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Bolz SN, Salentin S, Jennings G, Haupt VJ, Sterneckert J, Schroeder M. Structural binding site comparisons reveal Crizotinib as a novel LRRK2 inhibitor. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3674-3681. [PMID: 34285770 PMCID: PMC8258795 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are a frequent cause of autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD) and have been associated with familial and sporadic PD. Reducing the kinase activity of LRRK2 is a promising therapeutic strategy since pathogenic mutations increase the kinase activity. Several small-molecule LRRK2 inhibitors are currently under investigation for the treatment of PD. However, drug discovery and development are always accompanied by high costs and a risk of late failure. The use of already approved drugs for a new indication, which is known as drug repositioning, can reduce the cost and risk. In this study, we applied a structure-based drug repositioning approach to identify new LRRK2 inhibitors that are already approved for a different indication. In a large-scale structure-based screening, we compared the protein–ligand interaction patterns of known LRRK2 inhibitors with protein–ligand complexes in the PDB. The screening yielded 6 drug repositioning candidates. Two of these candidates, Sunitinib and Crizotinib, demonstrated an inhibition potency (IC50) and binding affinity (Kd) in the nanomolar to micromolar range. While Sunitinib has already been known to inhibit LRRK2, Crizotinib is a novel LRRK2 binder. Our results underscore the potential of structure-based methods for drug discovery and development. In light of the recent breakthroughs in cryo-electron microscopy and structure prediction, we believe that structure-based approaches like ours will grow in importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Naomi Bolz
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Sebastian Salentin
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Gary Jennings
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - V Joachim Haupt
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Jared Sterneckert
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeder
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, Dresden 01307, Germany
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Vakalopoulos I, Kampantais S, Ioannidis S, Laskaridis L, Dimopoulos P, Toutziaris C, Koptsis M, Henry GD, Katsikas V. High patient satisfaction after inflatable penile prostheses implantation correlates with female partner satisfaction. J Sex Med 2013; 10:2774-81. [PMID: 24034543 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient and female partner satisfaction after implantation of an inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) assessed by objective means, and the correlation between the partners, is important for determining postoperative sexual life. AIM The primary goal was to evaluate patients' erectile function and patients' and their partners' satisfaction after IPP implantation. A secondary aim was to investigate potential determinative factors of satisfaction according to device characteristics, demographics, and cause of erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS Ninety patients, who underwent IPP implantation as an alternative to refractory or undesirable medical treatment for ED, were evaluated. Patients who could not or refused to participate, or were out of a relationship, were excluded. The 69 remaining patients were evaluated for their pre- and postoperative erectile function and posttreatment satisfaction for themselves and their partners. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preoperative and postoperative scores on the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire-five items (IIEF-5) were compared. The Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) was given to males and their female partners. Patient demographics, etiology of ED, and implant characteristics were correlated also with patients' EDITS scores. RESULTS Mean IIEF-5 scores demonstrated a significant improvement after IPP implantation: from 8.88±3.75 to 20.97±4.37 (P<0.001). The mean patients' EDITS score was 75.48±20.54, whereas mean female partners' score was 70.00±22.92, highlighting high posttreatment satisfaction for both. Regression analysis suggested a direct linear correlation of satisfaction between the sexual partners as a degree of satisfaction. There were no statistically significant differences according to level of education or implant characteristics. Concerning the etiology of ED, no conclusions could be made. CONCLUSIONS Overcoming previous limitations in determining post-IPP implantation satisfaction, our study reiterates high rates of patient and partner satisfaction. Of particular note, patient satisfaction appears independent of prosthesis type and cylinder length.
