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Zhang WW, Li L, Li D, Liu J, Li X, Li W, Xu X, Zhang MJ, Chandler LA, Lin H, Hu A, Xu W, Lam DMK. The First Approved Gene Therapy Product for Cancer Ad-p53 (Gendicine): 12 Years in the Clinic. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 29:160-179. [PMID: 29338444 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gendicine (recombinant human p53 adenovirus), developed by Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., was approved in 2003 by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) as a first-in-class gene therapy product to treat head and neck cancer, and entered the commercial market in 2004. Gendicine is a biological therapy that is delivered via minimally invasive intratumoral injection, as well as by intracavity or intravascular infusion. The wild-type (wt) p53 protein expressed by Gendicine-transduced cells is a tumor suppressor that is activated by cellular stress, and mediates cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair, or induces apoptosis, senescence, and/or autophagy, depending upon cellular stress conditions. Based on 12 years of commercial use in >30,000 patients, and >30 published clinical studies, Gendicine has exhibited an exemplary safety record, and when combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy has demonstrated significantly higher response rates than for standard therapies alone. In addition to head and neck cancer, Gendicine has been successfully applied to treat various other cancer types and different stages of disease. Thirteen published studies that include long-term survival data showed that Gendicine combination regimens yield progression-free survival times that are significantly longer than standard therapies alone. Although the p53 gene is mutated in >50% of all human cancers, p53 mutation status did not significantly influence efficacy outcomes and long-term survival rate for Ad-p53-treated patients. To date, Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech has manufactured 41 batches of Gendicine in compliance with CFDA QC/QA requirements, and 169,571 vials (1.0 × 1012 vector particles per vial) have been used to treat patients. No serious adverse events have been reported, except for vector-associated transient fever, which occurred in 50-60% of patients and persisted for only a few hours. The manufacturing accomplishments and clinical experience with Gendicine, as well as the understanding of its cellular mechanisms of action and implications, could provide valuable insights for the international gene therapy community and add valuable data to promote further developments and advancements in the gene therapy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zhang
- 1 LifeTech Biosciences Group, Hong Kong .,2 Angionetics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Longjiang Li
- 3 State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dinggang Li
- 4 Beijing Haidian Hospital Center for Cancer Gene Therapy, Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Liu
- 5 Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital Cancer Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuqin Li
- 6 China Medical University Shengjing Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- 7 Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- 7 Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Michael J Zhang
- 8 Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Hong Lin
- 7 Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Aiguo Hu
- 7 Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Xu
- 7 Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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2
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Saad MA, Ku J, Kuo SZ, Li PX, Zheng H, Yu MA, Wang-Rodriguez J, Ongkeko WM. Identification and characterization of dysregulated P-element induced wimpy testis-interacting RNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2615-2622. [PMID: 30854037 PMCID: PMC6365962 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is clear that alcohol consumption is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated HNSCC remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to identify and characterize P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and PIWI proteins dysregulated in alcohol-associated HNSCC to elucidate their function in the development of this cancer. Using next generation RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data obtained from 40 HNSCC patients, the piRNA and PIWI protein expression of HNSCC samples was compared between alcohol drinkers and non-drinkers. A separate piRNA expression RNA-seq analysis of 18 non-smoker HNSCC patients was also conducted. To verify piRNA expression, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed on the most differentially expressed alcohol-associated piRNAs in ethanol and acetaldehyde-treated normal oral keratinocytes. The correlation between piRNA expression and patient survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimators and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. A comparison between alcohol drinking and non-drinking HNSCC patients demonstrated that a panel of 3,223 piRNA transcripts were consistently detected and differentially expressed. RNA-seq analysis and in vitro RT-qPCR verification revealed that 4 of these piRNAs, piR-35373, piR-266308, piR-58510 and piR-38034, were significantly dysregulated between drinking and non-drinking cohorts. Of these four piRNAs, low expression of piR-58510 and piR-35373 significantly correlated with improved patient survival. Furthermore, human PIWI-like protein 4 was consistently upregulated in ethanol and acetaldehyde-treated normal oral keratinocytes. These results demonstrate that alcohol consumption may cause dysregulation of piRNA expression in HNSCC and in vitro verifications identified 4 piRNAs that may be involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarouf A Saad
