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Hu YL, Gar-Lee Yue G, Li XR, Xu G, Bik-San Lau C. Structurally diverse spirocyclic polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum ascyron linn. and their anti-tumor activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 212:113727. [PMID: 37207991 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ten spirocyclic polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAP), hunascynols A-J (1-10), and 12 known analogs were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum ascyron Linn. Compounds 1 and 2, which share a 1,2-seco-spirocyclic PPAP skeleton, could be derived from spirocyclic PPAP, with a common octahydrospiro[cyclohexan-1,5'-indene]-2,4,6-trione core, through a cascade of Retro-Claisen, keto-enol tautomerism, and esterification reactions. Aldolization of normal spirocyclic PPAP yielded 3, which has a caged framework with a 6/5/6/5/6 ring system. The structures of these compounds were determined using spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The inhibitory activities of all isolates were tested in three human cancer cell lines and a zebrafish model. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed moderate cytotoxicity against HCT116 cells (IC50 6.87 and 9.86 μM, respectively). The mechanisms of these compounds were evaluated using Western blot assays. Compounds 3 and 5 inhibited the growth of sub-intestinal vessels in zebrafish embryos. Further, the target genes were screened using real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Ren Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Li D, Wang D, Liu H, Jiang X. LEM domain containing 1 (LEMD1) transcriptionally activated by SRY-related high-mobility-group box 4 (SOX4) accelerates the progression of colon cancer by upregulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8087-8100. [PMID: 35294319 PMCID: PMC9161920 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2047556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a highly malignant tumor in the digestive system. LEM domain containing 1 (LEMD1) is supposed to be a survival marker of poor prognosis in colon cancer. We aimed to explore the role and mechanism of LEMD1 in colon cancer progression. GEPIA database analyzed LEMD1 expression in colon cancer tissues and prognosis of colon cancer patients. LEMD1 expression in tumor cells was tested by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Proliferation of colon cancer cells was estimated by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to appraise the cell invasion and migration. Meanwhile, tube formation assays were used to evaluate angiogenesis. The possible binding sites between SRY-related high-mobility-group box 4 (SOX4) and LEMD1 were predicted by JASPAR database. Besides, SOX4 expression in colon cancer tissues and the correlation between SOX4 and LEMD1 were examined using the GEPIA database. Luciferase reporter and ChIP assays were used to verify the interaction between SOX4 and LEMD1. The expression of proteins in PI3K/Akt signaling was evaluated by western blotting. LEMD1 was overexpressed in colon cancer tissues and cells and associated with poor prognosis. Functionally, LEMD1 deficiency impeded the proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of colon cancer cells. Additionally, SOX4 had a positive correlation with LEMD1 and could bind to LEMD1 promoter. Rescue assays validated that SOX4 elevation reversed the suppressive role of LEMD1 deletion in the development of colon cancer and the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT. Collectively, LEMD1 induced by SOX4 drove the progression of colon cancer by activating PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Cancer Hospital, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Cancer Hospital, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haofeng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Cancer Hospital, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Cancer Hospital, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
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3
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Tang Y, Zong S, Zeng H, Ruan X, Yao L, Han S, Hou F. MicroRNAs and angiogenesis: a new era for the management of colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:221. [PMID: 33865381 PMCID: PMC8052662 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules containing only 20–22 nucleotides. MiRNAs play a role in gene silencing and translation suppression by targeting and binding to mRNA. Proper control of miRNA expression is very important for maintaining a normal physiological environment because miRNAs can affect most cellular pathways, including cell cycle checkpoint, cell proliferation, and apoptosis pathways, and have a wide range of target genes. With these properties, miRNAs can modulate multiple signalling pathways involved in cancer development, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration pathways. MiRNAs that activate or inhibit the molecular pathway related to tumour angiogenesis are common topics of research. Angiogenesis promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis by providing oxygen and diffusible nutrients and releasing proangiogenic factors and is one of the hallmarks of tumour progression. CRC is one of the most common tumours, and metastasis has always been a difficult issue in its treatment. Although comprehensive treatments, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, have prolonged the survival of CRC patients, the overall response is not optimistic. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic targets to improve CRC treatment. In a series of recent reports, miRNAs have been shown to bidirectionally regulate angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Many miRNAs can directly act on VEGF or inhibit angiogenesis through other pathways (HIF-1a, PI3K/AKT, etc.), while some miRNAs, specifically many exosomal miRNAs, are capable of promoting CRC angiogenesis. Understanding the mechanism of action of miRNAs in angiogenesis is of great significance for finding new targets for the treatment of tumour angiogenesis. Deciphering the exact role of specific miRNAs in angiogenesis is a challenge due to the high complexity of their actions. Here, we describe the latest advances in the understanding of miRNAs and their corresponding targets that play a role in CRC angiogenesis and discuss possible miRNA-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Tang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Shaoqi Zong