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Porst H, Burnett A, Brock G, Ghanem H, Giuliano F, Glina S, Hellstrom W, Martin-Morales A, Salonia A, Sharlip I. SOP conservative (medical and mechanical) treatment of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2013; 10:130-71. [PMID: 23343170 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the most frequently treated male sexual dysfunction worldwide. ED is a chronic condition that exerts a negative impact on male self-esteem and nearly all life domains including interpersonal, family, and business relationships. AIM The aim of this study is to provide an updated overview on currently used and available conservative treatment options for ED with a special focus on their efficacy, tolerability, safety, merits, and limitations including the role of combination therapies for monotherapy failures. METHODS The methods used were PubMed and MEDLINE searches using the following keywords: ED, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, oral drug therapy, intracavernosal injection therapy, transurethral therapy, topical therapy, and vacuum-erection therapy/constriction devices. Additionally, expert opinions by the authors of this article are included. RESULTS Level 1 evidence exists that changes in sedentary lifestyle with weight loss and optimal treatment of concomitant diseases/risk factors (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) can either improve ED or add to the efficacy of ED-specific therapies, e.g., PDE5 inhibitors. Level 1 evidence also exists that treatment of hypogonadism with total testosterone < 300 ng/dL (10.4 nmol/L) can either improve ED or add to the efficacy of PDE5 inhibitors. There is level 1 evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of the following monotherapies in a spectrum-wide range of ED populations: PDE5 inhibitors, intracavernosal injection therapy with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1, synonymous alprostadil) or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/phentolamine, and transurethral PGE1 therapy. There is level 2 evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of the following ED treatments: vacuum-erection therapy in a wide range of ED populations, oral L-arginine (3-5 g), topical PGE1 in special ED populations, intracavernosal injection therapy with papaverine/phentolamine (bimix), or papaverine/phentolamine/PGE1 (trimix) combination mixtures. There is level 3 evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of oral yohimbine in nonorganic ED. There is level 3 evidence that combination therapies of PDE5 inhibitors + either transurethral or intracavernosal injection therapy generate better efficacy rates than either monotherapy alone. There is level 4 evidence showing enhanced efficacy with the combination of vacuum-erection therapy + either PDE5 inhibitor or transurethral PGE1 or intracavernosal injection therapy. There is level 5 evidence (expert opinion) that combination therapy of PDE5 inhibitors + L-arginine or daily dosing of tadalafil + short-acting PDE5 inhibitors pro re nata may rescue PDE5 inhibitor monotherapy failures. There is level 5 evidence (expert opinion) that adding either PDE5 inhibitors or transurethral PGE1 may improve outcome of penile prosthetic surgery regarding soft (cold) glans syndrome. There is level 5 evidence (expert opinion) that the combination of PDE5 inhibitors and dapoxetine is effective and safe in patients suffering from both ED and premature ejaculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Porst
- Private Urological/Andrological Practice, Hamburg, Germany.
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Vlachopoulos C, Terentes-Printzios D, Ioakeimidis N, Rokkas K, Samentzas A, Aggelis A, Kardara D, Stefanadis C. Beneficial Effect of Vardenafil on Aortic Stiffness and Wave Reflections. J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 52:1215-1221. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270011413586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Rezvanfar MA, Rahimi HR, Abdollahi M. ADMET considerations for phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:1231-45. [PMID: 22769968 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.698610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profiling is an important aspect of all drug developments. The pharmaceutical industry must always consider ADMET properties in order to optimize drug candidates and to introduce new formulations against existing marketed drugs. Consequently, candidate drug development may be halted early in the discovery phase or during the more costly drug development process because of their poor ADMET properties. AREAS COVERED The main focus of this article is ADMET profiling, pharmacokinetic (PK) drug interactions, mechanisms and possible adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for approved phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is). The authors also look at the efficacy and non-erectogenic benefits of current PDE5Is, which are widely used by patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). The authors also discuss other unapproved PDE5Is such as aildenafil and udenafil, which are currently in use in clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION The authors believe that the enhancing effect of PDE5Is on the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway means that PDE5Is could be used to treat various conditions. An important issue in their development is 'cross-talk' between PDE5 and other PDEs and thus their specificity for other PDEs. But while it might be difficult to achieve the ideal ADMET profile, it should not necessarily prevent further development of a lead PDE5I. The risk assessment of PDE5Is, with respect to their ADMET properties, is therefore very important for predicting drug-drug interactions, possible side effects, ADRs and its future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rezvanfar
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran
