1
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Seyhan AA. Trials and Tribulations of MicroRNA Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1469. [PMID: 38338746 PMCID: PMC10855871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the link between microRNAs (miRNAs) and a myriad of human diseases, particularly various cancer types, has generated significant interest in exploring their potential as a novel class of drugs. This has led to substantial investments in interdisciplinary research fields such as biology, chemistry, and medical science for the development of miRNA-based therapies. Furthermore, the recent global success of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines against the COVID-19 pandemic has further revitalized interest in RNA-based immunotherapies, including miRNA-based approaches to cancer treatment. Consequently, RNA therapeutics have emerged as highly adaptable and modular options for cancer therapy. Moreover, advancements in RNA chemistry and delivery methods have been pivotal in shaping the landscape of RNA-based immunotherapy, including miRNA-based approaches. Consequently, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry has witnessed a resurgence of interest in incorporating RNA-based immunotherapies and miRNA therapeutics into their development programs. Despite substantial progress in preclinical research, the field of miRNA-based therapeutics remains in its early stages, with only a few progressing to clinical development, none reaching phase III clinical trials or being approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and several facing termination due to toxicity issues. These setbacks highlight existing challenges that must be addressed for the broad clinical application of miRNA-based therapeutics. Key challenges include establishing miRNA sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity towards their intended targets, mitigating immunogenic reactions and off-target effects, developing enhanced methods for targeted delivery, and determining optimal dosing for therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Additionally, the limited understanding of the precise functions of miRNAs limits their clinical utilization. Moreover, for miRNAs to be viable for cancer treatment, they must be technically and economically feasible for the widespread adoption of RNA therapies. As a result, a thorough risk evaluation of miRNA therapeutics is crucial to minimize off-target effects, prevent overdosing, and address various other issues. Nevertheless, the therapeutic potential of miRNAs for various diseases is evident, and future investigations are essential to determine their applicability in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila A. Seyhan
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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2
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Host miRNA and immune cell interactions: relevance in nano-therapeutics for human health. Immunol Res 2021; 70:1-18. [PMID: 34716546 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Around 2200 miRNA (microRNA) genes were found in the human genome. miRNAs are arranged in clusters within the genome and share the same transcriptional regulatory units. It has been revealed that approximately 50% of miRNAs elucidated in the genome are transcribed from non-protein-coding genes, and the leftover miRNAs are present in the introns of coding sequences. We are now approaching a stage in which miRNA diagnostics and therapies can be established confidently, and several commercial efforts are underway to carry these innovations from the bench to the clinic. MiRNAs control many of the significant cellular activities such as production, differentiation, growth, and metabolism. Particularly in the immune system, miRNAs have emerged as a crucial biological component during diseased state and homeostasis. miRNAs have been found to regulate inflammatory responses and autoimmune disorders. Moreover, each miRNA targets multiple genes simultaneously, making miRNAs promising tools as diagnostic biomarkers and as remedial targets. Still, one of the major obstacles in miRNA-based approaches is the achievement of specific and efficient systemic delivery of miRNAs. To overcome these challenges, nanoformulations have been synthesized to protect miRNAs from degradation and enhance cellular uptake. The current review deals with the miRNA-mediated regulation of the recruitment and activation of immune cells, especially in the tumor microenvironment, viral infection, inflammation, and autoimmunity. The nano-based miRNA delivery modes are also discussed here, especially in the context of immune modulation.
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3
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Lee SS. Therapeutic advances of miRNAs: A preclinical and clinical update. J Adv Res 2021; 28:127-138. [PMID: 33364050 PMCID: PMC7753224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs, a class of small endogenous RNAs, are one of the essential biopharmaceuticals which are in commercial spans as next-generation medicine in recent times. A snapshot of the current scenario regarding the miRNAs as biopharmaceuticals have been discussed. In this work, biopharmaceutical companies working with miRNAs and the current status of preclinical/clinical trials about miRNA therapeutics have been reviewed. Finally, recent updates on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), as well as a delivery system of miRNAs, have been illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Rd, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
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4
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Elhefnawi M, Salah Z, Soliman B. The Promise of miRNA Replacement Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Gene Ther 2019; 19:290-304. [DOI: 10.2174/1566523219666191023101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a devastating tumor which accounts for death mortality rate
94% globally, and about 780,000 new cases each year. Tumor suppressor miRNAs represent a class of
noncoding RNAs, which exhibit decreased or inhibited expression in the case of carcinogenesis.
