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Dos Santos GA, Viana NI, Pimenta R, de Camargo JA, Guimaraes VR, Romão P, Candido P, Dos Santos VG, Ghazarian V, Reis ST, Leite KRM, Srougi M. Upregulation of shelterin and CST genes and longer telomeres are associated with unfavorable prognostic characteristics in prostate cancer. Cancer Genet 2024; 284-285:20-29. [PMID: 38503134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Search for new clinical biomarkers targets in prostate cancer (PC) is urgent. Telomeres might be one of these targets. Telomeres are the extremities of linear chromosomes, essential for genome stability and control of cell divisions. Telomere homeostasis relies on the proper functioning of shelterin and CST complexes. Telomeric dysfunction and abnormal expression of its components are reported in most cancers and are associated with PC. Despite this, there are only a few studies about the expression of the main telomere complexes and their relationship with PC progression. We aimed to evaluate the role of shelterin (POT1, TRF2, TPP1, TIN2, and RAP1) and CST (CTC1, STN1, and TEN1) genes and telomere length in the progression of PC. METHODS We evaluated genetic alterations of shelterin and CST by bioinformatics in samples of localized (n = 499) and metastatic castration-resistant PC (n = 444). We also analyzed the expression of the genes using TCGA (localized PC n = 497 and control n = 152) and experimental approaches, with surgical specimens (localized PC n = 81 and BPH n = 10) and metastatic cell lines (LNCaP, DU145, PC3 and PNT2 as control) by real-time PCR. Real-time PCR also determined the telomere length in the same experimental samples. All acquired data were associated with clinical parameters. RESULTS Genetic alterations are uncommon in PC, but POT1, TIN2, and TEN1 showed significantly more amplifications in the metastatic cancer. Except for CTC1 and TEN1, which are differentially expressed in localized PC samples, we did not detect an expression pattern relative to control and cell lines. Nevertheless, except for TEN1, the upregulation of all genes is associated with a worse prognosis in localized PC. We also found that increased telomere length is associated with disease aggressiveness in localized PC. CONCLUSION The upregulation of shelterin and CST genes creates an environment that favors telomere elongation, giving selective advantages for localized PC cells to progress to more aggressive stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Arantes Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nayara I Viana
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), Passos, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ruan Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves de Camargo
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Guimaraes
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Poliana Romão
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Candido
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Genuino Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitória Ghazarian
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina T Reis
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), Passos, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Katia Ramos Moreira Leite
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Srougi
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Morozov A, Potoldykova N, Chinenov D, Enikeev M, Glukhov A, Shpikina A, Goryacheva E, Taratkin M, Malavaud B, Enikeev D. hTERT, hTR and TERT promoter mutations as markers for urological cancers detection: A systematic review. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:498.e21-498.e33. [PMID: 33676848 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical relevance of telomerase subunits (human reverse transcriptase - hTERT, and human telomerase RNA - hTR) and TERT promotor mutations as biomarkers in genitourinary cancers was reviewed through the systematic analysis of the current literature. We performed a systematic literature search using 2 databases (Medline and Scopus) over the past 20 years. Primary outcomes were sensitivity and specificity of hTR, hTERT and TERT promoter mutations. Secondary outcomes were the biomarkers predictive values for tumor characteristics. Regarding bladder cancer, hTERT in urine showed high sensitivity (mean values: 55%-96%), and specificity (69%-100%): it correlated with bladder cancer grade and/or stage. hTR sensitivity ranged from 77% to 92%. With adapted cut-off, it demonstrated 72% to 89% specificity. TERT promoter mutation rate was up to 80% both in tissue and urine, resulting in 62%-92% sensitivity for primary tumors and 42% for relapse. Specificity ranged from 73% to 96%, no correlations with stage were observed. In prostate cancer, hTERT in tissue, prostate secretion and serum showed high sensitivity (97.9%, 36%, and 79.2%-97.5%, respectively) and specificity values (70%, 66%, 60%-100%). hTR showed very high sensitivity (88% in serum and 100% in tissue) although specificity values were highly variable depending on the series and techniques (0%-96.5%). In RCC, hTERT sensitivity on tissue ranged from 90 to 97%, specificity from 25 to 58%. There was an association of hTERT expression with tumor stage and grade. hTERT showed high accuracy in genitourinary cancers, while the value of hTR was more controversial. hTERT and TERT promotor mutations may have predictive value for bladder cancer and RCC staging and grading, while no such relationship was observed in CaP. Although telomerase subunits showed clinically relevant values in genitourinary cancers, developing fast and cost-effective methods is required before contemplating routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Morozov
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya Potoldykova
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Chinenov
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Glukhov
- Sechenov University, Department of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Mark Taratkin
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bernard Malavaud
- Department of Urology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Dmitry Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