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.,Graduate School of Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailun Zeng
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ruan
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Liting Yao
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Susu Han
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Fenggang Hou
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
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4
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Chen Q, Chen R, Dong Y. Inhibitory effect of endostar combined with radiotherapy on gastric cancer animal models. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:165. [PMID: 32669133 PMCID: PMC7364530 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitory effect of endostar combined with radiotherapy on gastric cancer (GC) animal models and its effect on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and inter-leukin-10 (IL-10) were evaluated. METHODS Forty mice of GC model xenograft tumors were prepared and randomly divided into blank control group, endostar group, radiotherapy group, and endostar combined with radiotherapy group (combination group). From the 14th day, a vernier caliper was used for measuring the long and short diameters of the xenograft tumors. The formula V = ab2/2 was used for calculating the tumor volume and to obtain its average value. Tumor growth curves were plotted to calculate the tumor inhibition rate. The growth of xenograft tumors and the behavioral changes of mice were observed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detecting the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1. RESULTS The tumor growth in the combination group was significantly inhibited, and the tumor volume was the smallest compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the blank control group, the tumor inhibition rate was 11.8% in endostar group, 33.0% in radiotherapy group, and 52.1% in combination group (p < 0.01). Endostar combined with radiotherapy had an interaction in decreasing the expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 (F = 4.35 and 5.12, p < 0.05). Leucocyte count was significantly higher in control and combination groups than that in endostar and radiotherapy groups. The body weight of mice in endostar and radiotherapy groups decreased after treatment (p < 0.05). The body weight of mice after treatment in control and combination groups increased, with a statistically significant difference compared to that before treatment (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference among all groups after treatment (F = 198.1, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Endostar combined with radiotherapy can inhibit tumor growth and downregulate the expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 through synergistic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 15 Jiefang Road, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 15 Jiefang Road, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhong Dong
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 15 Jiefang Road, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Lei C, Ren D, Fu M, Sun C, Ren H, Pan Q, Li Y. Curative effect of endostar combined with oxaliplatin in the treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma and its influence on immune cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3665-3670. [PMID: 30881491 PMCID: PMC6403513 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Curative effect and adverse reactions of oxaliplatin combined with endostar in the interventional treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) were investigated. A total of 101 PHC patients from October 2012 to December 2014 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were retrospectively collected. Fifty patients in combined therapy group were treated with oxaliplatin combined with endostar, while the remaining 51 patients in oxaliplatin group were treated with oxaliplatin alone. The treatment lasted for a total of 4 cycles (20 days as 1 cycle). The ratios of cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3)+, CD4+ and CD8+ were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The objective response rate in combined therapy group was 92.00%, which was significantly higher than that in oxaliplatin group (74.51%). The main adverse reactions showed no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.6 months in combined therapy group and 6.3 months in oxaliplatin group, while the median overall survival (OS) was 12.9 months in combined therapy group and 10.6 months in oxaliplatin group. After treatment, CD4+ and CD3+ levels in the peripheral blood in both groups were obviously lower than those before treatment, but the CD8+ level was obviously higher than that before treatment. At the same time, changes in the ratio of T lymphocyte subsets in combined therapy group were superior to those in oxaliplatin group, displaying statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Oxaliplatin combined with endostar has a good curative effect in the treatment of PHC with mild adverse reactions, which can prolong the survival time of patients, improve the levels of T lymphocyte subsets and increase the immunity of patients, so it is worthy of promotion and application in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Lei