Therefore, the replacement of these molecules leads to post-transcriptional regulation of tens to hundreds
of oncogenic targets and limiting the tumor. Interestingly, there is a group of tumor silencer
miRNAs that have been highlighted in HCC and herein, our review will discuss the prominent examples
of these miRs in terms of their efficient delivery using vectors, nano-delivery systems, their successful
models either in vitro or in vivo and pre-clinical trials. Collectively, tumor suppressor miRNAs
can act as novel therapeutics for HCC and more studies should be directed towards these promising
therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elhefnawi
- Biomedical Informatics and Chemo-Informatics Group Leader, Centre of Excellence for Medical Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Salah
- Biomedical Informatics and Chemo-Informatics Group Leader, Centre of Excellence for Medical Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bangly Soliman
- Biomedical Informatics and Chemo-Informatics Group Leader, Centre of Excellence for Medical Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
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5
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miR-361 enhances sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil by targeting the FOXM1-ABCC5/10 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4064-4073. [PMID: 31579069 PMCID: PMC6757261 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of most common malignancies worldwide. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a mainstay of CRC treatment, particularly in patients with advanced stages of the disease; however, 5-FU-based chemotherapy is not always effective and may result in progression of the disease. The present study investigated several candidate microRNAs (miRs) in parental and 5-FU-resistant HCT116 and HT29 cells, and identified miR-361 as a novel regulator of chemosensitivity. Overexpression of miR-361 enhanced the 5-FU susceptibility of parental and resistant HCT116 and HT29 cells in vitro. Impaired colony formation capacity and increased cell apoptosis (as determined via flow cytometry) was observed in resistant HCT116 and HT29 cells. Furthermore, forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was identified as a target gene of miR-361 using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Additionally, FOXM1 knockdown improved the cytotoxicity of 5-FU in resistant CRC. ATP binding cassette subfamily C members 5 and 10 (ABCC5/10) were found to be downstream effectors of miR-361. In conclusion, miR-361 increased chemosensitivity, at least in part, via modulation of FOXM1-ABCC5/10. miR-361 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients with CRC.
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6
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Bai Z, Wei J, Yu C, Han X, Qin X, Zhang C, Liao W, Li L, Huang W. Non-viral nanocarriers for intracellular delivery of microRNA therapeutics. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1209-1225. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small regulatory noncoding RNAs that regulate various biological processes. Herein, we will present the development of the strategies for intracellular miRNAs delivery, and specially focus on the rational designed routes, their mechanisms of action, as well as potential therapeutics used in the host cells orin vivostudies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiman Bai
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xisi Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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7
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Reprogramming Cells for Synergistic Combination Therapy with Nanotherapeutics against Uveal Melanoma. Biomimetics (Basel) 2018; 3:biomimetics3040028. [PMID: 31105250 PMCID: PMC6352695 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics3040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults and around half of the patients develop metastasis and die shortly after because of the lack of effective therapies for metastatic UM. Consequently, new therapeutic approaches to this disease are welcome. In this regard, microRNAs have been shown to have a key role in neoplasia progression and have the potential to be used as therapeutic tools. In addition, in different cancers including UM, a particular microRNA signature appears that is different from healthy cells. Thus, restoring the regular levels of microRNAs could restore the normal behavior of cells. In this study, four microRNAs downregulated in UM have been chosen to reprogram cancer cells, to promote cell death or increase their sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic SN38. Furthermore, to improve the internalization, stability and/or solubility of the therapeutic molecules employed in this approach, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as carriers. Remarkably, this study found a synergistic effect when the four oligonucleotides were employed and when the chemotherapeutic drug was added.