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jonjei Ku
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Selena Z Kuo
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pin Xue Li
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hao Zheng
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Andrew Yu
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jessica Wang-Rodriguez
- Veterans Administration Medical Center and Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Weg M Ongkeko
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Zou AE, Ku J, Honda TK, Yu V, Kuo SZ, Zheng H, Xuan Y, Saad MA, Hinton A, Brumund KT, Lin JH, Wang-Rodriguez J, Ongkeko WM. Transcriptome sequencing uncovers novel long noncoding and small nucleolar RNAs dysregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 21:1122-1134. [PMID: 25904139 PMCID: PMC4436665 DOI: 10.1261/rna.049262.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma persists as one of the most common and deadly malignancies, with early detection and effective treatment still posing formidable challenges. To expand our currently sparse knowledge of the noncoding alterations involved in the disease and identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, we globally profiled the dysregulation of small nucleolar and long noncoding RNAs in head and neck tumors. Using next-generation RNA-sequencing data from 40 pairs of tumor and matched normal tissues, we found 2808 long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts significantly differentially expressed by a fold change magnitude ≥2. Meanwhile, RNA-sequencing analysis of 31 tumor-normal pairs yielded 33 significantly dysregulated small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA). In particular, we identified two dramatically down-regulated lncRNAs and one down-regulated snoRNA whose expression levels correlated significantly with overall patient survival, suggesting their functional significance and clinical relevance in head and neck cancer pathogenesis. We confirmed the dysregulation of these noncoding RNAs in head and neck cancer cell lines derived from different anatomic sites, and determined that ectopic expression of the two lncRNAs inhibited key EMT and stem cell genes and reduced cellular proliferation and migration. As a whole, noncoding RNAs are pervasively dysregulated in head and squamous cell carcinoma. The precise molecular roles of the three transcripts identified warrants further characterization, but our data suggest that they are likely to play substantial roles in head and neck cancer pathogenesis and are significantly associated with patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E Zou
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jonjei Ku
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Thomas K Honda
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Vicky Yu
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Selena Z Kuo
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hao Zheng
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Yinan Xuan
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Maarouf A Saad
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Andrew Hinton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kevin T Brumund
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan H Lin
- Veterans Administration Medical Center and Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92161, USA
| | - Jessica Wang-Rodriguez
- Veterans Administration Medical Center and Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92161, USA
| | - Weg M Ongkeko
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Efficient lung orthotopic tumor-growth suppression of oncolytic adenovirus complexed with RGD-targeted bioreducible polymer. Gene Ther 2014; 21:476-83. [PMID: 24598892 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ad) have been developed for the eradication of tumors. Although they hold much promise as a cancer therapy, they have a short blood circulation time and high liver toxicity. An effective strategy to overcome these problems has been complexing Ad with shielding materials. However, the therapeutic efficacy of the Ad complexes has also been an issue because passive accumulation does not allow for sufficient delivery of Ad to the cancer cells. To enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the polymer-coated Ads, the attachment of a targeting moiety to polymer-coated Ad vectors is inescapable. Our lab has previously reported the potential use of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-targeted bioreducible polymers with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker for delivering oncolytic Ads. We have shown the enhanced in vitro transduction efficiency and increased cancer-killing effect with producing progeny oncolytic Ad particles. In addition, we have shown significant tumor-growth inhibition of the polymer-shielded Ad in an in vivo lung orthotopic tumor model. The shielding effect of the Ad surface with the polymers allowed evasion of host immune responses and reduction of liver toxicity. This data demonstrates that the RGD-conjugated bioreducible polymer for delivering the oncolytic Ad vectors could be utilized for cancer therapy via systemic administration.
