cancers including breast cancer. Oxaliplatin is an anticancer drug that is in phase II studies to treat metastatic breast cancer. However, its usage is constrained by chemoresistance and dose-related side effects. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine the combinatorial efficacy of brusatol, an Nrf2 blocker, with oxaliplatin (a proven FN3K blocker in our study) in mitigating breast cancer growth in vitro. METHODS We performed cytotoxicity assays, combination index (CI) analysis, colony formation assays, apoptosis assays, and Western blotting. RESULTS Results of our study described the chemosensitizing efficacy of brusatol in combination with lowdose oxaliplatin against breast cancer through synergistic effects in both BT-474 and T47D cells. A significant mitigation in the migration rate of these cancer cells was observed with the combination regimen, which is equivalent to the IC-50 dose of oxaliplatin (125 μM). Furthermore, ROS-mediated and apoptotic modes of cell death were observed with a combinatorial regimen. Colony formation of breast cancer cell lines was mitigated with a combinatorial regimen of bursatol and oxaliplatin than the individual treatment regimen. FN3K expression downregulated with oxaliplatin in T47D cells. The mitigation of FN3K protein expression with a combination regimen was not observed but the Nrf2 downstream antioxidant signaling proteins were significantly downregulated with a combination regimen similar to individual drug regimens. CONCLUSION Our study concluded the combination efficacy of phytochemicals like brusatol in combination with low-dose oxaliplatin (FN3K blocker), which could enhance the chemosensitizing effect in breast cancer and minimize the overall dose requirement of oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha M Beeraka
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chinnappa A U
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hemanth Vikram Pr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- Xenone Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, #318, Third Floor, US Complex, Jasola, New Delhi 110076, India
| | - Priyanka Shivaprakash
- Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Namitha Bannimath
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasath Manogaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Sinelab Biomedical Research Center, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Gurupadayya Bannimath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou 450052, China
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11
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Sun H, Cai H, Xu C, Zhai H, Lux F, Xie Y, Feng L, Du L, Liu Y, Sun X, Wang Q, Song H, He N, Zhang M, Ji K, Wang J, Gu Y, Leduc G, Doussineau T, Wang Y, Liu Q, Tillement O. AGuIX nanoparticles enhance ionizing radiation-induced ferroptosis on tumor cells by targeting the NRF2-GPX4 signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:449. [PMID: 36242003 PMCID: PMC9569109 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the frame of radiotherapy treatment of cancer, radioresistance remains a major issue that still needs solutions to be overcome. To effectively improve the radiosensitivity of tumors and reduce the damage of radiation to neighboring normal tissues, radiosensitizers have been given increasing attention in recent years. As nanoparticles based on the metal element gadolinium, AGuIX nanoparticles have been shown to increase the radiosensitivity of cancers. Although it is a rare nanomaterial that has entered preclinical trials, the unclear biological mechanism hinders its further clinical application. In this study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of AGuIX nanoparticles in the radiosensitization of triple-negative breast cancer. We found that AGuIX nanoparticles increased the level of DNA damage by compromising the homologous recombination repair pathway instead of the non-homologous end joining pathway. Moreover, the results showed that AGuIX nanoparticles induced apoptosis, but the degree of apoptosis ability was very low, which cannot fully explain their strong radiosensitizing effect. Ferroptosis, the other mode of cell death, was also discovered to play a significant role in radiation sensitization, and AGuIX nanoparticles may regulate the anti-ferroptosis system by inhibiting the NRF2-GSH-GPX4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Hezheng Zhai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.,School of Precision Instruments and OPTO-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - François Lux
- Institute Light and Mater, UMR5306, Lyon1 University-CNRS, Lyon University, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231, Paris, France
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medical Imaging, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Huijuan Song
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ningning He
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Géraldine Leduc
- NH TherAguix S.A.S, 29 chemin du Vieux Chêne, 38240, Meylan, France
| | | | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institute Light and Mater, UMR5306, Lyon1 University-CNRS, Lyon University, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
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12
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Lee SH, Lee JS, Park JH, Yoon S, Lee KY, Kim HS. Glycolytic Metabolic Remodeling by the Truncate of Glioma-Associated Oncogene Homolog 1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2022; 13:3031-3043. [PMID: 36046646 PMCID: PMC9414023 DOI: 10.7150/jca.72793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays an essential role in embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and stem cell renewal. In particular, terminal effectors of the Hh signaling pathway are associated with the regulation of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) transcription factors. Overexpression of GLI1 is closely associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. The Hh-GLI1 signaling pathway is activated and participates in the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer, especially in the aggressive subtype of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the role of GLI1 in regulating TNBC metabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the functional role of GLI1 in glycolytic metabolism in TNBC. Immunohistochemical analysis of GLI1 expression in a tissue microarray revealed significant correlations between GLI1 expression and advanced tumor stage and grade. GLI1 expression levels were drastically increased in MDA-MB-231 cells compared to those in other cell lines. Inhibition of GLI1 expression using GLI1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Furthermore, GLI1 downregulation significantly reduced the expression of glycolysis-regulated proteins. GLI1 knockdown resulted in reduced glycolytic rates and extracellular lactate levels. Moreover, metabolic stress after GLI1 knockdown activated the energy sensor, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which subsequently resulted in autophagy induction. In conclusion, this study indicates that targeting GLI1 reprograms the tumor glucose metabolism to suppress breast cancer cell growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungpil Yoon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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13
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Ku GC, Chapdelaine AG, Ayrapetov MK, Sun G. Identification of Lethal Inhibitors and Inhibitor Combinations for Mono-Driver versus Multi-Driver Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4027. [PMID: 36011019 PMCID: PMC9407008 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no signaling-based targeted therapies for triple-negative breast cancer. The development of targeted cancer therapy relies on identifying oncogenic signaling drivers, understanding their contributions to oncogenesis and developing inhibitors to block such drivers. In this study, we determine that DU-4475 is a mono-driver cancer cell line relying on BRAF and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway for viability and proliferation. It is fully and lethally inhibited by BRAF or Mek inhibitors at low nM concentrations, but it is resistant to inhibitors targeting other signaling pathways. The inhibitory lethality caused by blocking Mek or BRAF is through apoptosis. In contrast, MDA-MB-231 is a multi-driver triple-negative breast cancer cell line dependent on both Src and the KRAS-activated mitogen-activated kinase pathway for proliferation and viability. Blocking each pathway alone only partially inhibits cell proliferation without killing them, but the combination of dasatinib, an Src inhibitor, and trametinib, a Mek inhibitor, achieves synthetic lethality. The combination is highly potent, with an IC50 of 8.2 nM each, and strikingly synergistic, with a combination index of less than 0.003 for 70% inhibition. The synthetic lethality of the drug combination is achieved by apoptosis. These results reveal a crucial difference between mono-driver and multi-driver cancer cells and suggest that pharmacological synthetic lethality may provide a basis for effectively inhibiting multi-driver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gongqin Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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14
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Guha L, Bhat IA, Bashir A, Rahman JU, Pottoo FH. Nanotechnological Approaches for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:781-799. [PMID: 35676850 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220608144551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women around the world, having a sudden spread nowadays because of the poor sedentary lifestyle of people. Comprising several subtypes, one of the most dangerous and aggressive ones is triple-negative breast cancer or TNBC. Even though conventional surgical approaches like single and double mastectomy and preventive chemotherapeutic approaches are available, they are not selective to cancer cells and are only for symptomatic treatment. A new branch called nanotechnology has emerged in the last few decades that offers various novel characteristics, such as size in nanometric scale, enhanced adherence to multiple targeting moieties, active and passive targeting, controlled release, and site-specific targeting. Among various nanotherapeutic approaches like dendrimers, lipid-structured nanocarriers, carbon nanotubes, etc., nanoparticle targeted therapeutics can be termed the best among all for their specific cytotoxicity to cancer cells and increased bioavailability to a target site. This review focuses on the types and molecular pathways involving TNBC, existing treatment strategies, various nanotechnological approaches like exosomes, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, lipid, and carbon-based nanocarriers, and especially various nanoparticles (NPs) like polymeric, photodynamic, peptide conjugated, antibody-conjugated, metallic, inorganic, natural product capped, and CRISPR based nanoparticles already approved for treatment or are under clinical and pre-clinical trials for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahanya Guha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Mohali, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Bhat
- Northern Railway Hospital, Sri Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra, Reasi 182320, India
| | - Aasiya Bashir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, J&K, India
| | - Jawad Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.BOX 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.BOX 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Chen K, Zhang J, Beeraka NM, Tang C, Babayeva YV, Sinelnikov MY, Zhang X, Zhang J, Liu J, Reshetov IV, Sukocheva OA, Lu P, Fan R. Advances in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity-Driven Effects in Breast Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:820968. [PMID: 35814391 PMCID: PMC9258420 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.820968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated chronic inflammation were shown to facilitate breast cancer (BC) growth and metastasis. Leptin, adiponectin, estrogen, and several pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the development of obesity-driven BC through the activation of multiple oncogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways. The aim of this study was to assess the reported mechanisms of obesity-induced breast carcinogenesis and effectiveness of conventional and complementary BC therapies. We screened published original articles, reviews, and meta-analyses that addressed the involvement of obesity-related signaling mechanisms in BC development, BC treatment/prevention approaches, and posttreatment complications. PubMed, Medline, eMedicine, National Library of Medicine (NLM), and ReleMed databases were used to retrieve relevant studies using a set of keywords, including "obesity," "oncogenic signaling pathways," "inflammation," "surgery," "radiotherapy," "conventional therapies," and "diet." Multiple studies indicated that effective BC treatment requires the involvement of diet- and exercise-based approaches in obese postmenopausal women. Furthermore, active lifestyle and diet-related interventions improved the patients' overall quality of life and minimized adverse side effects after traditional BC treatment, including postsurgical lymphedema, post-chemo nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Further investigation of beneficial effects of diet and physical activity may help improve obesity-linked cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), JSS Medical College, Mysuru, India