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8
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Ding J, Zhao Z, Song J, Luo B, Huang L. MiR-223 promotes the doxorubicin resistance of colorectal cancer cells via regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting FBXW7. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:597-604. [PMID: 29701752 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although doxorubicin has become a key drug in cancer treatment, the resistance of colorectal carcinoma to doxorubicin is a major problem in clinical practice. F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) plays important roles in human cancers and is one of the major causes of drug resistance. The miR-223/FBXW7 pathway has been reported to be a crucial clue to the mechanism of chemoresistance in many human cancers, such as gastric cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. However, it is unclear whether similar mechanisms of doxorubicin resistance are involved in colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of miR-223/FBXW7 pathway in chemosensitivity in different CRC cell lines and to investigate the relevant underlying mechanisms. We found that high levels of FBXW7 expression were associated with increased doxorubicin sensitivity in different CRC cell lines, and FBXW7 was regulated by miR-223. Overexpression of miR-223 decreased FBXW7 expression and the sensitivity of CRC cells to doxorubicin, while suppression of miR-223 had the opposite effect. Moreover, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was proved to be regulated by miR-223/FBXW7 pathway and involved in the drug resistance. In conclusion, miR-223/FBXW7 axis regulates doxorubicin sensitivity through EMT in CRC, which may lead to the development of individualized treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Ding
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Binghua Luo
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Lingping Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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9
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Paradise BD, Barham W, Fernandez-Zapico ME. Targeting Epigenetic Aberrations in Pancreatic Cancer, a New Path to Improve Patient Outcomes? Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10050128. [PMID: 29710783 PMCID: PMC5977101 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among all types of cancers. The disease is highly aggressive and typically diagnosed in late stage making it difficult to treat. Currently, the vast majority of therapeutic regimens have only modest curative effects, and most of them are in the surgical/neo-adjuvant setting. There is a great need for new and more effective treatment strategies in common clinical practice. Previously, pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer was attributed solely to genetic mutations; however, recent advancements in the field have demonstrated that aberrant activation of epigenetic pathways contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of the disease. The identification of these aberrant activated epigenetic pathways has revealed enticing targets for the use of epigenetic inhibitors to mitigate the phenotypic changes driven by these cascades. These pathways have been found to be responsible for overactivation of growth signaling pathways and silencing of tumor suppressors and other cell cycle checkpoints. Furthermore, new miRNA signatures have been uncovered in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, further widening the window for therapeutic opportunity. There has been success in preclinical settings using both epigenetic inhibitors as well as miRNAs to slow disease progression and eliminate diseased tissues. In addition to their utility as anti-proliferative agents, the pharmacological inhibitors that target epigenetic regulators (referred to here as readers, writers, and erasers for their ability to recognize, deposit, and remove post-translational modifications) have the potential to reconfigure the epigenetic landscape of diseased cells and disrupt the cancerous phenotype. The potential to “reprogram” cancer cells to revert them to a healthy state presents great promise and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke D Paradise
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Whitney Barham
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Martín E Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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10
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Wu QB, Sheng X, Zhang N, Yang MW, Wang F. Role of microRNAs in the resistance of colorectal cancer to chemoradiotherapy. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 8:523-527. [PMID: 29556386 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the main tumor-related causes of death worldwide. The fact that the majority of the patients develop resistance to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a major obstacle for the treatment of CRC. In order to develop more effective treatment strategies, it is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of resistance to CRT. Several studies have recently indicated the regulatory effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) in response to antitumor agents. For example, miR-34a attenuates the chemoresistance of colon cancer to 5-FU by inhibiting E2F3 and SIRT1. The miR-34a mimic MRX34 is the first synthetic miRNA to have been entered into clinical trials. miR-21 prevents tumor cell stemness, invasion and drug resistance, which are required for the development of CRC. These findings suggest that miRNAs represent a focus in the research of novel cancer treatments aimed at sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of the present study was to review the functions of miRNAs and investigate the roles of miRNAs in CRC radioresistance or chemoresistance. Furthermore, the potential of including miRNAs in therapeutic strategies and using them as molecular biomarkers for predicting radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Bing Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Wei Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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11
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Sarkar BK, Lee SS. The novel strategies for next-generation cancer treatment: miRNA combined with chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:10164-10174. [PMID: 29515800 PMCID: PMC5839381 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical practitioners are recommending combination therapy in cancer for its various advantages. Combination therapy increases the efficacy of treatment due to its synergistic effects in cancer treatment. In this post-genomic era, microRNAs (miRNAs) are receiving attention for their role in human disease and disease therapy. In this review, we discuss the combination of miRNAs and chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Moreover, we attempted to portray the role of miRNAs in cancer therapy; outline combination therapy, especially chemo-combination therapy, and discuss the basis for miRNA-based chemo-combination therapies and chemo-combination therapy with miRNA for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Computer Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bimal Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Physics, School of Basic and Applied Science, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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12