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Defa Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Meixia Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Chuantao Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Pan
- Department of Blood Εndocrinology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
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6
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Guan B, Wu K, Zeng J, Xu S, Mu L, Gao Y, Wang K, Ma Z, Tian J, Shi Q, Guo P, Wang X, He D, Du Y. Tumor-suppressive microRNA-218 inhibits tumor angiogenesis via targeting the mTOR component RICTOR in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8162-8172. [PMID: 28030804 PMCID: PMC5352391 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs, a kind of small non-coding RNAs, can regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or degradation. Much evidence has suggested that miR-218 was a tumor suppressor in many human cancers including prostate cancer. However, the underlying role of miR-218 in tumor angiogenesis and the mechanisms in PCa and other cancers remains to be unclear. Here in this present study, we demonstrated that miR-218 inhibited the tumor angiogenesis of PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. RICTOR, the mTOR component 2, was a direct target of miR-218 and miR218-RICTOR-VEGFA axis was the mechanism inhibiting the tumor angiogenesis of PCa cells. RICTOR knockdown phenocopied miR-218 overexpression in inhibiting prostate cancer angiogenesis. Altogether, our findings indicate that down-regulation of miR-218 contributes to tumor angiogenesis through RICTOR/VEGFA axis in PCa, providing new insights into the potential mechanisms of PCa oncogenesis and revealing the potential of miR-218 as a useful serum biomarker and a new therapeutic target for human PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Mu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenkun Ma
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juanhua Tian
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuefeng Du
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Wang Y, Wang L, Chen C, Chu X. New insights into the regulatory role of microRNA in tumor angiogenesis and clinical implications. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:22. [PMID: 29415727 PMCID: PMC5804051 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Understanding the regulation of tumor angiogenesis has become increasingly important. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that function in diverse biological processes via post-transcriptional regulation. Extensive studies have revealed two important regulatory roles of miRNAs in tumor angiogenesis: miRNAs in tumor cells affect the activity of endothelial cells via non-cell-autonomous mechanisms, and miRNAs in endothelial cells regulate the cell-autonomous behavior. Recent advances have further highlighted the role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis via transferring miRNAs to endothelial cells. In this review, we summarize the regulatory role of miRNA in tumor angiogenesis, with a highlight on clinical implications of miRNAs as biomarkers for anti-angiogenic therapy response, and as therapeutic interventions against tumor angiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China.
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8
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Circulating Plasma Levels of miR-20b, miR-29b and miR-155 as Predictors of Bevacizumab Efficacy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010307. [PMID: 29361687 PMCID: PMC5796251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting angiogenesis in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common strategy, for which potential predictive biomarkers have been studied. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in several processes including the angiogenic pathway. They are very stable in biological fluids, which turns them into potential circulating biomarkers. In this study, we considered a case series of patients with metastatic (m) CRC treated with a bevacizumab (B)-based treatment, enrolled in the prospective multicentric Italian Trial in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (ITACa). We then analyzed a panel of circulating miRNAs in relation to the patient outcome. In multivariate analysis, circulating basal levels of hsa-miR-20b-5p, hsa-miR-29b-3p and hsa-miR-155-5p resulted in being significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.027, p = 0.034 and p = 0.039, respectively) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.044, p = 0.024 and p = 0.032, respectively). We also observed that an increase in hsa-miR-155-5p at the first clinical evaluation was significantly associated with shorter PFS (HR 3.03 (95% CI 1.06-9.09), p = 0.040) and OS (HR 3.45 (95% CI 1.18-10.00), p = 0.024), with PFS and OS of 9.5 (95% CI 6.8-18.7) and 15.9 (95% CI 8.4-not reached), respectively, in patients with an increase ≥30% of hsa-miR-155-5p and 22.3 (95% CI 10.2-25.5) and 42.9 (24.8-not reached) months, respectively, in patients without such increase. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential usefulness of circulating basal levels of hsa-miR-20b-5p, hsa-miR-29b-3p and hsa-miR-155-5p in predicting the outcome of patients with mCRC treated with B. In addition, the variation of circulating hsa-miR-155-5p could also be indicative of the patient survival.