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Deng R, Wang X, Liu Y, Yan M, Hanada S, Xu Q, Zhang J, Han Z, Chen W, Zhang P. A new gamboge derivative compound 2 inhibits cancer stem-like cells via suppressing EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:1422-33. [PMID: 24112466 PMCID: PMC4117555 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells represent a population of tumour-initiating cells that lead to the relapse and metastasis of cancer. Conventional anti-cancer therapeutic drugs are usually ineffective in eliminating the cancer stem-like cells. Therefore, new drugs or therapeutic methods effectively targeting cancer stem-like cells are in urgent need to successfully cure cancer. Gamboge is a natural anti-cancer medicine whose pharmacological effects are different from those of conventional chemotherapeutical drugs and they can kill some kinds of cancer cells selectively. In this study, we identified a new gamboge derivative, Compound 2 (C2), which presents eminent suppression effects on cancer cells. Interestingly, when compared with cisplatin (CDDP), C2 effectively suppresses the growth of both cancer stem-like cells and non-cancer stem-like cells derived from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), inhibiting the formation of tumour spheres and colony in vitro, resulting in the loss of expression of multiple cancer stem cell (CSC)-related molecules in HNSCC. Treating with C2 effectively inhibited the growth of HNSCC in BALB/C nude mice. Further investigation found that C2 notably inhibits the activation of epithelial growth factor receptor and the phosphorylation of its downstream protein kinase homo sapiens v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) in HNSCC, resulting in down-regulation of multiple CSC-related molecules in HNSCC. Our study has demonstrated that C2 effectively inhibits the stem-like property of cancer stem-like cells in HNSCC and may be a hopeful targeting drug in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxin Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abhold EL, Kiang A, Rahimy E, Kuo SZ, Wang-Rodriguez J, Lopez JP, Blair KJ, Yu MA, Haas M, Brumund KT, Altuna X, Patel A, Weisman RA, Ongkeko WM. EGFR kinase promotes acquisition of stem cell-like properties: a potential therapeutic target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32459. [PMID: 22384257 PMCID: PMC3288103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the EGFR/ErbB family of tyrosine kinases are found to be highly expressed and deregulated in many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The ErbB family, including EGFR, has been demonstrated to play key roles in metastasis, tumorigenesis, cell proliferation, and drug resistance. Recently, these characteristics have been linked to a small subpopulation of cells classified as cancer stem cells (CSCs) which are believed to be responsible for tumor initiation and maintenance. In this study, we investigated the possible role of EGFR as a regulator of "stemness" in HNSCC cells. Activation of EGFR by the addition of EGF ligand or ectopic expression of EGFR in two established HNSCC cell lines (UMSCC-22B and HN-1) resulted in the induction of CD44, BMI-1, Oct-4, NANOG, CXCR4, and SDF-1. Activation of EGFR also resulted in increased tumorsphere formation, a characteristic ability of cancer stem cells. Conversely, treatment with the EGFR kinase inhibitor, Gefinitib (Iressa), resulted in decreased expression of the aforementioned genes, and loss of tumorsphere-forming ability. Similar trends were observed in a 99.9% CD44 positive stem cell culture derived from a fresh HNSCC tumor, confirming our findings for the cell lines. Additionally, we found that these putative cancer stem cells, when treated with Gefitinib, possessed a lower capacity to invade and became more sensitive to cisplatin-induced death in vitro. These results suggest that EGFR plays critical roles in the survival, maintenance, and function of cancer stem cells. Drugs that target EGFR, perhaps administered in combination with conventional chemotherapy, might be an effective treatment for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L. Abhold
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Alan Kiang
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Elham Rahimy
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Selena Z. Kuo
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Wang-Rodriguez
- Veterans Administration Medical Center and Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jay Patrick Lopez
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine J. Blair
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Andrew Yu
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Martin Haas
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin T. Brumund
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Xabier Altuna
- Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Andrew Patel
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Weisman
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Weg M. Ongkeko
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nemunaitis J, Nemunaitis J. Head and neck cancer: response to p53-based therapeutics. Head Neck 2011; 33:131-4. [PMID: 20222046 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited options are available for patients with advanced stage head and neck cancer. The p53 gene is known as the "guardian of the genome." Mutations of the p53 gene predispose to carcinogenesis. The p53 mutations are common in head and neck cancer. Replacement of p53 gene function in preclinical models demonstrates cancer regression and improved survival. Clinical data with an adenoviral based p53 gene delivery product (Advexin) supports safety and clinical response after direct intratumoral injection. We summarize p53-related therapeutics in this review.