| | - Chengyun Tang
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Babayeva
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y. Sinelnikov
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Igor V. Reshetov
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Sukocheva
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Pengwei Lu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Rahman MK, Al-Zubaidi Y, Bourget K, Chen Y, Tam S, Zhou F, Murray M. Preclinical Evaluation of Ixabepilone in Combination with VEGF Receptor and PARP Inhibitors in Taxane-Sensitive and Taxane-Resistant MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2180-2190. [PMID: 35700798 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-term use of cytotoxic agents promotes drug-resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The identification of new drug combinations with efficacy against drug-resistant TNBC cells in vitro is valuable in developing new clinical strategies to produce further cancer remissions. We undertook combination analysis of the cytotoxic agent ixabepilone with small molecule inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in taxane-sensitive (231C) and taxane-resistant (TXT) MDA-MB-231-derived cells. As single agents, the VEGFR inhibitors cediranib and bosutinib decreased both 231C and TXT cell viability, but four other VEGFR inhibitors and two PARP inhibitors were less effective. Combinations of ixabepilone with either cediranib or bosutinib synergistically decreased 231C cell viability. However, only the ixabepilone/cediranib combination was synergistic in TXT cells, with predicted 15.3-fold and 1.65-fold clinical dose reductions for ixabepilone and cediranib, respectively. Flow cytometry and immunoblotting were used to further evaluate the loss of cell viability. Thus, TXT cell killing by ixabepilone/cediranib was enhanced over ixabepilone alone, and expression of proapoptotic cleaved caspase-3 and the Bak/Bcl-2 protein ratio were increased. These findings suggest that the synergistic activity of the ixabepilone/cediranib combination in taxane-sensitive and taxane-resistant cells may warrant clinical evaluation in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khalilur Rahman
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences; Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yassir Al-Zubaidi
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences
| | - Kirsi Bourget
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences; Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yongjuan Chen
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences
| | - Stanton Tam
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences; Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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17
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Wu Y, Ma Z, Mai X, Liu X, Li P, Qi X, Li G, Li J. Identification of a Novel Inhibitor of TfR1 from Designed and Synthesized Muriceidine A Derivatives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050834. [PMID: 35624697 PMCID: PMC9137542 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) plays a key role in cellular iron uptake through its interaction with iron-bound Tf. TfR1 is often reported to be overexpressed in malignant cells, and this increase may be associated with poor prognosis in different types of cancer, which makes it an attractive target for antitumor therapy. The marine natural product Muriceidine A is a potent anticancer agent reported in our previous work. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of Muriceidine A derivatives and described the systematic investigation into their cytotoxic activities against four tumor cells. Most of the derivatives showed stronger antitumor activity and we found that the introduction of electron-donating groups at position C-2 of unsaturated piperidine was beneficial to anticancer activity and unsaturated piperidine was responsible for the antiproliferative activity. Among these compounds, 12b (methyl at position C-2 of unsaturated piperidine) exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells. Further pharmacological research showed that 12b bound to Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) directly caused iron deprivation and ROS imbalance along with the degradations of several oncoproteins, especially FGFR1, through the proteasome pathway; thus, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Our findings indicate that 12b is a promising lead compound targeting TfR1 for triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (X.M.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (X.Q.)
| | - Zongchen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (X.M.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xiaoyuan Mai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (X.M.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (X.M.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (X.Q.)
| | - Pinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (X.M.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (X.M.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (X.Q.)
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (X.M.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (X.Q.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (X.M.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (X.Q.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (J.L.)
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18
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Fineberg S, Tian X, Makower D, Harigopal M, Lo Y. EZH2 Protein Expression in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: An Exploratory Study of Association With Tumor Response and Prognosis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:157-164. [PMID: 35262520 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neaodjuvant chemotherapy is used to treat high risk triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Residual cancer burden (RCB) is used to predict risk of relapse after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC); however, it cannot predict disease recurrence with certainty. EZH2 is a targetable oncogenic protein overexpressed in TNBC and associated with metastasis and stem cell expansion. We quantified EZH2 protein expression in TNBC before NAC to examine potential utility as a predictive and prognostic biomarker. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified 63 patients with localized TNBC treated with NAC. We quantified EZH2 nuclear expression in pretherapy biopsies using a score which included intensity and percent of positive cells at each intensity. EZH2 expression was evaluated as a continuous variable and dichotomized at a score of 210. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine association between EZH2 expression and RCB, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, clinicopathologic features and disease-free survival. RESULTS There was no significant association between EZH2 score and posttreatment RCB class evaluated as a continuous variable (P=0.831) or dichotomized at 210 (P=0.546). On multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for covariates including RCB, EZH2 >210 was associated with development of metastasis (odds ratio=14.35, 95% confidence interval: 2.69-76.66; P=0.002). Logistic regression was run with EZH2 scores as a continuous variable and increased EZH2 score was associated with metastasis (odds ratio=1.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.03; P=0.047). CONCLUSION In our study of TNBC treated with NAC, high EZH2 expression in pretherapy core biopsies was significantly associated with metastatic recurrence independent of RCB. The potential value of EZH2 as a biomarker to improve stratification of outcome after NAC should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Malini Harigopal
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
| | - Yungtai Lo
- Departments of Pathology
- Epidemiology and Population Health Montefiore Medical Center and The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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19
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Zhang J, Yang F, Mei X, Yang R, Lu B, Wang Z, Ji L. Toosendanin and isotoosendanin suppress triple-negative breast cancer growth via inducing necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109739. [PMID: 34742683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN) and isotoosendanin (ITSN) are two natural triterpenoids isolated from Fructus Meliae Toosendan or Cortex Meliae. This study aims to observe the inhibition of TSN and ITSN on the growth of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the preliminary engaged mechanism. Cell viability assay showed that both TSN and ITSN had obvious cytotoxicity in a variety of tumor cells, and they had the best inhibitory effect on TNBC cells including MDA-MB-231, BT549 and 4T1. Propidium iodide (PI) staining results showed the increased number of necrotic MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells induced by TSN (20 nM) and ITSN (2.5 μM). Annexin V-FITC and PI double-staining results showed that TSN (20 nM) and ITSN (2.5 μM) induced cell apoptosis in both MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells. Moreover, TSN (20 nM) and ITSN (2.5 μM) induced the cleavage of pro-caspase-3 and pro-caspase-9, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL in both MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells. Results from scanning electron microscope observation and detecting the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) and Beclin 1 evidenced that TSN (20 nM) and ITSN (2.5 μM) induced autophagy in both MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells. TSN and ITSN decreased 4T1 xenograft tumor growth without inflicting toxicity on vital organs in mice. Collectively, this study shows that natural compound TSN and ITSN suppress TNBC growth via inducing necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy. TSN and ITSN could be promising drugs for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiyu Mei
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- Guangming Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Bin Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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20
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Hossain F, Majumder S, David J, Miele L. Precision Medicine and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Landscape and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153739. [PMID: 34359640 PMCID: PMC8345034 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The implementation of precision medicine will revolutionize cancer treatment paradigms. Notably, this goal is not far from reality: genetically similar cancers can be treated similarly. The heterogeneous nature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) made it a suitable candidate to practice precision medicine. Using TNBC molecular subtyping and genomic profiling, a precision medicine-based clinical trial is ongoing. This review summarizes the current landscape and future directions of precision medicine and TNBC. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer associated with a high recurrence and metastasis rate that affects African-American women disproportionately. The recent approval of targeted therapies for small subgroups of TNBC patients by the US ‘Food and Drug Administration’ is a promising development. The advancement of next-generation sequencing, particularly somatic exome panels, has raised hopes for more individualized treatment plans. However, the use of precision medicine for TNBC is a work in progress. This review will discuss the potential benefits and challenges of precision medicine for TNBC. A recent clinical trial designed to target TNBC patients based on their subtype-specific classification shows promise. Yet, tumor heterogeneity and sub-clonal evolution in primary and metastatic TNBC remain a challenge for oncologists to design adaptive precision medicine-based treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokhrul Hossain
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.M.); (L.M.)