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Fabbiano F, Corsi J, Gurrieri E, Trevisan C, Notarangelo M, D'Agostino VG. RNA packaging into extracellular vesicles: An orchestra of RNA-binding proteins? J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 10:e12043. [PMID: 33391635 PMCID: PMC7769857 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membranous particles released from the cells through different biogenetic and secretory mechanisms. We now conceive EVs as shuttles mediating cellular communication, carrying a variety of molecules resulting from intracellular homeostatic mechanisms. The RNA is a widely detected cargo and, impressively, a recognized functional intermediate that elects EVs as modulators of cancer cell phenotypes, determinants of disease spreading, cell surrogates in regenerative medicine, and a source for non-invasive molecular diagnostics. The mechanistic elucidation of the intracellular events responsible for the engagement of RNA into EVs will significantly improve the comprehension and possibly the prediction of EV "quality" in association with cell physiology. Interestingly, the application of multidisciplinary approaches, including biochemical as well as cell-based and computational strategies, is increasingly revealing an active RNA-packaging process implicating RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in the sorting of coding and non-coding RNAs. In this review, we provide a comprehensive view of RBPs recently emerging as part of the EV biology, considering the scenarios where: (i) individual RBPs were detected in EVs along with their RNA substrates, (ii) RBPs were detected in EVs with inferred RNA targets, and (iii) EV-transcripts were found to harbour sequence motifs mirroring the activity of RBPs. Proteins so far identified are members of the hnRNP family (hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPC1, hnRNPG, hnRNPH1, hnRNPK, and hnRNPQ), as well as YBX1, HuR, AGO2, IGF2BP1, MEX3C, ANXA2, ALIX, NCL, FUS, TDP-43, MVP, LIN28, SRP9/14, QKI, and TERT. We describe the RBPs based on protein domain features, current knowledge on the association with human diseases, recognition of RNA consensus motifs, and the need to clarify the functional significance in different cellular contexts. We also summarize data on previously identified RBP inhibitor small molecules that could also be introduced in EV research as potential modulators of vesicular RNA sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fabbiano
- Department of CellularComputational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Jessica Corsi
- Department of CellularComputational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Elena Gurrieri
- Department of CellularComputational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Caterina Trevisan
- Department of CellularComputational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Michela Notarangelo
- Department of CellularComputational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Vito G. D'Agostino
- Department of CellularComputational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
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Lolomadze EA, Kometova VV, Rodionov VV. Circulating RNA in blood plasma as diagnostic tool for clinical oncology. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges facing today’s oncology is the discovery of early predictors of malignant neoplasms in patients’ biological samples. Liquid biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic technique based on the detection and isolation of tumor cells, tumor-derived nucleic acid and exosomes circulating in the blood plasma of cancer patients. There is a plethora of research studies of circulating tumor DNA in patients with MN. The active proliferation of tumor cells occurs in the backdrop of altered gene expression. The presence of tissue-specific transcripts in the circulating RNA fraction suggests that levels of circulating RNA reflect the development of the primary tumor. We think that cell-free RNA circulating in the blood plasma is a promising molecular biomarker for early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- EA Lolomadze
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - VV Kometova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - VV Rodionov
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
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Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma Present Specific RNA Profiles in Serum and Urine Extracellular Vesicles Mirroring the Tumor Expression: Novel Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Disease Diagnosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030721. [PMID: 32183400 PMCID: PMC7140677 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) comprises a group of heterogeneous biliary cancers with dismal prognosis. The etiologies of most CCAs are unknown, but primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a risk factor. Non-invasive diagnosis of CCA is challenging and accurate biomarkers are lacking. We aimed to characterize the transcriptomic profile of serum and urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) from patients with CCA, PSC, ulcerative colitis (UC), and healthy individuals. Serum and urine EVs were isolated by serial ultracentrifugations and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoblotting. EVs transcriptome was determined by Illumina gene expression array [messenger RNAs (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)]. Differential RNA profiles were found in serum and urine EVs from patients with CCA compared to control groups (disease and healthy), showing high diagnostic capacity. The comparison of the mRNA profiles of serum or urine EVs from patients with CCA with the transcriptome of tumor tissues from two cohorts of patients, CCA cells in vitro, and CCA cells-derived EVs, identified 105 and 39 commonly-altered transcripts, respectively. Gene ontology analysis indicated that most commonly-altered mRNAs participate in carcinogenic steps. Overall, patients with CCA present specific RNA profiles in EVs mirroring the tumor, and constituting novel promising liquid biopsy biomarkers.
