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Aslam B, Augustyniak A, Clarke SA, McMahon H. Development of a Novel Marine-Derived Tricomposite Biomaterial for Bone Regeneration. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:473. [PMID: 37755086 PMCID: PMC10532529 DOI: 10.3390/md21090473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is a promising treatment for bone loss that requires a combination of porous scaffold and osteogenic cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate and develop a tricomposite, biomimetic scaffold consisting of marine-derived biomaterials, namely, chitosan and fucoidan with hydroxyapatite (HA). The effects of chitosan, fucoidan and HA individually and in combination on the proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were investigated. According to the SEM results, the tricomposite scaffold had a uniform porous structure, which is a key requirement for cell migration, proliferation and vascularisation. The presence of HA and fucoidan in the chitosan tricomposite scaffold was confirmed using FTIR, which showed a slight decrease in porosity and an increase in the density of the tricomposite scaffold compared to other formulations. Fucoidan was found to inhibit cell proliferation at higher concentrations and at earlier time points when applied as a single treatment, but this effect was lost at later time points. Similar results were observed with HA alone. However, both HA and fucoidan increased MSC mineralisation as measured by calcium deposition. Differentiation was significantly enhanced in MSCs cultured on the tricomposite, with increased alkaline phosphatase activity on days 17 and 25. In conclusion, the tricomposite is biocompatible, promotes osteogenesis, and has the structural and compositional properties required of a scaffold for bone tissue engineering. This biomaterial could provide an effective treatment for small bone defects as an alternative to autografts or be the basis for cell attachment and differentiation in ex vivo bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Aslam
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group (CIRCBIO), Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technology University, V92CX88 Tralee, Ireland; (B.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Aleksandra Augustyniak
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group (CIRCBIO), Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technology University, V92CX88 Tralee, Ireland; (B.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Susan A. Clarke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
| | - Helena McMahon
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group (CIRCBIO), Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technology University, V92CX88 Tralee, Ireland; (B.A.); (A.A.)
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Cai Z, Zhang L, Zhang L, Guo D. Construction of Tissue-engineered Cartilage In Vivo from Microtia Chondrocytes After Transfection with Human VEGF 165 Genes Mediated by a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vector. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:2539-2547. [PMID: 35606535 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-02926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the transfection efficiency of cultured chondrocytes from individuals with microtia (microtia chondrocytes) with the recombinant adeno-associated virus vector rAAV2-hVEGF165-IRES-EGFP and hVEGF165 in vitro. To test whether VEGF165 gene-modified microtia chondrocytes can enhance the survival and quality of tissue-engineered cartilage. METHOD The recombinant plasmid rAAV2-hVEGF165-IRES-EGFP was inserted into rAAV2 virus vectors to construct rAAV2-hVEGF165-IRES-EGFP using the AATMaxTM system. The second-passage microtia chondrocytes were divided into 3 groups in vitro: the Ctr group (without transfection), Exp1 group (transfected with rAAV2-IRES-EGFP), and Exp2 group (transfected with rAAV2-hVEGF165-IRES-EGFP). At 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 d after transfection, cell viability was measured by MTT staining. Transfection efficiency was determined by the rate of fluorescence-positive cells. The mRNA expression of hVEG165 was detected by RT-PCR (reverse transcription PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis, and the VEGF165 protein levels in the supernatant fluids were measured by ELISAs. The second passage microtia chondrocytes with (Exp) and without (Ctr) transfection of VEGF165 genes were mixed with 0.5 ml 30% Pluronic F-127 at 4 °C and then injected subcutaneously into the opposing side of the back of nude mice. Eight weeks after injection, the cartilage-like tissues of nude mice were harvested for morphological and histologic examination. RESULTS Chondrocyte viability increased in a time-dependent manner but did not differ among the 3 groups at the same time point. The mRNA and protein levels of VEGF increased in a time-dependent manner in the 3 groups. The mRNA and protein levels of VEGF165 were much higher in the Exp 2 group than in the Ctr and Exp 1 groups at the same time point, but the levels were not significantly different between the Exp 1 and Exp 2 groups. Both the Ctr group and the Exp1 group formed mature cartilage with mature lacunar structures, metachromatic matrices, collagen, and elastic fibers, and the structure of neonatal cartilage was not significantly different between the 2 groups. However, the wet weight of the neonatal cartilage was much larger in the Exp group (127.4 ± 12.4 mg) than in the Ctr group (58.5 ± 12.2 mg, p < 0.05). VEGF protein staining also showed a higher level in the Exp group. CONCLUSION The HVEGF165 gene was transfected efficiently into microtia chondrocytes using the recombinant adeno-associated virus vector rAAV2-hVEGF165-IRES-EGFP. After transfection, the mRNA and protein levels of hVEGF165 increased in a time-dependent manner. VEGF165 gene-modified microtia chondrocytes showed enhanced survival in vivo but did not improve the texture of tissue-engineered cartilage. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description ofthese Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dongjun Guo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Rodrigues SC, Cardoso RMS, Duarte FV. Mitochondrial microRNAs: A Putative Role in Tissue Regeneration. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120486. [PMID: 33371511 PMCID: PMC7767490 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most famous role of mitochondria is to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, a metabolic pathway that involves a chain of four protein complexes (the electron transport chain, ETC) that generates a proton-motive force that in turn drives the ATP synthesis by the Complex V (ATP synthase). An impressive number of more than 1000 mitochondrial proteins have been discovered. Since mitochondrial proteins have a dual genetic origin, it is predicted that ~99% of these proteins are nuclear-encoded and are synthesized in the cytoplasmatic compartment, being further imported through mitochondrial membrane transporters. The lasting 1% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and synthesized by the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome). As a result, an appropriate regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis is absolutely required to achieve and maintain normal mitochondrial function. Regarding miRNAs in mitochondria, it is well-recognized nowadays that several cellular mechanisms involving mitochondria are regulated by many genetic players that originate from either nuclear- or mitochondrial-encoded small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs). Growing evidence collected from whole genome and transcriptome sequencing highlight the role of distinct members of this class, from short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Some of the mechanisms that have been shown to be modulated are the expression of mitochondrial proteins itself, as well as the more complex coordination of mitochondrial structure and dynamics with its function. We devote particular attention to the role of mitochondrial miRNAs and to their role in the modulation of several molecular processes that could ultimately contribute to tissue regeneration accomplishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia C. Rodrigues
- Exogenus Therapeutics, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal;
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Filipe V. Duarte
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Carluccio M, Ziberi S, Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Caciagli F, Di Iorio P, Ciccarelli R. Adult mesenchymal stem cells: is there a role for purine receptors in their osteogenic differentiation? Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:263-287. [PMID: 32500422 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role played by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in contributing to adult tissue homeostasis and damage repair thanks to their differentiation capabilities has raised a great interest, mainly in bone regenerative medicine. The growth/function of these undifferentiated cells of mesodermal origin, located in specialized structures (niches) of differentiated organs is influenced by substances present in this microenvironment. Among them, ancestral and ubiquitous molecules such as adenine-based purines, i.e., ATP and adenosine, may be included. Notably, extracellular purine concentrations greatly increase during tissue injury; thus, MSCs are exposed to effects mediated by these agents interacting with their own receptors when they act/migrate in vivo or are transplanted into a damaged tissue. Here, we reported that ATP modulates MSC osteogenic differentiation via different P2Y and P2X receptors, but data are often inconclusive/contradictory so that the ATP receptor importance for MSC physiology/differentiation into osteoblasts is yet undetermined. An exception is represented by P2X7 receptors, whose expression was shown at various differentiation stages of bone cells resulting essential for differentiation/survival of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. As well, adenosine, usually derived from extracellular ATP metabolism, can promote osteogenesis, likely via A2B receptors, even though findings from human MSCs should be implemented and confirmed in preclinical models. Therefore, although many data have revealed possible effects caused by extracellular purines in bone healing/remodeling, further studies, hopefully performed in in vivo models, are necessary to identify defined roles for these compounds in favoring/increasing the pro-osteogenic properties of MSCs and thereby their usefulness in bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,StemTeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sihana Ziberi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,StemTeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,StemTeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein-9-Stimulated