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Samarpan Majumder
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.M.); (L.M.)
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Justin David
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.M.); (L.M.)
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
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21
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Moreno R, Banerjee S, Jackson AW, Quinn J, Baillie G, Dixon JE, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Edwards J, de la Vega L. The stress-responsive kinase DYRK2 activates heat shock factor 1 promoting resistance to proteotoxic stress. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1563-1578. [PMID: 33268814 PMCID: PMC8166837 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To survive proteotoxic stress, cancer cells activate the proteotoxic-stress response pathway, which is controlled by the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). This pathway supports cancer initiation, cancer progression and chemoresistance and thus is an attractive therapeutic target. As developing inhibitors against transcriptional regulators, such as HSF1 is challenging, the identification and targeting of upstream regulators of HSF1 present a tractable alternative strategy. Here we demonstrate that in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, the dual specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) phosphorylates HSF1, promoting its nuclear stability and transcriptional activity. DYRK2 depletion reduces HSF1 activity and sensitises TNBC cells to proteotoxic stress. Importantly, in tumours from TNBC patients, DYRK2 levels positively correlate with active HSF1 and associates with poor prognosis, suggesting that DYRK2 could be promoting TNBC. These findings identify DYRK2 as a key modulator of the HSF1 transcriptional programme and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moreno
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Sourav Banerjee
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0721, USA
| | - Angus W Jackson
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Jean Quinn
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gregg Baillie
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jack E Dixon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0721, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Joanne Edwards
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laureano de la Vega
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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22
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Role of AMPK and Akt in triple negative breast cancer lung colonization. Neoplasia 2021; 23:429-438. [PMID: 33839456 PMCID: PMC8042649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with a 5-y relative survival rate of 11% after distant metastasis. To survive the metastatic cascade, tumor cells remodel their signaling pathways by regulating energy production and upregulating survival pathways. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt regulate energy homeostasis and survival, however, the individual or synergistic role of AMPK and Akt isoforms during lung colonization by TNBC cells is unknown. The purpose of this study was to establish whether targeting Akt, AMPKα or both Akt and AMPKα isoforms in circulating cancer cells can suppress TNBC lung colonization. Transient silencing of Akt1 or Akt2 dramatically decreased metastatic colonization of lungs by inducing apoptosis or inhibiting invasion, respectively. Importantly, transient pharmacologic inhibition of Akt activity with MK-2206 or AZD5363 inhibitors did not prevent colonization of lung tissue by TNBC cells. Knockdown of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, or AMPKα1/2 also had no effect on metastatic colonization of lungs. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that transient decrease in AMPK isoforms expression alone or in combination with Akt1 in circulating tumor cells does not synergistically reduce TNBC metastatic lung colonization. Our results also provide evidence that Akt1 and Akt2 expression serve as a bottleneck that can challenge colonization of lungs by TNBC cells.
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23
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Luo X, Wang H. LINC00514 upregulates CCDC71L to promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer by sponging miR-6504-5p and miR-3139. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:180. [PMID: 33757509 PMCID: PMC7986463 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently identified as essential gene modulators in numerous cancers. Previous studies have confirmed the oncogenic role of long intergenic nonprotein-coding RNA 00514 (LINC00514) in some cancers. Nevertheless, its biological function and mechanism remain unclear in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS Herein, we detected LINC00514 expression level in TNBC tissues and cells using RT-qPCR. The function of LINC00514 in TNBC cellular activities was assessed by colony formation, EdU, wound healing, transwell assays and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS The binding between miR-6504-5p/miR-3139 and LINC00514/CCDC71L was validated by luciferase reporter assay. The results indicated that LINC00514 expression was upregulated in TNBC tissues and cells. Furthermore, it was manifested that silenced LINC00514 restrained cell proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities and promoted cell apoptosis. In mechanism, LINC00514 was revealed to sequester miR-6504-5p and miR-3139 in TNBC cells. Furthermore, the low level of miR-6504-5p and miR-3139 was identified in TNBC tissues and cells. Overexpression of miR-6504-5p or miR-3139 inhibited cell growth and migration in TNBC. CCDC71L was recognized as a common downstream gene of miR-6504-5p and miR-3139. Rescue assay verified that overexpressed CCDC71L countervailed the anti-tumor influence of LINC00514 knockdown on TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS LINC00514 promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer by targeting the miR-6504-5p/miR-3139/CCDC71L axis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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24
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18F-FLT PET/CT imaging for early monitoring response to CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy in triple negative breast cancer. Ann Nucl Med 2021; 35:600-607. [PMID: 33689138 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-021-01603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study was to investigate 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging monitor the early response of CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines and corresponding subcutaneous tumor models in CB17-SCID mice were used. Cell viability assay, cell-cycle analysis, and western blotting were performed in vitro experiments. 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging was performed and the value of tumor/muscle (T/M) of mice was measured before and 1-3 days after treatment in vivo experiments. Then, the tumor volume was recorded every day for 15 days. RESULTS In the presence of Palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor), the results of in vitro experiments showed that protein pRB and E2F levels were significantly down-regulated in MDA-MB-231 cells leading to G0/G1 arrest with consumption in S phase compared with MDA-MB-468 cells. In PET/CT imaging, the 18F-FLT T/M ratio of treatment group was a significant and sustained reduction from 1 to 3 days (all p < 0.05) compared with control group in MDA-MB-231 section. However, there was no significant difference between treatment and control groups in MDA-MB-468 section. Compared with the control group, the tumor volume of the treatment group was significantly reduced from the 11th day in MDA-MB-231 section, but not in MDA-MB-468 section until 15 days. CONCLUSION 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging can immediately and effectively monitor the early treatment response of CDK4/6 inhibitors in TNBC.