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Bol SM, Booiman T, Bunnik EM, Moerland PD, van Dort K, Strauss JF, Sieberer M, Schuitemaker H, Kootstra NA, van 't Wout AB. Polymorphism in HIV-1 dependency factor PDE8A affects mRNA level and HIV-1 replication in primary macrophages. Virology 2011; 420:32-42. [PMID: 21920574 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Four genome-wide RNAi screens have recently identified hundreds of HIV-1 dependency factors (HDFs). Previously, we reported a large variation in the ability of HIV-1 to replicate in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) derived from >400 healthy seronegative blood donors. Here we determined whether SNPs in genes encoding newly identified HDFs were associated with this variation in HIV-1 replication. We found a significant association between the minor allele of SNP rs2304418 in phosphodiesterase 8A (PDE8A) and lower HIV-1 replication (p=2.4×10(-6)). The minor allele of SNP rs2304418 was also significantly associated with lower PDE8A mRNA levels in MDM (p=8.3×10(-5)). In accordance with this, overexpression of PDE8A in HEK293T cells resulted in increased HIV-1 replication, while subsequent knock-down of PDE8A decreased replication. This study links host genetic variation in a newly identified HDF to variation in HIV-1 replication in a relevant primary target cell for HIV-1 and may provide new leads for treatment of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan M Bol
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory and Center for Infection and Immunity at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vardenafil Enhances Oxytocin Expression in the Paraventricular Nucleus without Sexual Stimulation. Int Neurourol J 2010; 14:213-9. [PMID: 21253331 PMCID: PMC3021811 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2010.14.4.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxytocin is associated with the ability to form normal social attachments. c-Fos is an immediate early gene whose expression is used as a marker for stimulus-induced changes in neurons. The effect of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors on oxytocin activation in the brain without sexual stimuli has not yet been reported. In the present study, we investigated the effects of vardenafil on oxytocin and c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of conscious rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300±10 g were divided into 6 groups (n=5 in each group): the control group, the 1-day-0.5 mg/kg, the 1-day-1 mg/kg, the 1-day-2 mg/kg, the 3-day-1 mg/kg, and the 7-day-1 mg/kg vardenafil administration group. The experiment was conducted without sexual stimulation. Vardenafil was orally administered. The animals in the control group received an equivalent amount of distilled water orally. The expression of oxytocin and c-Fos in the PVN was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Oxytocin expression in the PVN was increased by 1 day administration of 2 mg/kg vardenafil, and this effect of vardenafil appeared in a duration-dependent manner. c-Fos in the oxytocin neurons of the PVN was increased by 1 day administration of 2 mg/kg vardenafil, and this effect of vardenafil also appeared in a duration-dependent manner. These results showed that vardenafil augments the expression of oxytocin with activation of oxytocin neurons in the PVN. Conclusions In this study, we showed that the PDE-5 inhibitor, vardenafil directly enhances oxytocin expression and also activates oxytocin neurons in the PVN, which indicates that vardenafil may exert positive effects on affiliation behavior and social interaction.
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Chang LL, Ma M, Allmen HV, Henderson SC, Harper K, Hornbuckle K. Co-possession of phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE5-I) with nitrates. Curr Med Res Opin 2010; 26:1451-9. [PMID: 20394470 DOI: 10.1185/03007991003771874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estimate the proportion of phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor (PDE5-I) patients who co-possess nitrates and compare the proportion of tadalafil patients dispensed nitrates to a matched control group. Secondarily, examine the percentage of co-possession of PDE5-Is and nitrates where the products were dispensed on the same day or written by the same prescriber. METHODS Male patients aged 18+ years filling PDE5-I prescriptions between December 2003 and March 2006 were identified using a U.S. longitudinal prescription database (IMS Health LRx). Similar patients not dispensed a PDE5-I during this period were matched to the tadalafil-dispensed cohort using a propensity score approach. Co-possession, as a proxy for concurrent use, was defined as an overlap in time on therapy for a PDE5-I and nitrate and was compared for the three PDE5-Is and for tadalafil to the matched control group. RESULTS Among 601,063 tadalafil patients, 3.31% were dispensed a nitrate during the study period, compared to 6.18% in control patients (n = 601,063). When co-possessed prescriptions were defined by overlapping exposure periods, the proportion of PDE5-I patients with co-possessed nitrates ranged from 1.44% (tadalafil) to 1.72% (vardenafil) and 2.13% (sildenafil). Co-possession percentages of PDE5-I prescriptions were 0.83% for tadalafil and 1.07% for sildenafil and vardenafil. The majority (54.29%) of co-possessed PDE5-I and nitrate prescriptions had the nitrate dispensed prior to the PDE5-I prescription identified in the study cohort. CONCLUSIONS Keeping in mind the limitations of observational studies, these results suggest that co-dispensing of nitrates and PDE5-Is is low. Compared to control patients, the proportion of nitrate co-possession was lowest for patients filling tadalafil. Tadalafil patients also had the lowest co-possessed proportion among the three PDE5-I cohorts. While the majority of co-possessed drug pairs were prescribed by different providers, the highest percentage of co-prescribing from the same physician was among cardiologists. These results suggest that physicians adhere to contraindications and are careful about co-prescribing of nitrates with PDE-5Is.