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Schöder H, Fury M, Lee N, Kraus D. PET monitoring of therapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2009; 50 Suppl 1:74S-88S. [PMID: 19380408 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.108.057208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Western world, more than 90% of head and neck cancers are head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The most appropriate treatment approach for HNSCC varies with the disease stage and disease site in the head and neck. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy has become a widely used means for the definitive treatment of locoregionally advanced HNSCC. Although this multimodality treatment provides higher response rates than radiotherapy alone, the detection of residual viable tumor after the end of therapy remains an important issue and is one of the major applications of (18)F-FDG PET. Studies have shown that negative (18)F-FDG PET or PET/CT results after concurrent chemoradiotherapy have a high negative predictive value (>95%), whereas the positive predictive value is only about 50%. However, when applied properly, FDG PET/CT can exclude residual disease in most patients, particularly patients with residual enlarged lymph nodes who would otherwise undergo neck dissection. In contrast to other malignancies, data are limited on the utility of (18)F-FDG PET for monitoring the response to induction chemotherapy in HNSCC or for assessing treatment response early during the course of definitive chemoradiotherapy. The proliferation marker (18)F-3'-deoxy-3'fluorothymidine is currently under study for this purpose. Beyond standard chemotherapy, newer treatment regimens in HNSCC take advantage of our improved understanding of tumor biology. Two molecules important in the progression of HNSCC are the epidermal growth factor receptor and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGF-R. Drugs attacking these molecules are now under study for HNSCC. PET probes have been developed for imaging the presence of these molecules in HNSCC and their inhibition by specific drug interaction; the relevance of these probes for response assessment in HNSCC will be discussed. Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in HNSCC and renders cancers resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy. Imaging and quantification of hypoxia with PET probes is under study and may become a prerequisite for overcoming chemo- and radioresistance using radiosensitizing drugs or hypoxia-directed irradiation techniques and for monitoring the response to these techniques in selected groups of patients. Although (18)F-FDG PET/CT will remain the major clinical tool for monitoring treatment in HNSCC, other PET probes may have a role in identifying patients who are likely to benefit from treatment strategies that include biologic agents such as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors or VEGF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
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Yamada K, Moriyama H, Yasuda H, Hara K, Maniwa Y, Hamada H, Yokono K, Nagata M. Modification of the Rb-binding domain of replication-competent adenoviral vector enhances cytotoxicity against human esophageal cancers via NF-kappaB activity. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 18:389-400. [PMID: 17518613 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A replication-competent adenoviral vector deficient for expression of the early E1B55K protein has been applied in clinical studies. The vector, however, was not fully effective for the treatment of human cancer. In this study, the E1A gene (which encodes an Rb-binding domain protein) of the adenoviral vector AxE1AdB was further engineered with a point mutation designed to abolish binding to Rb protein (pRb) and arrest the cell cycle (AxdAdB-3). The difference in the cytotoxicity of these vectors in two cancer cell lines was observed in association with differences in replication, infection efficiency, and expression levels of adenovirus receptors. Relative to the parent vector (AxE1AdB), which worked in a manner similar to ONYX-015, AxdAdB-3 with the mutated pRb-binding motif demonstrated increased cytotoxicity against p53-mutant human esophageal cancer cell lines EC-GI-10 and T.Tn. AxdAdB-3 showed a greater oncolytic effect than AxE1AdB in vivo despite almost the same replication efficiency in vitro. Unexpectedly, cell cycle arrest in AxdAdB-3-infected cells was less efficient than that in cell lines infected with AxE1AdB. However, AxdAdB-3 strongly reduced NF-kappaB activity and thereby enhanced apoptosis more than AxE1AdB did. These data demonstrate that the Rb-binding domain of E1A can regulate NF-kappaB activity and that modifications to this domain may lead to advances in gene therapies for the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Yamada
- Department of Internal and Geriatric Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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