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25
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Wang F, Yang S, Lv M, Chen F, Yin H, Gao S, Tang J, Yu J. Novel Long Noncoding RNA 005620 Induces Epirubicin Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Regulating ITGB1 Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:592215. [PMID: 33747911 PMCID: PMC7970185 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.592215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is often treated with anthracyclines (e.g., epirubicin or doxorubicin), but very little is known about anthracycline resistance, especially epirubicin resistance in TNBC. To identify novel long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in epirubicin resistance in TNBC, we established a new TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell line that was resistant to epirubicin (Epi-R). A total of 12 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified using RNA sequencing analysis of Epi-R cells. Among these lncRNAs, we found a novel intronic lncRNA, lnc005620, was highly expressed in Epi-R cells and human TNBC tissues. Further gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that lnc005620 played an oncogenic role and partially abrogated the effects of epirubicin on TNBC cells. Using iTRAQ proteomics analysis, we found that three members of the integrin family, integrin β4, integrin β1 and integrin α6, were all upregulated in Epi-R MDA-MB-231 cells. Integrin β1, encoded by the ITGB1 gene, was validated to be a downstream target of lnc005620 in Epi-R MDA-MB-231 cells. Our study demonstrates that novel lnc005620 promotes TNBC progression and chemoresistance to epirubicin via integrin β1 both in vitro and in vivo and provides a promising therapeutic target for TNBC patients in terms of enhancing the benefits of epirubicin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengliang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sujin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Geenen JJJ, Dackus GMHE, Schouten PC, Pluim D, Marchetti S, Sonke GS, Jóźwiak K, Huitema ADR, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM, Linn SC. A Phase I dose-escalation study of two cycles carboplatin-olaparib followed by olaparib monotherapy in patients with advanced cancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:3041-3050. [PMID: 33539540 PMCID: PMC8248128 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have shown synergistic effects when combining PARP1/2 inhibitors and platinum drugs in BRCA1/2 mutated cancer cell models. After a formulation change of olaparib from capsules to tablets, we initiated a dose finding study of olaparib tablets bidaily (BID) continuously with carboplatin to prepare comparative studies in this patient group. Patients were included in a 3 + 3 dose‐escalation schedule: olaparib 25 mg BID and carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 3 mg*min/mL d1/d22, olaparib 25 mg BID and carboplatin AUC 4 mg*min/mL d1/d22, followed by increasing dose‐levels of olaparib from 50 mg BID, 75 mg BID, to 100 mg BID with carboplatin at AUC 4 mg*min/mL d1/d22. After two cycles, patients continued olaparib 300 mg BID as monotherapy. Primary objective was to assess the maximum tolerable dose (MTD). Twenty‐four patients with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced cancer were included. Most common adverse events were nausea (46%), fatigue (33%) and platelet count decrease (33%). Dose‐level 3 (olaparib 75 mg BID and carboplatin AUC 4 mg*min/mL; n = 6) was defined as MTD. Fourteen out of 24 patients (56%) had a partial response as best response (RECIST 1.1). Systemic exposure of the olaparib tablet formulation appeared comparable to the previous capsule formulation with olaparib tablet AUC0‐12 of 16.3 μg/mL*h at MTD. Polymers of ADP‐ribose levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were reduced by 98.7% ± 0.14% at Day 8 compared to Day 1 for dose‐level 3. Olaparib tablets 75 mg BID and carboplatin AUC 4 mg*min/mL for two cycles preceding olaparib monotherapy 300 mg is a feasible and tolerable treatment schedule for patients with advanced cancer.
What's new?
Preclinical studies have shown synergistic effects when combining PARP1/2‐inhibitors and platinum drugs in BRCA1/2 mutated cancer cell models. This phase I trial of olaparib tablets combined with carboplatin in advanced cancer patients showed that the combination has an acceptable side‐effect profile. The maximum tolerable dose was olaparib tablets 75 mg BID and carboplatin AUC 4 mg*min/ml. The observed preliminary anti‐tumor activity was encouraging, with 58% of patients having a decrease in tumor volume of more than 30%. This study shows that the tablet formulation of olaparib can be administered safely in combination with carboplatin, compared to the previous capsule formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill J J Geenen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwen M H E Dackus
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip C Schouten
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Pluim
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Marchetti
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabe S Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Jóźwiak
- Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Keihan Shokooh M, Emami F, Jeong JH, Yook S. Bio-Inspired and Smart Nanoparticles for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Microenvironment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:287. [PMID: 33671698 PMCID: PMC7926463 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) with poor prognosis and aggressive nature accounts for 10-20% of all invasive breast cancer (BC) cases and is detected in as much as 15% of individuals diagnosed with BC. Currently, due to the absence of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) receptor, there is no hormone-based therapy for TNBC. In addition, there are still no FDA-approved targeted therapies for patients with TNBC. TNBC treatment is challenging owing to poor prognosis, tumor heterogeneity, chemotherapeutic side effects, the chance of metastasis, and multiple drug-resistance. Therefore, various bio-inspired tumor-homing nano systems responding to intra- and extra- cellular stimuli are an urgent need to treat TNBC patients who do not respond to current chemotherapy. In this review, intensive efforts have been made for exploring cell-membrane coated nanoparticles and immune cell-targeted nanoparticles (immunotherapy) to modulate the tumor microenvironment and deliver accurate amounts of therapeutic agents to TNBC without stimulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Keihan Shokooh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran;
| | | | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
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28
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Dormant Tumor Cell Vaccination: A Mathematical Model of Immunological Dormancy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020245. [PMID: 33440806 PMCID: PMC7827392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, particularly affecting young women. Chemotherapy is the main choice for the treatment of these patients. It has been shown that some chemotherapies induce immunogenic cell death and elicit an adaptive cytotoxic T cell immune response through the activation of the type I interferon pathway. We made an evolutionary mathematical model based on the recently reported in vivo induction of immunological tumor dormancy of a murine TNBC cell line upon in vitro treatment with chemotherapy. Our model replicates the previously obtained experimental results and predicts a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination effect by injecting dormant cells with active type I interferon signaling, before or after challenge with the aggressive parental tumor cells, respectively. These results show the potential of a dormant tumor cell-based therapy inducing an adaptive immune response, suppressing tumor growth. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a molecular subtype of breast malignancy with a poor clinical prognosis. There is growing evidence that some chemotherapeutic agents induce an adaptive anti-tumor immune response. This reaction has been proposed to maintain the equilibrium phase of the immunoediting process and to control tumor growth by immunological cancer dormancy. We recently reported a model of immunological breast cancer dormancy based on the murine 4T1 TNBC model. Treatment of 4T1 cells in vitro with high-dose chemotherapy activated the type I interferon (type I IFN) signaling pathway, causing a switch from immunosuppressive to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-dependent immune response in vivo, resulting in sustained dormancy. Here, we developed a deterministic mathematical model based on the assumption that two cell subpopulations exist within the treated tumor: one population with high type I IFN signaling and immunogenicity and lower growth rate; the other population with low type I IFN signaling and immunogenicity and higher growth rate. The model reproduced cancer dormancy, elimination, and immune-escape in agreement with our previously reported experimental data. It predicted that the injection of dormant tumor cells with active type I IFN signaling results in complete growth control of the aggressive parental cancer cells injected at a later time point, but also of an already established aggressive tumor. Taken together, our results indicate that a dormant cell population can suppress the growth of an aggressive counterpart by eliciting a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-dependent immune response.
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29
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Ashkbar A, Rezaei F, Attari F, Ashkevarian S. Treatment of breast cancer in vivo by dual photodynamic and photothermal approaches with the aid of curcumin photosensitizer and magnetic nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21206. [PMID: 33273672 PMCID: PMC7713176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a neoplastic disease with a high mortality rate among women. Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) attracted considerable attention because of their minimal invasiveness. The PTT approach works based on hyperthermia generation, and PDT approach employs laser irradiation to activate a reagent named photosensitizer. Therefore, in the current paper, a dual-functioned nanocomposite (NC) was designed for the treatment of breast cancer model in Balb/c mice with the combination of photodynamic and photothermal approaches. Transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, and XRD were employed to validate the nanostructure and silica coating and curcumin (CUR) immobilization on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The effect of Fe3O4/SiO2-CUR combined with PDT and PTT was assessed in vivo on the breast tumor mice model, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to evaluate the expression of apoptotic Bax and Caspase3 proteins. The TEM images, UV-visible absorption, and FTIR spectra demonstrated the successful immobilization of curcumin molecules on the surface of Fe3O4/SiO2. Also, MTT assay confirmed the nontoxic nature of Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles in vitro. In the breast tumor mice model, we have assessed six treatment groups, including control, CUR + PDT, Blue + NIR (near-infrared) lasers, NC, NC + PTT, and NC + PDT + PTT. The tumor volume in the NC + PDT + PTT group showed a significant reduction compared to other groups (p < 0.05). More interestingly, the tumor volume of NC + PDT + PTT group showed a 27% decrease compared to its initial amount. It should be noted that no detectable weight loss or adverse effects on the vital organs was observed due to the treatments. Additionally, the IHC data represented that the expression of proapoptotic Bax and Caspase3 proteins were significantly higher in the NC + PDT + PTT group compared to the control group, indicative of apoptosis. To conclude, our data supported the fact that the NC + PDT + PTT strategy might hold a promising substitute for chemotherapy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ashkbar
