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Wu K, Chen H, Li F, Meng X, Chen L, Li N. Identification of potential biomarkers for atrial fibrillation and stable coronary artery disease based on WGCNA and machine algorithms. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:401. [PMID: 39090590 PMCID: PMC11295489 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) often have coronary artery disease (CAD), but the biological link between them remains unclear. This study aims to explore the common pathogenesis of AF and CAD and identify common biomarkers. METHODS Gene expression profiles for AF and stable CAD were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Overlapping genes related to both diseases were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), followed by functional enrichment analysis. Hub genes were then identified using the machine learning algorithm. Immune cell infiltration and correlations with hub genes were explored, followed by drug predictions. Hub gene expression in AF and CAD patients was validated by real-time qPCR. RESULTS We obtained 28 common overlapping genes in AF and stable CAD, mainly enriched in the PI3K-Akt, ECM-receptor interaction, and relaxin signaling pathway. Two hub genes, COL6A3 and FKBP10, were positively correlated with the abundance of MDSC, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells in AF and negatively correlated with the abundance of CD56dim natural killer cells in CAD. The AUCs of COL6A3 and FKBP10 were all above or close to 0.7. Drug prediction suggested that collagenase clostridium histolyticum and ocriplasmin, which target COL6A3, may be potential drugs for AF and stable CAD. Additionally, COL6A3 and FKBP10 were upregulated in patients with AF and CAD. CONCLUSION COL6A3 and FKBP10 may be key biomarkers for AF and CAD, providing new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
- Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Intensive Care Department, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xiangjuan Meng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Medical Imaging Department, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 29 Longtan Road, Taian, Shandong, 27100, China.
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Whitehead M, Osborne A, Widdowson PS, Yu-Wai-Man P, Martin KR. Angiopoietins in Diabetic Retinopathy: Current Understanding and Therapeutic Potential. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:5140521. [PMID: 31485452 PMCID: PMC6710771 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5140521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the commonest cause of blindness in the working-age population of the developed world. The molecular pathophysiology of DR is complex, and a complete spatiotemporal model of the disease is still being elucidated. Recently, a role for angiopoietin (Ang) proteins in the pathophysiology of DR has been proposed by several research groups, and several aspects of Ang signalling are being explored as novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the role of the Ang proteins in two important forms of DR, diabetic macular oedema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The function of the Ang proteins in regulating blood vessel permeability and neovascularisation is discussed, and we also evaluate recent preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the potential benefits of modulating Ang signalling as a treatment for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Whitehead
- Van Geest Building, West Forvie Site, Addenbrookes Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Osborne
- Van Geest Building, West Forvie Site, Addenbrookes Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter S. Widdowson
- Camburgh House 27 New Dover Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 3DN, UK
- Ikarovec Ltd., Canterbury, UK
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- Van Geest Building, West Forvie Site, Addenbrookes Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Keith R. Martin
- Van Geest Building, West Forvie Site, Addenbrookes Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Okada M, Cardoso JN, Sim D, Egan CA, Ahmed S, Tufail A. Multimodal retinal imaging in the diagnosis of intraretinal microvascular abnormality. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2016.1251310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tolentino MS, Tolentino AJ, Tolentino MJ. Current and investigational drugs for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:1011-22. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1201062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Akbar Khan I, Mohamed MD, Mann SS, Hysi PG, Laidlaw DA. Prevalence of vitreomacular interface abnormalities on spectral domain optical coherence tomography of patients undergoing macular photocoagulation for centre involving diabetic macular oedema. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 99:1078-81. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Filas BA, Shah NS, Zhang Q, Shui YB, Lake SP, Beebe DC. Quantitative imaging of enzymatic vitreolysis-induced fiber remodeling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:8626-37. [PMID: 25468895 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Collagen fiber remodeling in the vitreous body has been implicated in cases of vitreomacular traction, macular hole, and retinal detachment, and also may occur during pharmacologic vitreolysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate quantitative polarized light imaging (QPLI) as a tool for studying fiber organization in the vitreous and near the vitreoretinal interface in control and enzymatically perturbed conditions. METHODS Fiber alignment was measured in anterior-posterior sections of bovine and porcine vitreous. Additional tests were performed on bovine lenses and nasal-temporal vitreous sections. Effects of proteoglycan degradation on collagen fiber alignment using trypsin and plasmin were assessed at the microstructural level using electron microscopy and at the global level using QPLI. RESULTS Control vitreous showed fiber organization patterns consistent with the literature across multiple-length scales, including the global anterior-posterior coursing of vitreous fibers, as well as local fibers parallel to the equatorial vitreoretinal interface and transverse to the posterior interface. Proteoglycan digestion with trypsin or plasmin significantly increased fiber alignment throughout the vitreous (P < 0.01). The largest changes (3×) occurred in the posterior vitreous where fibers are aligned transverse to the posterior vitreoretinal interface (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Proteoglycan loss due to enzymatic vitreolysis differentially increases fiber alignment at locations where tractions are most common. We hypothesize that a similar mechanism leads to retinal complications during age-related vitreous degeneration. Structural changes to the entire vitreous body (as opposed to the vitreoretinal interface alone) should be evaluated during preclinical testing of pharmacological vitreolysis candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamen A Filas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Nihar S Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Bo Shui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Spencer P Lake
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - David C Beebe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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Flamendorf J, Fine HF. Pharmacotherapy for Treatment and Prevention of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. CURRENT OPHTHALMOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40135-014-0053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schwartz SG, Flynn HW, Scott IU. Emerging drugs for diabetic macular edema. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2014; 19:397-405. [PMID: 25141904 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2014.938048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy. The treatment of DME has recently undergone a paradigm shift. Traditionally, photocoagulation was standard treatment, but pharmacologic therapies are becoming increasingly used for this purpose. All currently available drug therapies for DME are either anti-VEGF agents or corticosteroids. AREAS COVERED The pathogenesis of DME involves angiogenesis, inflammation and oxidative stress. The scientific rationale to treat DME through the pharmacologic blockade of VEGF and other pro-angiogenic factors is discussed. The fluocinolone insert is approved for the treatment of DME in several European countries, but not in the US at this time. Some medications that are already approved for other retinal diseases, most prominently aflibercept and the dexamethasone delivery system, have recently obtained approval for DME in the US. Other compounds are being studied in earlier-phase clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Pharmacologic treatment of DME will likely become increasingly used, especially for patients with edema involving the fovea. At this time, the two main classes of medication for treatment of DME are anti-VEGF agents and corticosteroids. As we continue to collect clinical trials data, the precise role of individual agents, and the continuing role for photocoagulation, will become more clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Schwartz
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute , 311 9th Street North, #100, Naples, FL 34102 , USA
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