Adipocyte-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitors Entrapped in a Thermoresponsive Nanocomposite Scaffold Facilitate Cranial Defect Repair. J Craniofac Surg 2020; 30:1915-1919. [PMID: 30896511 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to availability and ease of harvest, adipose tissue is a favorable source of progenitor cells in regenerative medicine, but has yet to be optimized for osteogenic differentiation. The purpose of this study was to test cranial bone healing in a surgical defect model utilizing bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) transduced immortalized murine adipocyte (iMAD) progenitor cells in a citrate-based, phase-changing, poly(polyethylene glycol citrate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) (PPCN)-gelatin scaffold. Mesenchymal progenitor iMAD cells were transduced with adenovirus expressing either BMP-9 or green fluorescent protein control. Twelve mice underwent craniectomy to achieve a critical-sized cranial defect. The iMAD cells were mixed with the PPCN-gelatin scaffold and injected into the defects. MicroCT imaging was performed in 2-week intervals for 12 weeks to track defect healing. Histologic analysis was performed on skull sections harvested after the final imaging at 12 weeks to assess quality and maturity of newly formed bone. Both the BMP-9 group and control group had similar initial defect sizes (P = 0.21). At each time point, the BMP-9 group demonstrated smaller defect size, higher percentage defect healed, and larger percentage defect change over time. At the end of the 12-week period, the BMP-9 group demonstrated mean defect closure of 27.39%, while the control group showed only a 9.89% defect closure (P < 0.05). The BMP-9-transduced iMADs combined with a PPCN-gelatin scaffold promote in vivo osteogenesis and exhibited significantly greater osteogenesis compared to control. Adipose-derived iMADs are a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells for further studies in regenerative medicine, specifically bone engineering with the aim of potential craniofacial applications.
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Gunawardene P, Al Saedi A, Singh L, Bermeo S, Vogrin S, Phu S, Suriyaarachchi P, Pignolo RJ, Duque G. Age, gender, and percentage of circulating osteoprogenitor (COP) cells: The COP Study. Exp Gerontol 2017; 96:68-72. [PMID: 28599951 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Circulating osteoprogenitor (COP) cells are blood-borne cells which express a variety of osteoblastic markers and are able to form bone nodules in vivo. Whereas a high percentage of COP cells (%COP) is associated with vascular calcification, low %COP has been associated with disability and frailty. However, the reference range of %COP in age- and gender-matching populations, and the age-related changes in %COP remain unknown. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 144 healthy volunteers in Western Sydney (20-90year-old, 10 male and 10 female subjects per decade). %COP was quantified by flow cytometry. A high inter-and intra-rater reliability was found. In average, in this healthy population average of %COP was 0.42. There was no significant difference in %COP among the age groups. Similarly, no significant difference was found in %COP with gender, weight, height or BMI. In addition, we identified a normal reference range of %COP of 0.1-3.8%. In conclusion, in addition to the identification of steady levels of COP cells with age, we also identified a normal reference range of %COP, which could be used in future studies looking at musculoskeletal diseases in older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piumali Gunawardene
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahmed Al Saedi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lakshman Singh
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sandra Bermeo
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia; Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Steven Phu
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | | | | | - Gustavo Duque
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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D'Alimonte I, Mastrangelo F, Giuliani P, Pierdomenico L, Marchisio M, Zuccarini M, Di Iorio P, Quaresima R, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R. Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Comparative Analysis Between Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Dental Pulp. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:843-855. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda D'Alimonte
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Filiberto Mastrangelo
- Unit of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita e Salute University, Milano, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raimondo Quaresima
- Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