- Department of Physics, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Physics, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farnoosh Attari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saboura Ashkevarian
- Research Institute of Applied Sciences, ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Attari F, Keighobadi F, Abdollahi M, Arefian E, Lotfizadeh R, Sepehri H, Moridi Farimani M. Inhibitory effect of flavonoid xanthomicrol on triple-negative breast tumor via regulation of cancer-associated microRNAs. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1967-1982. [PMID: 33217075 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Due to the side effects of current chemo-reagents on healthy tissues, it is essential to search for alternative compounds with less toxicity and better efficacy. In the present study, we have investigated the anticancer effects of flavonoid xanthomicrol on the mice breast cancer model using MTT assay, cell cycle and Annexin/PI analysis, colony formation assay, H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, and miRNA analysis. Our results demonstrated that xanthomicrol decreased the cell viability and clonogenic capability, induced G1-arrest and apoptosis in the breast cancer cells in vitro, and caused a significant reduction in the volume and weight of mice tumors in vivo. In addition, xanthomicrol reduced the expression of TNFα, VEGF, MMP9, and Ki67, while upregulating the expression of apoptotic markers such as Bax, caspase3, and caspase9. Finally, the expression of miR21, miR27, and miR125, known as oncomirs, decreased significantly after xanthomicrol administration, while the expression of miR29 and miR34, functioning as tumor suppressors, increased significantly (p < .001). Our data demonstrated that xanthomicrol can induce apoptosis and suppress angiogenesis in breast cancer cells due to its inhibitory effect on oncomirs and its stimulatory effect on tumor suppressor miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Attari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Keighobadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Molecular Virology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Lotfizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houri Sepehri
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moridi Farimani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Zhao M, Zhang M, Tao Z, Cao J, Wang L, Hu X. miR-331-3p Suppresses Cell Proliferation in TNBC Cells by Downregulating NRP2. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820905824. [PMID: 32174262 PMCID: PMC7076578 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820905824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer is characterized by fast progression with high possible for metastasis and poor survival. Dysfunction of microRNAs plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Our previous microRNA-seq data indicated the downregulation of miR-331-3p in triple-negative breast cancer tissues compared with that of the noncancer tissues. However, the function of miR-331-3p in triple-negative breast cancer remains largely unknown. Herein, the involvement of miR-331-3p in triple-negative breast cancer was investigated and the therapeutic potential of miR-331-3p was also explored. METHODS Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of miR-331-3p in triple-negative breast cancer tissues and cell lines. The cell proliferation was determined by the cell counting kit-8 assay. Apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells was examined by annexin V/propidium iodide staining. miRDB database was used to predict the potential targets of miR-331-3p. Western blot was performed to examine the expression of the target protein. RESULTS miR-331-3p was significantly downregulated in triple-negative breast cancer tissues and cell line. Lower miR-331-3p expression was significantly correlated with the tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Functional experiments showed that the overexpression of miR-331-3p inhibited the proliferation and increased apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Neuropilin-2 was identified as a target of miR-331-3p, which harbored binding site of miR-331-3p in its 3'-untranslated region. Overexpression of miR-331-3p decreased the messenger RNA and protein levels of neuropilin-2 in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Restoration of neuropilin-2 partially reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-331-3p on the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated the novel function of miR-331-3p/neuropilin-2 signaling in regulating the malignant behaviors of triple-negative breast cancer cells, which suggested miR-331-3p as a potential target for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiping Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Sharma A, Mishra T, Thacker G, Mishra M, Narender T, Trivedi AK. Chebulinic acid inhibits MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer metastasis and promotes cell death through down regulation of SOD1 and induction of autophagy. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2553-2569. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Sharma
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Tripti Mishra
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR‐CDRI) Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Gatha Thacker
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mukul Mishra
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR‐CDRI) Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
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Gupta GK, Collier AL, Lee D, Hoefer RA, Zheleva V, Siewertsz van Reesema LL, Tang-Tan AM, Guye ML, Chang DZ, Winston JS, Samli B, Jansen RJ, Petricoin EF, Goetz MP, Bear HD, Tang AH. Perspectives on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Treatment Strategies, Unmet Needs, and Potential Targets for Future Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2392. [PMID: 32846967 PMCID: PMC7565566 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by the absence or low expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. TNBC accounts for about 15% of breast cancer cases in the U.S., and is known for high relapse rates and poor overall survival (OS). Chemo-resistant TNBC is a genetically diverse, highly heterogeneous, and rapidly evolving disease that challenges our ability to individualize treatment for incomplete responders and relapsed patients. Currently, the frontline standard chemotherapy, composed of anthracyclines, alkylating agents, and taxanes, is commonly used to treat high-risk and locally advanced TNBC. Several FDA-approved drugs that target programmed cell death protein-1 (Keytruda) and programmed death ligand-1 (Tecentriq), poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and/or antibody drug conjugates (Trodelvy) have shown promise in improving clinical outcomes for a subset of TNBC. These inhibitors that target key genetic mutations and specific molecular signaling pathways that drive malignant tumor growth have been used as single agents and/or in combination with standard chemotherapy regimens. Here, we review the current TNBC treatment options, unmet clinical needs, and actionable drug targets, including epidermal growth factor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) activation in TNBC. Supported by strong evidence in developmental, evolutionary, and cancer biology, we propose that the K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation is a major tumor driver, and SIAH is a new drug target, a therapy-responsive prognostic biomarker, and a major tumor vulnerability in TNBC. Since persistent K-RAS/SIAH/EGFR pathway activation endows TNBC tumor cells with chemo-resistance, aggressive dissemination, and early relapse, we hope to design an anti-SIAH-centered anti-K-RAS/EGFR targeted therapy as a novel therapeutic strategy to control and eradicate incurable TNBC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan K. Gupta
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA;
| | - Amber L. Collier
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33131, USA;
| | - Dasom Lee
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Richard A. Hoefer
- Dorothy G. Hoefer Foundation, Sentara CarePlex Hospital, Newport News, VA 23666, USA;
- Sentara Cancer Network, Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
| | - Vasilena Zheleva
- Surgical Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America—Comprehensive Care and Research Center Phoenix, 14200 W Celebrate Life Way, Goodyear, AZ 85338, USA;
| | | | - Angela M. Tang-Tan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Mary L. Guye
- Sentara Cancer Network, Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Sentara Surgery Specialists, Sentara CarePlex Hospital, Newport News, VA 23666, USA
| | - David Z. Chang
- Virginia Oncology Associates, 1051 Loftis Boulevard, Suite 100, Newport News, VA 23606, USA;
| | - Janet S. Winston
- Breast Pathology Services, Pathology Sciences Medical Group, Department of Pathology, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (SNGH), Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (J.S.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Billur Samli
- Breast Pathology Services, Pathology Sciences Medical Group, Department of Pathology, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (SNGH), Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (J.S.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Rick J. Jansen
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA;
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA;
| | - Matthew P. Goetz
- Departments of Oncology and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE), Women’s Cancer Program, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Harry D. Bear
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Surgical Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Amy H. Tang
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA;
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Navarrete-Bernal MGC, Cervantes-Badillo MG, Martínez-Herrera JF, Lara-Torres CO, Gerson-Cwilich R, Zentella-Dehesa A, Ibarra-Sánchez MDJ, Esparza-López J, Montesinos JJ, Cortés-Morales VA, Osorio-Pérez D, Villegas-Osorno DA, Reyes-Sánchez E, Salazar-Sojo P, Tallabs-Utrilla LF, Romero-Córdoba S, Rocha-Zavaleta L. Biological Landscape of Triple Negative Breast Cancers Expressing CTLA-4. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1206. [PMID: 32850353 PMCID: PMC7419680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a poor prognosis, partly because of the absence of targeted therapies. Recognition of the key role of immune responses against cancer has allowed the advent of immunotherapy, focused on the inhibition of negative immune checkpoints, such as CTLA-4. CTLA-4 is also expressed in some cancer cells, but its activity in tumor cells is not completely understood. Thus, the aim of the present work was to determine the biological landscape and functions of CTLA-4 expressed in TNBC cells through preclinical and in silico analysis. Exploration of CTLA-4 by immunohistochemistry in 50 TNBC tumors revealed membrane and cytoplasmic expression at different intensities. Preclinical experiments, using TNBC cell lines, showed that stimulation of CTLA-4 with CD80 enhances activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, while CTLA-4 blockade by Ipilimumab induces the activation of AKT and reduces cell proliferation in vitro. We then developed an analytic pipeline to define the effects of CTLA-4 in available public data that allowed us to identify four distinct tumor clusters associated with CTLA-4 activation, which are characterized by enrichment of distinctive pathways associated with cell adhesion, MAPK signaling, TGF-ß, VEGF, TNF-α, drug metabolism, ion and amino acid transport, and KRAS signaling, among others. In addition, blockade of CTLA-4 induced increased secretion of IL-2 by tumor cells, suggesting that the receptor regulates cellular functions that may impact the immune microenvironment. This is relevant because a deep characterization of immune infiltrate, conducted using public data to estimate the abundancies of immune-cell types, showed that CTLA-4-activated-like tumors present a conditional immune state similar to an escape phenotype exploited by cancer cells. Finally, by interrogating transcriptional predictors of immunotherapy response, we defined that CTLA-4 activation correlates with high immune scores related to good clinical predicted responses to anti-CTLA-4 therapy. This work sheds new light on the roles of activated CLTA-4 in the tumor compartment and suggests an important interplay between tumor CLTA-4-activated portraits and immune-infiltrating cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G C Navarrete-Bernal