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9
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Jia L, Chen J, Xie C, Shao L, Xu Z, Zhang L. microRNA-1228⁎ impairs the pro-angiogenic activity of gastric cancer cells by targeting macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Life Sci 2017; 180:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Liu HT, Gao P. The roles of microRNAs related with progression and metastasis in human cancers. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5436-9. [PMID: 27714675 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is an important factor in predicting the prognosis of the patients with cancers and contributes to high cancer-related mortality. Recent studies indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) played a functional role in the initiation and progression of human malignancies. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of about 22 nucleotides in length that can induce messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or repress mRNA translation by binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of their target genes. Overwhelming reports indicated that miRNAs could regulate cancer invasion and metastasis via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related and/or non-EMT-related mechanisms. In this review, we concentrate on the underlying mechanisms of miRNAs in regulating cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Tanaka T, Kutomi G, Kajiwara T, Kukita K, Kochin V, Kanaseki T, Tsukahara T, Hirohashi Y, Torigoe T, Okamoto Y, Hirata K, Sato N, Tamura Y. Cancer-associated oxidoreductase ERO1-α drives the production of VEGF via oxidative protein folding and regulating the mRNA level. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:1227-34. [PMID: 27100727 PMCID: PMC4891497 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endoplasmic reticulum disulfide oxidase 1-α (ERO1-α) is an oxidase that exists in the endoplasmic reticulum and has a role in the formation of disulfide bonds of secreted proteins and cell-surface proteins. Recently, we reported that ERO1-α is present in high levels in various types of tumours, and that ERO1-α is a novel factor of poor prognosis. However, how ERO1-α affects a tumour in vivo and why patients who have a tumour with a high expression level of ERO1-α have a poor prognosis are still unknown. Therefore, to clarify the mechanism, we investigated the effect of ERO1-α on a tumour from the point of view of angiogenesis. Methods: The effect of ERO1-α on tumour growth and angiogenesis was analysed by using non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient mice. The production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in MDA-MB-231 cells with ERO1-α- overexpression or with ERO1-α knockdown was measured. The role of ERO1-α on VEGF expression was investigated. In triple-negative breast cancer cases, the relationship between expression of ERO1-α and angiogenesis was analysed. Results: We found that the expression of ERO1-α promoted tumour growth in a mouse study and angiogenesis. The effects of ERO1-α on angiogenesis were mediated via oxidative protein folding of VEGF and enhancement of VEGF mRNA expression by using MDA-MB-231. In triple-negative breast cancer cases, the expression of ERO1-α related to the number of the blood vessel. Furthermore, we found that ERO1-α was a poor prognosis factor in triple-negative breast cancer. Conclusions: Our study has established a novel link between expression of ERO1-α and secretion of VEGF, providing new evidence for the effectiveness of ERO1-α-targeted therapy in patients with ERO1-α-expressed cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Goro Kutomi
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Kajiwara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Kukita
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Vitaly Kochin
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami 680-8550, Tottori, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tamura
- Center for Innovation and Business Promotion, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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12
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Zhang X, Tang J, Zhi X, Xie K, Wang W, Li Z, Zhu Y, Yang L, Xu H, Xu Z. miR-874 functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting angiogenesis through STAT3/VEGF-A pathway in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1605-17. [PMID: 25596740 PMCID: PMC4359318 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenously expressed, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or degradation. Our previous studies indicated that miR-874 played a suppressive role in gastric cancer (GC) development and progression. However, the role of miR-874 in tumor angiogenesis and the mechanisms underlying its function in GC remained to be clarified. Here, gain- and loss-of-function assays demonstrated that miR-874 inhibited the tumor angiogenesis of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Through reporter gene and western blot assays, STAT3 was shown to be a direct target of miR-874. Overexpression of STAT3 rescued the loss of tumor angiogenesis caused by miR-874. Conversely, the STAT3-shRNA attenuated the increased tumor angiogenesis caused by the miR-874-inhibitor. Furthermore, the levels of miR-874 were inversely correlated with those of STAT3 protein in GC tissues. Taken together, these findings indicate that down-regulation of miR-874 contributes to tumor angiogenesis through STAT3 in GC, highlighting the potential of miR-874 as a target for human GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huai'an People's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical College, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kunling Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Kara M, Yumrutas