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Sang XG, Wang ZY, Cheng L, Liu YH, Li YG, Qin T, Di K. Analysis of the mechanism by which nerve growth factor promotes callus formation in mice with tibial fracture. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1376-1380. [PMID: 28413480 PMCID: PMC5377403 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the mechanism by which nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes callus formation in mice with tibial fracture. NGF transgenic homozygotic mice and NGF wild homozygotic mice were selected to construct non-stabilized fracture model of tibia. The mice were sacrificed on days 7, 14 and 21, respectively, and each group had a sample with 8 mice at each point in time. X-ray radiography and safranin fast green were used to observe fracture healing and in situ hybridization was used to examine the NGF mRNA expression of tibia at each phase of fracture healing. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining of callus tissue and the expression level of TRAP mRNA were combined to observe osteoclast formation. COL2A1, a chondrocyte differentiation-related gene in callus, and the mRNA level of SOX9 were combined to observe chondrocyte differentiation. It was found that under X-ray radiography, the fracture of NGF transgenic homozygotic mice healed in advance (P<0.05). Cartilage and bone tissue were identified by safranin and fast green staining. The residual cartilage on the callus tissue of NGF transgenic homozygotic mice had decreased significantly (P<0.05). The NGF mRNA expression level in each phase of callus formation of NGF transgenic homozygotic mice was significantly higher than that of the wild group (P<0.05). The number of positive cells in NGF-TRAP staining at each time point after fracture and the NGF mRNA expression level was markedly higher than that of the wild group, and the expression levels of COL2A1 and SOX9 mRNA were distinctively higher than that of the wild group. In conclusion, NGF potentially improves the healing of tibial fracture by osteoclast formation. Additionally, an increase in the number of osteoblasts in the NGF transgenic homozygotic mice compared with the wild-type mice may be achieved by cartilage differentiation due to NGF increasing the COL2A1 and SOX9 mRNA expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Guang Sang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Kai Di
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Ye J, Wang J, Zhu Y, Wei Q, Wang X, Yang J, Tang S, Liu H, Fan J, Zhang F, Farina EM, Mohammed MK, Zou Y, Song D, Liao J, Huang J, Guo D, Lu M, Liu F, Liu J, Li L, Ma C, Hu X, Haydon RC, Lee MJ, Reid RR, Ameer GA, Yang L, He TC. A thermoresponsive polydiolcitrate-gelatin scaffold and delivery system mediates effective bone formation from BMP9-transduced mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:025021. [PMID: 27097687 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/2/025021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful bone tissue engineering requires at the minimum sufficient osteoblast progenitors, efficient osteoinductive factors, and biocompatible scaffolding materials. We previously demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is one of the most potent factors in inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, we investigated the potential use of a biodegradable citrate-based thermosensitive macromolecule, poly(polyethyleneglycol citrate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) (PPCN) mixed with gelatin (PPCNG) as a scaffold for the delivery of BMP9-stimulated MSCs to promote localized bone formation. The addition of gelatin to PPCN effectively enhanced the cell adhesion and survival properties of MSCs entrapped within the gel in 3D culture. Using the BMP9-transduced MSC line immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs), we found that PPCNG facilitated BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of iMEFs in vivo and promoted the formation of well-ossified and vascularized trabecular bone-like structures in a mouse model of ectopic bone formation. Histologic evaluation revealed that vascularization of the bony masses retrieved from the iMEFs + PPCNG group was significantly more pronounced than that of the direct cell injection group. Accordingly, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was shown to be significantly higher in the bony masses recovered from the iMEFs + PPCNG group. Taken together, our results suggest that PPCNG may serve as a novel biodegradable and injectable scaffold and carrier for gene and cell-based bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Zong S, Zeng G, Fang Y, Peng J, Zou B, Gao T, Zhao J. The effects of α-zearalanol on the proliferation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation into osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:151-60. [PMID: 25944420 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of α-zearalanol (α-ZAL) on the proliferation of mouse bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their differentiation into osteoblasts. Six- to eight-week-old BALB/C mice were used either as recipients or as bone marrow donors. BMSCs were isolated and collected using a differential adhesion method, with use of 10 % fetal bovine serum and Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium. After the third generation, the BMSCs were randomly placed into the following subgroups: a control group, an osteogenic medium (OM) group, a 17β-estradiol group, an α-ZAL 10(-7) mol/L group, an α-ZAL 10(-6) mol/L group, and an α-ZAL 10(-5) mol/L group. Flow cytometry was used to identify the BMSCs collected from the bone marrow. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test was performed, and markers of the osteoblasts were measured in the different subgroups. In addition, expression of osteoprotegerin and expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand were examined using Western blot. In contrast to the control and OM groups, BMSCs in the α-ZAL groups exhibited long fusiform shapes, and contact inhibition was observed when the cells were closely packed. After induction, the BMSCs grew well and exhibited triangular, star, polygonal, or irregular shapes. Clumps and multiple cells were evident. The trends of the proliferation and differentiation for the control, OM, 17β-estradiol, and α-ZAL groups were similar. Compared with the control and OM groups, in the α-ZAL groups the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and osteocalcin were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In addition, α-ZAL inhibited osteoclastogenesis by increasing the expression of osteoprotegerin and decreasing the expression of nuclear factor κB ligand. In conclusion, α-ZAL can increase the proliferation of BMSCs and their differentiation into osteoblasts and can effectively suppress osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Zong
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- College of Public Hygiene, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Fang
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhen Peng
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zou
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Taihang Gao
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Choi Y, Cox C, Lally K, Li Y. The strategy and method in modulating finger regeneration. Regen Med 2015; 9:231-42. [PMID: 24750063 DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tip of the human finger can regenerate if the amputation is distal to the nail bed, usually in young children. Studies in regeneration of rodent digits have shown that regeneration occurs if the amputation is distal to the mid-third phalanx for certain ages. The digit contains many different components, such as muscle, tendon, bone, skin, nerves and blood vessels, which must all be regrown in the proper location in order to restore functionality. The mechanism behind the complex healing/regeneration processes is still under investigation; however, improvements in injured finger regeneration have been gradually developing in animal models over the past few years. This review discusses a few strategies and methods to possibly enhance digit regeneration beyond current natural limits, focusing on aspects including scarless wound healing, cell-based treatments, tissue engineering and electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Choi
- Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Lin Z, Wang JS, Lin L, Zhang J, Liu Y, Shuai M, Li Q. Effects of BMP2 and VEGF165 on the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2013; 7:625-629. [PMID: 24520257 PMCID: PMC3919869 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are dominant seed cell sources for bone regeneration. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initiate cartilage and bone formation in a sequential cascade. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential coordinator of extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis and bone formation. In the present study, the effects of the vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) genes on bone regeneration were investigated by the lentivirus-mediated cotransfection of the two genes into rat bone marrow-derived MSCs. The successful co-expression of the two genes in the MSCs was confirmed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analysis. The results of alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining at 14 days subsequent to transfection showed that the area of staining in cells transfected with BMP2 alone was higher than that in cells transfected with BMP2 and VEGF165 or untransfected control cells, while the BMP2 + VEGF165 group showed significantly more staining than the untransfected control. This indicated that BMP2 alone exhibited a stronger effect in bone regeneration than BMP2 in combination with VEGF165. Similarly, in inducing culture medium, the ALP activity of the BMP2 + VEGF165 group was notably suppressed compared with that of the BMP2 group. The overexpression of VEGF165 inhibited BMP2-induced MSC differentiation and osteogenesis in vitro. Whether or not local VEGF gene therapy is likely to affect bone regeneration in vivo requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Sheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lund University Hospital, S-22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lijun Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Ming Shuai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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Shui W, Zhang W, Yin L, Nan G, Liao Z, Zhang H, Wang N, Wu N, Chen X, Wen S, He Y, Deng F, Zhang J, Luu HH, Shi LL, Hu Z, Haydon RC, Mok JM, He TC. Characterization of scaffold carriers for BMP9-transduced osteoblastic progenitor cells in bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Education; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Education; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Education; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
| | - Guoxin Nan
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Education; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
| | - Zhan Liao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University; Changsha 410083 China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Education; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
| | - Ning Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
- Department of Cell Biology; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