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mayte G Cervantes-Badillo
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - César O Lara-Torres
- American British Cowdray Medical Center, Pathology Service, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Biochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - María de Jesús Ibarra-Sánchez
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Esparza-López
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan J Montesinos
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Víctor Adrián Cortés-Morales
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Diego Osorio-Pérez
- American British Cowdray Medical Center, Cancer Center, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Romero-Córdoba
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Biochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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35
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Moradi M, Gholipour H, Sepehri H, Attari F, Delphi L, Arefian E, Moridi Farimani M. Flavonoid calycopterin triggers apoptosis in triple-negative and ER-positive human breast cancer cells through activating different patterns of gene expression. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:2145-2156. [PMID: 32617603 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of death related to cancer in women, and several studies proved that flavonoids could induce apoptosis in this cancer through different pathways. Calycopterin is a flavonoid which was shown to induce preferential antiproliferative effects on some cancers; however, no information is available on its effect on breast cancer. Therefore, in this paper, the apoptotic effect of calycopterin and its underlying mechanism in two different breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines were investigated. MTT assay showed that calycopterin reduced the proliferation of both cancer lines with no adverse effect on normal cells. The clonogenic assay showed that calycopterin treatments decreased the colony numbers and sizes, and wound healing assay demonstrated the inhibition of migration in both cancer cells. Cell cycle and annexin/PI analyses indicated that calycopterin augmented sub-G1 population and annexin/PI-positive cells. Gene expression revealed that Bax/Bcl2 increased in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, while no change was observed in that of the MCF7 line. Expression of gene caspase-8 was augmented in both lines, although increased expression of caspase-3 was found just in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results validated the apoptotic effect of calycopterin on both breast cancer lines with more potency on triple-negative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Moradi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Gholipour
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houri Sepehri
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farnoosh Attari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ladan Delphi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Molecular Virology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moridi Farimani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Johnson J, Chow Z, Napier D, Lee E, Weiss HL, Evers BM, Rychahou P. Targeting PI3K and AMPKα Signaling Alone or in Combination to Enhance Radiosensitivity of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051253. [PMID: 32438621 PMCID: PMC7291172 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype and is characterized by poor survival. Radiotherapy plays an important role in treating TNBC. The purpose of this study was to determine whether inhibiting the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways alone or in combination potentiates radiotherapy in TNBC. AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 knockdown diminished cyclin D1 expression and induced G1 cell cycle arrest but did not induce apoptosis alone or in combination with radiotherapy. Next, we analyzed the role of PI3K p85α, p85β, p110α, p110β, Akt1, and Akt2 proteins on TNBC cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction. Akt1 and p110α knockdown diminished cyclin D1 expression and induced apoptosis. Silencing Akt1 promoted synergistic apoptosis induction during radiotherapy and further reduced survival after radiation. Treatment with the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206 48 h after radiotherapy decreased Akt1 levels and potentiated radiation-induced apoptosis. Together, our results demonstrate that AMPKα, p110α, and Akt1 promote TNBC proliferation and that Akt1 is a key regulator of radiosensitivity in TNBC. Importantly, combining radiotherapy with the pharmacological inhibition of Akt1 expression is a potentially promising approach for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Johnson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Zeta Chow
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (Z.C.); (D.N.); (H.L.W.); (B.M.E.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Dana Napier
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (Z.C.); (D.N.); (H.L.W.); (B.M.E.)
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Heidi L. Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (Z.C.); (D.N.); (H.L.W.); (B.M.E.)
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (Z.C.); (D.N.); (H.L.W.); (B.M.E.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (Z.C.); (D.N.); (H.L.W.); (B.M.E.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-85-9-323-9285
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37
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Gupta G, Lee CD, Guye ML, Van Sciver RE, Lee MP, Lafever AC, Pang A, Tang-Tan AM, Winston JS, Samli B, Jansen RJ, Hoefer RA, Tang AH. Unmet Clinical Need: Developing Prognostic Biomarkers and Precision Medicine to Forecast Early Tumor Relapse, Detect Chemo-Resistance and Improve Overall Survival in High-Risk Breast Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:48-57. [PMID: 32542231 PMCID: PMC7295150 DOI: 10.36959/739/525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemo-resistant breast cancer is a major barrier to curative treatment for a significant number of women with breast cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is standard first- line treatment for most women diagnosed with high-risk TNBC, HER2+, and locally advanced ER+ breast cancer. Current clinical prognostic tools evaluate four clinicopathological factors: Tumor size, LN status, pathological stage, and tumor molecular subtype. However, many similarly treated patients with identical residual cancer burden (RCB) following NACT experience distinctly different tumor relapse rates, clinical outcomes and survival. This problem is particularly apparent for incomplete responders with a high-risk RCB classification following NACT. Therefore, there is a pressing need to identify new prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and develop novel curative therapies to augment current standard of care (SOC) treatment regimens to save more lives. Here, we will discuss these unmet needs and clinical challenges that stand in the way of precision medicine and personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, USA
| | - Caroline Dasom Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, USA
| | - Mary L Guye
- Sentara Surgery Specialists, Sentara CarePlex Hospital, USA.,Sentara Cancer Network, Sentara Hospital Systems, USA
| | - Robert E Van Sciver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, USA
| | - Michael P Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, USA
| | - Alex C Lafever
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, USA
| | - Anthony Pang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, USA
| | - Angela M Tang-Tan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, USA
| | - Janet S Winston
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Sciences Medical Group, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, USA
| | - Billur Samli
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Sciences Medical Group, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, USA
| | - Rick J Jansen
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, USA
| | - Richard A Hoefer
- Sentara Cancer Network, Sentara Hospital Systems, USA.,Dorothy G. Hoefer Foundation, Sentara CarePlex Hospital, USA
| | - Amy H Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, USA
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38
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Alexandrova E, Lamberti J, Saggese P, Pecoraro G, Memoli D, Mirici Cappa V, Ravo M, Iorio R, Tarallo R, Rizzo F, Collina F, Cantile M, Di Bonito M, Botti G, Nassa G, Weisz A, Giurato G. Small Non-Coding RNA Profiling Identifies miR-181a-5p as a Mediator of Estrogen Receptor Beta-Induced Inhibition of Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040874. [PMID: 32260128 PMCID: PMC7226848 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, representing the most aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtype with limited treatment options due to a lack of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), and Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (HER2/neu) expression. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is present in a fraction of TNBC patients, where its expression correlates with improved patient outcomes, supported by the fact that it exerts oncosuppressive effects in TNBC cell models in vitro. ERβ is involved in microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression in hormone-responsive BC cells and could mediate its actions through small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in TNBCs also. To verify this possibility, smallRNA sequencing was performed on three ERβ-expressing cell lines from different TNBC molecular subtypes. Several sncRNAs resulted modulated by ERβ, with a subset being regulated in a tumor subtype-independent manner. Interestingly, sncRNA profiling of 12 ERβ+and 32 ERβ− primary TNBC biopsies identified 7 microRNAs, 1 PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), and 1 transfer RNA (tRNA) differentially expressed in ERβ+ compared to ERβ− tumors and cell lines. Among them, miR-181a-5p was found to be overexpressed in ERβ+ tumors and predicted target key components of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway previously found to be inhibited by ERβ in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Genomix4Life Srl, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Jessica Lamberti
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Pasquale Saggese
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Giovanni Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Domenico Memoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valeria Mirici Cappa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Ravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Genomix4Life Srl, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesca Collina
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Cantile
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Bonito
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (G.G.); Tel.: + 39-089-965043 (A.W.)
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (G.G.); Tel.: + 39-089-965043 (A.W.)