O, Ozcan O, Celik OI, Bozgeyik E, Bozgeyik I, Tasdemir S. Differential expressions of cancer-associated genes and their regulatory miRNAs in colorectal carcinoma. Gene 2015; 567:81-6. [PMID: 25925209 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the frequently seen malignancies in the world. To date, several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been identified and linked to colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Although recent advances in the diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer are promising, identifying novel genetic contributors is still high priority. In the present study, expression profile of some cancer-related genes and their regulatory miRNA molecules were evaluated by using a high-throughput real-time PCR method. For the study, a total of 54 patients diagnosed with CRC and normal colon tissue samples of 42 healthy controls were included. For the expression analysis, total RNA was extracted from FFPE tissue samples and converted to cDNA. All expression analyses were assessed by using Fluidigm Microfluidic Dynamic Array chips for 96 samples and the reactions were held in Fluidigm BioMark™ HD System Real-Time PCR. As a result of the study, expression of the ADAMTS1, FHIT, RUNX1, RUNX3 and WWOX genes was shown to be significantly altered in CRC tissues in contrast to normal tissue samples. Moreover, miR-378a-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-193b-3p, miR-96-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-133b, miR-203a, miR-205-5p, miR-34c-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-301a-3p, miR-132-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-29a-3p and miR-29b-3p were found to be significantly deregulated in CRC. Consequently, results of the current study strongly suggest the involvement of novel cancer-related genes and their regulatory miRNAs in CRC physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Onder Yumrutas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Onder Ozcan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ilhan Celik
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Esra Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
| | - Sener Tasdemir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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14
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Sohn EJ, Won G, Lee J, Lee S, Kim SH. Upregulation of miRNA3195 and miRNA374b Mediates the Anti-Angiogenic Properties of Melatonin in Hypoxic PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2015; 6:19-28. [PMID: 25553085 PMCID: PMC4278911 DOI: 10.7150/jca.9591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently microRNAs (miRNAs) have been attractive targets with their key roles in biological regulation through post-transcription to control mRNA stability and protein translation. Though melatonin was known as an anti-angiogenic agent, the underlying mechanism of melatonin in PC-3 prostate cancer cells under hypoxia still remains unclear. Thus, in the current study, we elucidated the important roles of miRNAs in melatonin-induced anti-angiogenic activity in hypoxic PC-3 cells. miRNA array revealed that 33 miRNAs (>2 folds) including miRNA3195 and miRNA 374b were significantly upregulated and 16 miRNAs were downregulated in melatonin-treated PC-3 cells under hypoxia compared to untreated control. Melatonin significantly attenuated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha, HIF-2 alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at mRNA level in hypoxic PC-3 cells. Consistently, melatonin enhanced the expression of miRNA3195 and miRNA 374b in hypoxic PC-3 cells by qRT-PCR analysis. Of note, overexpression of miRNA3195 and miRNA374b mimics attenuated the mRNA levels of angiogenesis related genes such as HIF-1alpha, HIF-2 alpha and VEGF in PC-3 cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, overexpression of miRNA3195 and miRNA374b suppressed typical angiogenic protein VEGF at the protein level and VEGF production induced by melatonin, while antisense oligonucleotides against miRNA 3195 or miRNA 374b did not affect VEGF production induced by melatonin. Also, overexpression of miR3195 or miR374b reduced HIF-1 alpha immunofluorescent expression in hypoxic PC-3 compared to untreated control. Overall, our findings suggest that upregulation of miRNA3195 and miRNA374b mediates anti-angiogenic property induced by melatonin in hypoxic PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Sohn
- 1. College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Gunho Won
- 1. College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- 1. College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- 2. Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- 1. College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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Sato-Kuwabara Y, Melo SA, Soares FA, Calin GA. The fusion of two worlds: non-coding RNAs and extracellular vesicles--diagnostic and therapeutic implications (Review). Int J Oncol 2014; 46:17-27. [PMID: 25338714 PMCID: PMC4238728 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the extracellular non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs present in tumor-derived extravesicles, has been intensively exploited in human cancer as a promising tool for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Current knowledge on exosomes shows an important role not only as vehicles in the intercellular communication, but the transfer of their content can specifically modulate the surrounding microenvironment, leading to tumor development and progression and affecting therapy response. Based on this, much effort has focused on understanding the mechanisms behind the biology of exosomes and their closely interaction with non-coding RNAs as an efficient tool in tumor diagnostic and therapy. Here we summarize the current knowledge on extracellular and exosomes-enclosed non-coding RNAs, and their importance as potential biomarkers and mediators of intercellular communication in tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Sato-Kuwabara