- Department of Oncology; Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Ningning Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Education; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Xian Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Education; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Education; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
| | - Yunfeng He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Education; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
| | - Fang Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
- Department of Cell Biology; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
- Department of Oncology; Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Education; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
| | - Zhenming Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Education; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
| | - James M. Mok
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine; The University of Chicago Medical Center; 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079 Chicago Illinois 60637
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Education; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
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14
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Shui W, Zhang W, Yin L, Nan G, Liao Z, Zhang H, Wang N, Wu N, Chen X, Wen S, He Y, Deng F, Zhang J, Luu HH, Shi LL, Hu Z, Haydon RC, Mok JM, He TC. Characterization of scaffold carriers for BMP9-transduced osteoblastic progenitor cells in bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3429-38. [PMID: 24133046 DOI: 10.1002/jbma.35006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Successful bone tissue engineering at least requires sufficient osteoblast progenitors, efficient osteoinductive factors, and biocompatible scaffolding materials. We have demonstrated that BMP9 is one of the most potent factors in inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors. To facilitate the potential use of cell-based BMP9 gene therapy for bone regeneration, we characterize the in vivo osteoconductive activities and bone regeneration potential of three clinically used scaffold materials, type I collagen sponge, hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP), and demineralized bone matrix (DBM), using BMP9-expressing C2C12 osteoblastic progenitor cells. We find that recombinant adenovirus-mediated BMP9 expression effectively induces osteogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells. Although direct subcutaneous injection of BMP9-transduced C2C12 cells forms ectopic bony masses, subcutaneous implantation of BMP9-expressing C2C12 cells with collagen sponge or HA-TCP scaffold yields the most robust and mature cancellous bone formation, whereas the DBM carrier group forms no or minimal bone masses. Our results suggest that collagen sponge and HA-TCP scaffold carriers may provide more cell-friendly environment to support the survival, propagation, and ultimately differentiation of BMP9-expressing progenitor cells. This line of investigation should provide important experimental evidence for further preclinical studies in BMP9-mediated cell-based approach to bone tissue engineering.
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Volk SW, Theoret C. Translating stem cell therapies: the role of companion animals in regenerative medicine. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:382-94. [PMID: 23627495 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Veterinarians and veterinary medicine have been integral to the development of stem cell therapies. The contributions of large animal experimental models to the development and refinement of modern hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were noted nearly five decades ago. More recent advances in adult stem cell/regenerative cell therapies continue to expand knowledge of the basic biology and clinical applications of stem cells. A relatively liberal legal and ethical regulation of stem cell research in veterinary medicine has facilitated the development and in some instances clinical translation of a variety of cell-based therapies involving hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, as well as other adult regenerative cells and recently embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. In fact, many of the pioneering developments in these fields of stem cell research have been achieved through collaborations of veterinary and human scientists. This review aims to provide an overview of the contribution of large animal veterinary models in advancing stem cell therapies for both human and clinical veterinary applications. Moreover, in the context of the "One Health Initiative," the role veterinary patients may play in the future evolution of stem cell therapies for both human and animal patients will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W Volk
- Department of Clinical Studies and Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-4539, USA.
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McMahon RE, Wang L, Skoracki R, Mathur AB. Development of nanomaterials for bone repair and regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 101:387-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012; 24:770-9. [PMID: 23146873 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e32835af8de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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