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Luo Y, Kishi S, Sasaki T, Ohmori H, Fujiwara-Tani R, Mori S, Goto K, Nishiguchi Y, Mori T, Kawahara I, Kondoh M, Kuniyasu H. Targeting claudin-4 enhances chemosensitivity in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1840-1850. [PMID: 32086991 PMCID: PMC7226188 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by highly aggressive phenotype, limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic effect of anti–claudin (CLDN)‐4 extracellular domain antibody, 4D3, on TNBC. When the expression of CLDN4 and CLDN1 in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was examined in 114 IDC (78 cases from 2004 to 2009 in a single center and 36 cases of tissues array), CLDN1 had lower expression than CLDN4 and was correlated with histological grade. In contrast, expression of CLDN4 was correlated with histological grade, receptor subtype, and stage. CLDN4 expression in human IDC cell lines MCF‐7 (luminal subtype) and MDA‐468 (TNBC) was at the same level. In both cells, paclitaxel (PTX)‐induced growth suppression was enhanced by 4D3. Furthermore, 4D3 increased both intracellular PTX concentration (in both cells) and apoptosis. In the mouse model, 4D3 promoted the antitumor effect of PTX on subcutaneous tumors and reduced lung metastasis. The combination of PTX and 4D3 reduced M2 macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells in the tumor. 4D3 also reduced stemness of the tumors and increased the intratumoral pH. Moreover, concurrent treatment with 4D3, PTX and tamoxifen, or with PTX and tamoxifen in MDA‐468 also showed the same level of antitumor activity and survival as MCF‐7. Furthermore, in a bone metastasis model, combination of PTX and bisphosphonate with 4D3 promoted tumor growth in both cells. Thus, CLDN4 targeting of the antibody facilitated existing therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Japan
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takuya Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Isao Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Drug Innovation Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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Ma W, Sun J, Xu J, Luo Z, Diao D, Zhang Z, Oberly PJ, Minnigh MB, Xie W, Poloyac SM, Huang Y, Li S. Sensitizing Triple Negative Breast Cancer to Tamoxifen Chemotherapy via a Redox-Responsive Vorinostat-containing Polymeric Prodrug Nanocarrier. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2463-2478. [PMID: 32194813 PMCID: PMC7052901 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent and unmet need to develop effective therapies for triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) which are much more aggressive and have poor prognosis due to lack of receptor targets for Her2-targeted and endocrine therapy. In this study we systematically evaluated the effect of Vorinostat (SAHA, a pan-HDAC inhibitor) in reactivating the expression of functional estrogen receptor α (ERα) and synergizing with tamoxifen (TAM, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator) in antitumor activity. In addition, a SAHA prodrug-based dual functional nanocarrier was developed for codelivery of SAHA and TAM for effective combination therapy. Methods: A SAHA-containing polymeric nanocarrier, POEG-co-PVDSAHA was developed via reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization with SAHA incorporated into the polymer through a redox-responsive disulfide linkage. The effect of both free SAHA and POEG-co-PVDSAHA on reactivating the expression of functional ERα was investigated in several human and murine TNBC cell lines via examining the mRNA and protein expression of ERα target genes. The cytotoxicity of free SAHA and TAM combination and TAM-loaded POEG-co-PVDSAHA micelles was examined via MTT assay. The in vivo antitumor activity of TAM-loaded POEG-co-PVDSAHA was investigated in a murine breast cancer model (4T1.2). Results: Both free SAHA and POEG-co-PVDSAHA were effective in inducing the reexpression of functional estrogen receptor α (ERα), which may have helped to sensitize TNBCs to TAM. More importantly, POEG-co-PVDSAHA self-assembled to form small-sized micellar carrier that is effective in formulating and codelivery of TAM. TAM-loaded POEG-co-PVDSAHA micelles exhibited enhanced and synergistic cytotoxicity against TNBC cell lines compared with free SAHA, free TAM and TAM loaded into a pharmacologically inert control carrier (POEG-co-PVMA). In addition, codelivery of TAM via POEG-co-PVDSAHA micelles led to significantly improved antitumor efficacy in 4T1.2 tumor model compared with other groups such as combination of free SAHA and TAM and TAM-loaded POEG-co-PVMA micelles. Conclusion: Our prodrug-based co-delivery system may provide an effective and simple strategy to re-sensitize TNBCs to TAM-based hormone therapy.
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Kourti M, Cai J, Jiang W, Westwell AD. Structural Modifications on CORM-3 Lead to Enhanced Anti-angiogenic Properties Against Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells. Med Chem 2019; 17:40-59. [PMID: 31808392 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666191206102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) are a special class of organometallic complexes that have been reported to offer beneficial effects against different conditions including several subtypes of cancer. Especially for the aggressive and poorly treated triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC), early CORMs have been shown to diminish malignant angiogenesis and may be considered as an alternative approach. So, this study aimed at testing novel CORM molecules against angiogenesis in TNBC seeking potent drug candidates for new therapies. METHODS Based on previous studies, CORM-3 was chosen as the lead compound and a group of 15 new ruthenium-based CORMs was synthesized and subsequently evaluated in vitro for potential anti-angiogenic properties. RESULTS A similar anti-angiogenic behaviour to the lead complex was observed and a new CORM, complex 4, emerged as a promising agent from this study. Specifically, this complex offered better inhibition of the activation of VEGFR2 and other downstream proteins of vascular endothelial cells. Complex 4 also retained the ability of the parent molecule to reduce the upregulated VEGF expression from TNBC cells and inhibit endothelial cell migration and new vessel formation. The lack of significant cytotoxicity and the downregulating activity over the cytoprotective enzyme haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in cancer cells may also favour CORMs against this poorly treated subtype of breast cancer. CONCLUSION Since the anti-angiogenic approach is one of the few available targeted strategies against TNBC, both CORM-3 and the new complex 4 should be considered for further research as combination agents with existing anti-angiogenic drugs for more effective treatment of malignant angiogenesis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malamati Kourti
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Cai
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Wen Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Westwell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
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Guan X, Gu S, Yuan M, Zheng X, Wu J. MicroRNA-33a-5p overexpression sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to doxorubicin by inhibiting eIF5A2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5986-5994. [PMID: 31788073 PMCID: PMC6865640 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a significant obstacle when treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Several studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) have essential roles in regulating drug resistance in different types of cancer. miR-33a-5p has previously been reported to be a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer. However, its role in breast cancer remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-33a-5p in the chemoresistance of TNBC and uncover its potential molecular mechanisms. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to examine cell proliferation, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was used to examine miR-33a levels, and western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to examine the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins and of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (eIF5A2). The results indicated that miR-33a-5p expression was lower in TNBC cells compared with non-TNBC cells. miR-33a-5p overexpression significantly improved the doxorubicin (Dox) sensitivity of TNBC cells, but not that of non-TNBC cells. It was then observed that Dox treatment inhibited miR-33a-5p expression and induced EMT in TNBC cells, by increasing the expression levels of vimentin, while decreasing the expression levels of E-cadherin. Furthermore, it was revealed that forced expression of miR-33a-5p attenuated Dox-induced EMT. eIF5A2 was identified as a potential target of miR-33a-5p, and miR-33a-5p overexpression inhibited the expression of eIF5A2. eIF5A2 inhibition, via its inhibitor GC7, sensitized TNBC cells to Dox and reversed Dox-induced EMT. Overall, the present study demonstrated that miR-33a-5p enhanced the sensitivity of TNBC cells to Dox, by suppressing eIF5A2 expression and reversing Dox-induced EMT, providing a potential therapeutic target for treating drug-resistant TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Shucheng Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Mu Yuan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxin Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
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Nakhjavani M, Hardingham JE, Palethorpe HM, Price TJ, Townsend AR. Druggable Molecular Targets for the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2019; 22:341-361. [PMID: 31598336 PMCID: PMC6769384 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2019.22.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is still the most common cancer among women worldwide. Amongst the subtypes of BC, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by deficient expression of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 receptors. These patients are therefore not given the option of targeted therapy and have worse prognosis as a result. Consequently, much research has been devoted to identifying specific molecular targets that can be utilized for targeted cancer therapy, thereby limiting the progression and metastasis of this invasive tumor, and improving patient outcomes. In this review, we have focused on the molecular targets in TNBC, categorizing these into targets within the immune system such as immune checkpoint modulators, intra-nuclear targets, intracellular targets, and cell surface targets. The aim of this review is to introduce and summarize the known targets and drugs under investigation in phase II or III clinical trials, while introducing additional possible targets for future drug development. This review brings a tangible benefit to cancer researchers who seek a comprehensive comparison of TNBC treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nakhjavani
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jennifer E Hardingham
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Helen M Palethorpe
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tim J Price
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, Australia
| | - Amanda R Townsend
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, Australia
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Liu YT, Hsiao CH, Tzang BS, Hsu TC. In vitro and in vivo effects of traditional Chinese medicine formula T33 in human breast cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:211. [PMID: 31409331 PMCID: PMC6693224 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Although traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is commonly used by patients with breast cancer, little is known about TCM prescriptions for breast cancer. This study investigated the effects of a new TCM formula, T33, comprising Radix Kansui, Rheum rhabarbarum, Paeonia lactiflora, Jiangbanxia, and Zhigancao on breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods To evaluate the effects of T33 on human breast cancer, HMEpiC, MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of T33 and then analyzed using MTT and Transwell migration assays. To elucidate the involvement of autophagy in the T33-induced death of MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells, immunofluorescence staining with LC3-II-specific antibodies was performed. Tumor xenografts were generated by subcutaneously injecting either MDA-MB231 or MCF-7 cells into BALB/c nude mice to determine the effects of T33 on these cell lines in vivo. Results The experimental results revealed that 0.1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL T33 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells. Moreover, significant autophagy was observed in MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells in the presence of 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL T33. An animal study further revealed that both low (200 mg/kg) and high (600 mg/kg) doses of T33 inhibited the proliferation of xenografted breast cancer cells in BALB/c nude mice. Conclusion These findings demonstrate for the first time that T33 has potential in the treatment of breast cancer owing to its antiproliferative effects and induction of autophagy.