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sonia A Melo
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fernando A Soares
- International Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Hong L, Han Y, Yang J, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Wu K, Fan D. MicroRNAs in gastrointestinal cancer: prognostic significance and potential role in chemoresistance. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:1103-11. [PMID: 24707835 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.907787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although chemotherapy is an important therapeutic strategy for gastrointestinal cancer, its clinical effect remains unsatisfied due to drug resistance. Drug resistance is a complex multistep process resulting from deregulated expression of many molecules, including tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and microRNAs (miRNAs). A better understanding of drug resistance-related miRNAs may eventually lead to optimized therapeutic strategies for cancer patients. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the recent advances of drug resistance-related miRNAs in esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer. Furthermore, this study envisages future developments toward the clinical applications of these miRNAs to cancer therapy. EXPERT OPINION Drug resistance-related miRNAs may be potentially predicting biomarkers that help guide individualized chemotherapy. Specific miRNAs and their target genes can be used as therapeutic targets by reversing drug resistance. More investigations should be performed to promote the translational bridging of the latest research into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology , Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province , China +86 29 84773974 ; +86 29 82539041 ;
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17
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Hong L, Han Y, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Wu K, Fan D. Drug resistance-related miRNAs in hepatocellular cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 8:283-8. [PMID: 24502538 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2014.881713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer is a hypervascular cancer characterized by rapid progression as well as resistance to chemotherapy. Drug resistance arises from the alteration of many molecules, including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and miRNAs. This review evaluates the advances of drug resistance-related miRNAs in hepatocellular cancer, and analyzes the value of them as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review also discusses the limitations of miRNA-based therapy, and envisages future developments toward the clinical applications of drug resistance-related miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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18
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Hong L, Han Y, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Wu K, Fan D. Prognosis-related microRNAs in esophageal cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:483-9. [PMID: 24506707 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.882896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite improvements in detection, surgical resection and adjuvant therapy, the prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC) patients is dismal. A number of microRNAs (miRNAs) are related with the prognosis of EC. AREAS COVERED This review summarises the recent advances in prognosis-related miRNAs in EC and also analyses the molecular functions that they provide. This study further envisages future developments in the potential clinical applications of these miRNAs. EXPERT OPINION Altered miRNA expression of cancer tissues is useful for predicting the prognosis of EC patients. Individual circulating miRNAs have the potential to be used as novel biomarkers. Continued basic studies are warranted to gain more mechanistic insights into the functional effect of prognosis-related miRNAs on EC. More clinical trials should be performed to promote the clinical use of prognosis-related miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province , China +86 29 84773974 ; +86 29 82539041 ; ,
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Hong L, Han Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Wu K, Fan D. MicroRNA-21: a therapeutic target for reversing drug resistance in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:1073-80. [PMID: 23865553 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.819853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug resistance is a major clinical obstacle to the successful treatment of human cancer. The microRNAs-21 (miR-21), an oncomiR, may play an important role in the progress of drug resistance. AREAS COVERED This review covers all related literature on miR-21 in drug resistance of human cancers and analyzes the expression, biological functions and targets of it. This study also envisages future developments toward its clinical and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION The miR-21 may promote the drug resistance of various cancers. Inhibitors of miR-21 may function as effective approaches for reversing drug resistance in cancer cells. There is a tough way from discovering the function of miR-21 to clinical use. Further understanding of miR-21-mediated signaling pathways will help to promote the therapeutic-clinical use of miR-21 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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