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Wang R, Wu Y, Yu J, Yang G, Yi H, Xu B. Plasma Messenger RNAs Identified Through Bioinformatics Analysis are Novel, Non-Invasive Prostate Cancer Biomarkers. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:541-548. [PMID: 32021296 PMCID: PMC6974148 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s221276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To identify new biomarkers of prostate cancer (PCa) for the diagnosis and prediction of clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods Existing microarray data of PCa tissues in the Oncomine database were analyzed and candidate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may be novel and noninvasive biomarkers were obtained. On this basis, plasma mRNA was extracted from PCa patients and healthy donors. Furthermore, plasma mRNA expression of DEGs was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Finally, the diagnostic power of the biomarkers was evaluated in comparison to the clinical characteristics of the patients. Results In this study, the top five significantly overexpressed mRNA (AMACR, PPP1R14b, PCA3, DLX1, and RPL22L1) and the top five significantly underexpressed mRNA (DUOX1, EFS, GSTP1, S100A16, and NCRNA00087) were selected for further validation in PCa patients and healthy donors by qRT-PCR. The results showed that AMACR, DLX1, PCA3, DUOX1, and GSTP1 mRNA were stably amplified in plasma. Additionally, DLX1, PCA3, DUOX1, and GSTP1 mRNA expression was significantly different between PCa circulating free mRNA samples and healthy donors. These mRNAs may be useful biomarkers for PCa diagnosis. Conclusion Analysis of the expression of genes in the Oncomine database showed that DLX1, PCA3, and DUOX1 expressions have a cancer specific pattern in PCa. Collectively, DLX1, PCA3, and DUOX1 may be useful candidate biomarkers for PCa diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzi Wu
- TCM Department,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China.,The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Fu X, Shen C, Wang H, Chen F, Li G, Wen Z. Joint quantitative measurement of hTERT mRNA in both peripheral blood and circulating tumor cells of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its clinical significance. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:479. [PMID: 28693532 PMCID: PMC5504838 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study was aimed to quantitatively detect mRNA levels of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) in both peripheral blood and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and explore its significance in early diagnosis and treatment of NPC. Methods hTERT mRNA levels in peripheral blood and CTCs of 33 NPC patients before and after treatment with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or/and chemotherapy and 24 healthy controls were measured using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and their correlations to clinic pathological factors of NPC were analyzed. Results Peripheral hTERT mRNA content was 10.75 ± 4.29 in NPC patients and 0.95 ± 0.37 in control subjects (P < 0.05), and had a significant correlation with patients’ clinical stage, T stage, and N stage (P < 0.05). Treatment of NPC patients at stages I and II with simple IMRT significantly reduced hTERT mRNA level from 5.60 ± 2.33 to 3.43 ± 1.42 (P < 0.05) and treatment of patients at advanced stage (III and IV) with induction chemotherapy followed by IMRT significantly reduced hTERT mRNA levels from 12.68 ± 3.08 to 10.68 ± 2.48 to 3.13 ± 1.69 (P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, the study also showed that hTERT mRNA content in CTCs of NPC patients was 10.65 ± 4.28, evidently higher than that of 1.09 ± 0.40 in control subjects (P < 0.05) and hTERT mRNA level in CTCs of NPC patients was obviously correlated to patients’ clinical stage, T stage and N stage (P < 0.05). After treatment, hTERT mRNA level in CTCs of NPC patients lowered from 10.65 ± 4.28 to 5.59 ± 2.32 (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis found that hTERT mRNA level in peripheral blood and CTCs of NPC patients were highly correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.981. Conclusions hTERT mRNA levels in peripheral blood and CTCs of NPC patients were significantly enhanced compared to that in healthy controls and highly correlated. Changes in hTERT mRNA level was closely correlated to patients’ clinical stage and T stage. Radiochemotherapy could effectively reduce hTERT mRNA level in peripheral blood and CTCs. Thus, it is possible using the joint detection of hTERT mRNA level in peripheral blood and CTCs as a new biomarker for early diagnosis, treatment efficacy and prognosis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsa Fu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Congxiang Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Huigang Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Guanxue Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Zhong Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
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García-Olmo DC, Contreras JD, Picazo MG, López-Torres J, García-Olmo D. Potential clinical significance of perioperative levels of mRNA in plasma from patients with cancer of the larynx or hypopharynx. Head Neck 2017; 39:647-655. [PMID: 28225552 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of plasma as a "liquid biopsy" has gained increasing attention. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of the perioperative detection and quantitation of mRNAs encoding human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in plasma from patients with cancer of the larynx or hypopharynx. METHODS We recruited 47 patients with laryngeal cancer and 2 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer, plus 27 healthy subjects. A blood sample was taken from each patient before and after surgical resection of the tumor. We quantified hTERT mRNA and GAPDH mRNA in plasma by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Detection of hTERT mRNA before surgery had diagnostic value (sensitivity, 22%; specificity, 100%). Detection was more frequent in patients with supraglottic tumors than glottic tumors (p = .02) and was related to subsequent recurrence (p = .02). Preoperative levels of hTERT mRNA in plasma were higher in patients with subsequent recurrence (p = .046) and/or metastases (p = .047). The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with plasma samples positive for hTERT mRNA was poorer than that of patients with negative samples. Mean levels of plasma GAPDH mRNA in untreated patients were higher than in healthy subjects (p < .001). CONCLUSION Detection and quantitation of hTERT and GAPDH mRNA in patients' plasma might be clinically significant in cases of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 647-655, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores C García-Olmo