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Kim TS, Ko IG, Sung YH, Kim SE, Kim BK, Park SK, Shin MS, Kim CJ, Yoon SJ, Kim KH. Vardenafil increases cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus through enhancement of serotonin expression in the rat dorsal raphe. J Korean Med Sci 2009; 24:1099-104. [PMID: 19949666 PMCID: PMC2775858 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2009.24.6.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vardenafil (Levitra), a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, on cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and on 5-hyroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) synthesis and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) expression in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups (n=5 in each group): a control group, a 0.5 mg/kg-1 day vardenafil-treated group, a 1 mg/kg-1 day vardenafil-treated group, a 2 mg/kg-1 day vardenafil-treated group, a 1 mg/kg-3 day vardenafil-treated group, and a 1 mg/kg-7 day vardenafil-treated group. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry was then performed to evaluate cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus. In addition, 5-HT and TPH immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate serotonin expression in the dorsal raphe. The results revealed that treatment with vardenafil increased cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus and enhanced 5-HT synthesis and TPH expression in the dorsal raphe in a dose- and duration-dependent manner. The findings demonstrate that the increasing effect of vardenafil on cell proliferation is closely associated with the enhancing effect of vardenafil on serotonin expression under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Soo Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Sung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Kook Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Yoon
- Department of Urology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
| | - Khae-Hawn Kim
- Department of Urology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
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Sakamoto M, Nakai T, Fukutomi K, Yanagisawa H, Kawasaki T. Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazin-5-ones through [4+2] Cycloaddition of 1,2,4-Triaza-1,3-dienes with Diphenylketene. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(d)28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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A randomised, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of twice-daily vardenafil in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol 2008; 53:1236-44. [PMID: 18281145 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is associated with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and reduced patient quality of life (QoL). Phosphodiesterase (type) 5 (PDE5) inhibitors such as vardenafil are commonly used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), but have also been shown to improve the symptoms of BPH. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of vardenafil on LUTS and QoL in men with BPH/LUTS, with or without concomitant ED. METHODS Men aged 45-64 yr with BPH/LUTS and an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) > or =12 were randomised to receive either 10mg vardenafil or placebo twice daily. LUTS were assessed with the use of two primary efficacy parameters, IPSS score and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), as well as postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume; ED was measured with the use of the erectile function (EF) domain score of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-EF); and QoL was assessed with the Urolifetrade mark QoL-9 questionnaire. RESULTS After 8 wk of treatment, there was a significant improvement in the IPSS total score in the vardenafil group compared with placebo (-5.9 and -3.6, respectively; p=0.0013). Nominally significant improvements in irritative and obstructive IPSS subscores (p=0.0017 and p=0.0081, respectively), EF (p=0.0001), and Urolife QoL-9 (p<0.0001) were also associated with vardenafil treatment. Qmax and PVR urine volume did not change significantly with treatment, although baseline values were already considered close to normal. Vardenafil was generally well tolerated, with most adverse events considered mild or moderate in severity. CONCLUSIONS Vardenafil treatment significantly improved LUTS, EF, and QoL in men with BPH/LUTS. Vardenafil may be considered a promising treatment option for men with symptoms secondary to BPH.
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Sandner P, Svenstrup N, Tinel H, Haning H, Bischoff E. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors and erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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