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Notch Signaling Activation as a Hallmark for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtype. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:8707053. [PMID: 31379945 PMCID: PMC6657611 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8707053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subgroup of 15%-20% of diagnosed breast cancer patients. It is generally considered to be the most difficult breast cancer subtype to deal with, due to the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which usually direct targeted therapies. In this scenario, the current treatments of TNBC-affected patients rely on tumor excision and conventional chemotherapy. As a result, the prognosis is overall poor. Thus, the identification and characterization of targets for novel therapies are urgently required. The Notch signaling pathway has emerged to act in the pathogenesis and tumor progression of TNBCs. Firstly, Notch receptors are associated with the regulation of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) behavior, as well as with the aetiology of TNBCs. Secondly, there is a strong evidence that Notch pathway is a relevant player in mammary cancer stem cells maintenance and expansion. Finally, Notch receptors expression and activation strongly correlate with the aggressive clinicopathological and biological phenotypes of breast cancer (e.g., invasiveness and chemoresistance), which are relevant characteristics of TNBC subtype. The purpose of this up-to-date review is to provide a detailed overview of the specific role of all four Notch receptors (Notch1, Notch2, Notch3, and Notch4) in TNBCs, thus identifying the Notch signaling pathway deregulation/activation as a pathognomonic feature of this breast cancer subtype. Furthermore, this review will also discuss recent information associated with different therapeutic options related to the four Notch receptors, which may be useful to evaluate prognostic or predictive indicators as well as to develop new therapies aimed at improving the clinical outcome of TNBC patients.
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Geenen JJJ, Linn SC, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. PARP Inhibitors in the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 57:427-437. [PMID: 29063517 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-017-0587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, manifesting in a broad differentiation in phenotypes and morphologic profiles, resulting in variable clinical behavior. Between 10 and 20% of all breast cancers are triple negative. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and hormone receptors; therefore, to date, chemotherapy remains the backbone of treatment. TNBC tends to be aggressive and has a high histological grade, resulting in a poor 5-year prognosis. It has a high prevalence of BRCA1 mutations and an increased Ki-67 expression. This subtype usually responds well to taxanes and/or platinum compounds and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Studies with PARP inhibitors have demonstrated promising results in the treatment of BRCA-mutated breast and ovarian cancer, and PARP inhibitors have been studied as monotherapy and in combination with cytotoxic therapy or radiotherapy. PARP inhibitor efficacy on poly (ADP-ribose) polymer (PAR) formation in vivo can be quantified by pharmacodynamic assays that measure PAR activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Biomarkers such as TP53, ATM, PALB2 and RAD51C might be prognostic or predictive indicators for treatment response, and could also provide targets for novel treatment strategies. In summary, this review provides an overview of the treatment options for basal-like TNBC, including PARP inhibitors, and focuses on the pharmacotherapeutic options in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill J J Geenen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands. .,Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pharmacy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands. .,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Johnson J, Rychahou P, Sviripa VM, Weiss HL, Liu C, Watt DS, Evers BM. Induction of AMPK activation by N,N'-diarylurea FND-4b decreases growth and increases apoptosis in triple negative and estrogen-receptor positive breast cancers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209392. [PMID: 30875375 PMCID: PMC6420029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal and aggressive subtype of breast cancer. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major energy regulator that suppresses tumor growth, and 1-(3-chloro-4-((trifluoromethyl)thio)phenyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)urea (FND-4b) is a novel AMPK activator that inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in colon cancer. The purpose of this project was to test the effects of FND-4b on AMPK activation, proliferation, and apoptosis in breast cancer with a particular emphasis on TNBC. Materials and methods (i) Estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer (ER+BC; MCF-7, and T-47D), TNBC (MDA-MB-231 and HCC-1806), and breast cancer stem cells were treated with FND-4b for 24h. Immunoblot analysis assessed AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), ribosomal protein S6, cyclin D1, and cleaved PARP. (ii) Sulforhodamine B growth assays were performed after treating ER+BC and TNBC cells with FND-4b for 72h. Proliferation was also assessed by counting cells after 72h of FND-4b treatment. (iii) Cell death ELISA assays were performed after treating ER+BC and TNBC cells with FND-4b for 72h. Results (i) FND-4b increased AMPK activation with concomitant decreases in ACC activity, phosphorylated S6, and cyclin D1 in all subtypes. (ii) FND-4b decreased proliferation in all cells, while dose-dependent growth decreases were found in ER+BC and TNBC. (iii) Increases in apoptosis were observed in ER+BC and the MDA-MB-231 cell line with FND-4b treatment. Conclusions Our findings indicate that FND-4b decreases proliferation for a variety of breast cancers by activating AMPK and has notable effects on TNBC. The growth reductions were mediated through decreases in fatty acid synthesis (ACC), mTOR signaling (S6), and cell cycle flux (cyclin D1). ER+BC cells were more susceptible to FND-4b-induced apoptosis, but MDA-MB-231 cells still underwent apoptosis with higher dose treatment. Further development of FND compounds could result in a novel therapeutic for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Johnson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Vitaliy M. Sviripa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Heidi L. Weiss
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Chunming Liu
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - David S. Watt
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kourti M, Westwell A, Jiang W, Cai J. Repurposing old carbon monoxide-releasing molecules towards the anti-angiogenic therapy of triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1132-1148. [PMID: 30800223 PMCID: PMC6383690 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the lack of expression of the oestrogen and progesterone receptors and HER-2. Recently, carbon monoxide (CO) was found to behave as an important endogenous signalling molecule and to suppress VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and protein kinase B phosphorylation. Given that anti-angiogenic drugs exist as one of the few available targeted therapies against TNBC, the aim of this project was to study the effects of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) on TNBC cell lines and the associated endothelial cells and characterise their anti-angiogenic properties that can be used for the reduction of cancer-driven angiogenesis. Four commercially available CORMs were screened for their cytotoxicity, their effects on cell metabolism, migration, VEGF expression, tube formation and VEGFR-2 activation. The most important result was the reduction in VEGF levels expressed by CORM-treated TNBC cells, along with the inhibition of phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and downstream proteins. The migration and tube formation ability of endothelial cells was also decreased by CORMs, justifying a potential re-purposing of old CORMs towards the anti-angiogenic therapy of TNBC. The additional favourable low cytotoxicity, reduction in the glycolysis levels and downregulation of haem oxygenase-1 in TNBC cells enhance the potential of CORMs against TNBC. In this study, CORM-2 remained the most effective CORM and we propose that CORM-2 may be pursued further as an additional agent in combination with existing anti-angiogenic therapies for a more successful targeting of malignant angiogenesis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malamati Kourti
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Andrew Westwell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Wen Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jun Cai
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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49
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Wang X, Chen T, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Li C, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhao W, Chen B, Wang L, Yang Q. Long noncoding RNA Linc00339 promotes triple‐negative breast cancer progression through miR‐377‐3p/HOXC6 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13303-13317. [PMID: 30618083 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
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50
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Kim E, Kim HJ, Oh HN, Kwak AW, Kim SN, Kang BY, Cho SS, Shim JH, Yoon G. Cytotoxic Constituents from the Roots of Asarum sieboldii in Human Breast Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2019.25.1.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, South Korea
| | - Ha-Na Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, South Korea
| | - Ah-Won Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, South Korea
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- KIST Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Yun Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, South Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, South Korea
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