- Experimental Research Unit, General University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete, Spain.,CREBA, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - J Diego Contreras
- Otorhinolaryngology Service, General University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - María G Picazo
- Experimental Research Unit, General University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Damián García-Olmo
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
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Salinas Sánchez AS, Martinez Sanchis C, Gimenez Bachs JM, García Olmo DC. Liquid biopsy in cancer. Actas Urol Esp 2016; 40:1-2. [PMID: 26296278 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A S Salinas Sánchez
- Servicio de Urología, Complejo Hospitalario y Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, España.
| | - C Martinez Sanchis
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital General de Almansa, Almansa, Albacete, España
| | - J M Gimenez Bachs
- Servicio de Urología, Complejo Hospitalario y Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, España
| | - D C García Olmo
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Hospitalario y Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, España
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Wu D, Yu H, Sun J, Qi J, Liu Q, Li R, Zheng SL, Xu J, Kang J. Association of genetic polymorphisms in the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene with prostate cancer aggressiveness. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:489-97. [PMID: 25738283 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), encoded by the TERT gene, is an essential component of telomerase, essential for the maintenance of telomere DNA length, chromosomal stability and cellular immortality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between common genetic variations across the TERT gene region and prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness in a Chinese population. A total of 12 TERT tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped on the Sequenom Mass-ARRAY iPLEX® platform in a case-case study with 1,210 Chinese patients with PCa. Unconditional logistic regression was used to investigate the association of genotypes with PCa aggressiveness, Gleason grade and risk of developing early-onset PCa. It was observed that the C allele of the TERT intron 2 SNP (rs2736100) was significantly associated with reduced risk of PCa aggressiveness [odds ratio (OR)=0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-0.99; P=0.037]. This allele was also significantly correlated with a reduced risk of developing a tumor with a high Gleason score (>7; OR=0.83; 95% CI: 0.70-0.99; P=0.039). The T allele of the intron 4 SNP (rs10069690) was found to be significantly associated with a decreased risk for an aggressive form of PCa (OR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.59-0.97; P=0.030). In addition, the A allele of rs10078761 located at the 3' end of the TERT gene exhibited a statistically significant association with the reduced risk of developing a higher grade disease (OR=0.48; 95% CI: 0.28-0.81; P=0.006). However, no association between TERT polymorphisms and age at diagnosis was observed in the present study. The present findings demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that genetic variations across the TERT gene are associated with PCa aggressiveness in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Wu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jielin Sun
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston‑Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Siqun Lily Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston‑Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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González-Masiá JA, García-Olmo D, García-Olmo DC. Circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum (CNAPS): applications in oncology. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:819-32. [PMID: 23874104 PMCID: PMC3711950 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s44668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of small amounts of circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum (CNAPS) is not a new finding. The verification that such amounts are significantly increased in cancer patients, and that CNAPS might carry a variety of genetic and epigenetic alterations related to cancer development and progression, has aroused great interest in the scientific community in the last decades. Such alterations potentially reflect changes that occur during carcinogenesis, and include DNA mutations, loss of heterozygosity, viral genomic integration, disruption of microRNA, hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, and changes in the mitochondrial DNA. These findings have led to many efforts toward the implementation of new clinical biomarkers based on CNAPS analysis. In the present article, we review the main findings related to the utility of CNAPS analysis for early diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of cancer, most of which appear promising. However, due to the lack of harmonization of laboratory techniques, the heterogeneity of disease progression, and the small number of recruited patients in most of those studies, there has been a poor translation of basic research into clinical practice. In addition, many aspects remain unknown, such as the release mechanisms of cell-free nucleic acids, their biological function, and the way by which they circulate in the bloodstream. It is therefore expected that in the coming years, an improved understanding of the relationship between CNAPS and the molecular biology of cancer will lead to better diagnosis, management, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores C García-Olmo
- Experimental Research Unit, General University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete, Spain
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Rigau M, Olivan M, Garcia M, Sequeiros T, Montes M, Colás E, Llauradó M, Planas J, de Torres I, Morote J, Cooper C, Reventós J, Clark J, Doll A. The present and future of prostate cancer urine biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12620-49. [PMID: 23774836 PMCID: PMC3709804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to successfully cure patients with prostate cancer (PCa), it is important to detect the disease at an early stage. The existing clinical biomarkers for PCa are not ideal, since they cannot specifically differentiate between those patients who should be treated immediately and those who should avoid over-treatment. Current screening techniques lack specificity, and a decisive diagnosis of PCa is based on prostate biopsy. Although PCa screening is widely utilized nowadays, two thirds of the biopsies performed are still unnecessary. Thus the discovery of non-invasive PCa biomarkers remains urgent. In recent years, the utilization of urine has emerged as an attractive option for the non-invasive detection of PCa. Moreover, a great improvement in high-throughput “omic” techniques has presented considerable opportunities for the identification of new biomarkers. Herein, we will review the most significant urine biomarkers described in recent years, as well as some future prospects in that field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rigau
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Mireia Olivan
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Marta Garcia
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Tamara Sequeiros
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Melania Montes
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Eva Colás
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Marta Llauradó
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacques Planas
- Department of Urology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (J.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Inés de Torres
- Department of Pathology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Juan Morote
- Department of Urology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (J.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Colin Cooper
- Cancer Genetics, University of East Anglia, Norwich Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK; E-Mails: (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jaume Reventós
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalonia, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeremy Clark
- Cancer Genetics, University of East Anglia, Norwich Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK; E-Mails: (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Andreas Doll
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-93-489-4067; Fax: +34-93-274-6708
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March-Villalba JA, Martínez-Jabaloyas JM, Herrero MJ, Santamaria J, Aliño SF, Dasí F. Cell-free circulating plasma hTERT mRNA is a useful marker for prostate cancer diagnosis and is associated with poor prognosis tumor characteristics. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43470. [PMID: 22916267 PMCID: PMC3423343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most widely used marker for diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). It lacks specificity and predictive value, resulting in inaccurate diagnoses and overtreatment of the disease. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of plasma telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for PCa and its association with clinicopathological parameters of tumors. Principal Findings Plasma hTERT mRNA levels were determined by qRT-PCR in 105 consecutive patients with elevated PSA levels and in 68 healthy volunteers. The diagnostic accuracy, the efficacy as a prognostic factor of biochemical recurrence and the association with tumor clinicopathological parameters of plasma hTERT mRNA and serum PSA tests were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses. The results show that plasma hTERT mRNA is a non-invasive biomarker for PCa diagnosis that shows higher sensitivity (85% vs. 83%), specificity (90% vs. 47%), positive predictive value (83% vs. 56%), and negative predictive value (92% vs. 77%) than serum PSA. Plasma hTERT mRNA is significantly associated with poor prognosis tumor clinicopathological parameters and is a significant independent predictor of PCa (p<0.0001). Univariate analysis identified plasma hTERT mRNA (but not serum PSA) as a significant prognostic factor of biochemical recurrence. Plasma hTERT mRNA Kaplan-Meier curves confirmed the significant differences between groups and patients with higher levels than the cut-off value showed diminished recurrence-free survival (p = 0.004), whereas no differences were observed with serum PSA (p = 0.38). Multivariate analysis indicated that plasma hTERT mRNA (but not serum PSA) and stage were significantly associated with biochemical recurrence. Conclusions Overall, these findings indicate that hTERT mRNA is a useful non-invasive tumor marker for the molecular diagnosis of PCa, affording a greater diagnostic and prognostic accuracy than the PSA assay and may be of relevance in the follow-up of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. March-Villalba
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Urology Unite, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Martínez-Jabaloyas
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Urology Unite, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María J. Herrero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Santamaria
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Urology Unite, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador F. Aliño
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Dasí
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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