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Zinger A, Cho WC, Ben-Yehuda A. Cancer and Aging - the Inflammatory Connection. Aging Dis 2017; 8:611-627. [PMID: 28966805 PMCID: PMC5614325 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and cancer are highly correlated biological phenomena. Various cellular processes such as DNA damage responses and cellular senescence that serve as tumor suppressing mechanisms throughout life result in degenerative changes and contribute to the aging phenotype. In turn, aging is considered a pro-tumorigenic state, and constitutes the single most important risk factor for cancer development. However, the causative relations between aging and cancer is not straight forward, as these processes carry contradictory hallmarks; While aging is characterized by tissue degeneration and organ loss of function, cancer is a state of sustained cellular proliferation and gain of new functions. Here, we review the molecular and cellular pathways that stand in the base of aging related cancer. Specifically, we deal with the inflammatory perspective that link these two processes, and suggest possible molecular targets that may be exploited to modify their courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adar Zinger
- 1Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - William C Cho
- 2Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Arie Ben-Yehuda
- 1Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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13
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Aunan JR, Cho WC, Søreide K. The Biology of Aging and Cancer: A Brief Overview of Shared and Divergent Molecular Hallmarks. Aging Dis 2017; 8:628-642. [PMID: 28966806 PMCID: PMC5614326 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the inevitable time-dependent decline in physiological organ function and is a major risk factor for cancer development. Due to advances in health care, hygiene control and food availability, life expectancy is increasing and the population in most developed countries is shifting to an increasing proportion of people at a cancer susceptible age. Mechanisms of aging are also found to occur in carcinogenesis, albeit with shared or divergent end-results. It is now clear that aging and cancer development either share or diverge in several disease mechanisms. Such mechanisms include the role of genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic changes, loss of proteostasis, decreased nutrient sensing and altered metabolism, but also cellular senescence and stem cell function. Cancer cells and aged cells are also fundamentally opposite, as cancer cells can be thought of as hyperactive cells with advantageous mutations, rapid cell division and increased energy consumption, while aged cells are hypoactive with accumulated disadvantageous mutations, cell division inability and a decreased ability for energy production and consumption. Nonetheless, aging and cancer are tightly interconnected and many of the same strategies and drugs may be used to target both, while in other cases antagonistic pleiotrophy come into effect and inhibition of one can be the activation of the other. Cancer can be considered an aging disease, though the shared mechanisms underpinning the two processes remain unclear. Better understanding of the shared and divergent pathways of aging and cancer is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R Aunan
- 1Gastrointestinal Translational Research Unit, Molecular Lab, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - William C Cho
- 3Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kjetil Søreide
- 1Gastrointestinal Translational Research Unit, Molecular Lab, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,4Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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14
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Zou Z, Zou R, Zong D, Shi Y, Chen J, Huang J, Zhu J, Chen L, Bao X, Liu Y, Liu W, Huang W, Hu J, Chen Z, Lao X, Chen C, Huang X, Lu Y, Ni X, Fang D, Wu D, Lu S, Jiang M, Qiu C, Wu Y, Qiu Q, Dong Y, Su Y, Zhao C, Zhong Z, Cai J, Liang Y. miR-495 sensitizes MDR cancer cells to the combination of doxorubicin and taxol by inhibiting MDR1 expression. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1929-1943. [PMID: 28411377 PMCID: PMC5571520 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MDR1 is highly expressed in MDR A2780DX5 ovarian cancer cells, MDR SGC7901R gastric cancer cells and recurrent tumours. It pumps cytoplasmic agents out of cells, leading to decreased drug accumulation in cells and making cancer cells susceptible to multidrug resistance. Here, we identified that miR-495 was predicted to target ABCB1, which encodes protein MDR1. To reduce the drug efflux and reverse MDR in cancer cells, we overexpressed a miR-495 mimic in SGC7901R and A2780DX cells and in transplanted MDR ovarian tumours in vivo. The results indicated that the expression of MDR1 in the above cells or tumours was suppressed and that subsequently the drug accumulation in the MDR cells was decreased, cell death was increased, and tumour growth was inhibited after treatment with taxol-doxorubicin, demonstrating increased drug sensitivity. This study suggests that pre-treatment with miR-495 before chemotherapy could improve the curative effect on MDR1-based MDR cancer.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- Rifampin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyou Zou
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
- Biochemistry Department of Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Ruyi Zou
- Chemistry Department of Shangrao Normal UniversityShangraoJXChina
| | - Dan Zong
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Life science College of Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJSChina
| | - Jinyao Chen
- Radiology Department of Taizhou HospitalTaizhouZJChina
| | - Jie Huang
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Liguan Chen
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Xiaoyan Bao
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Yuan Liu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Weihao Liu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | | | - Jingsang Hu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Zhi Chen
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Xiaojie Lao
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | | | | | - Yao Lu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Xueyin Ni
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuya Wu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Qisha Qiu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | | | - Yangyang Su
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | | | - Zhihe Zhong
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Jing Cai
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Yong Liang
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
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15
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Chan LWC, Wang F, Meng F, Wang L, Wong SCC, Au JSK, Yang S, Cho WCS. MiR-30 Family Potentially Targeting PI3K-SIAH2 Predicted Interaction Network Represents a Novel Putative Theranostic Panel in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Genet 2017; 8:8. [PMID: 28210267 PMCID: PMC5288379 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises about 84% of all lung cancers. Many treatment options are available but the survival rate is still very low due to drug resistance. It has been found that phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) affects sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including gefitinib and erlotinib. Expression level of seven in absentia homolog 2 (SIAH2), an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, is upregulated in NSCLC and correlated with tumor grade. However, the relationship between PI3K and SIAH2 remains unclear and therefore it is not known whether they can act as treatment co-targets and theranostic dual markers for overcoming TKI resistance. It is worthy to note that PI3K and SIAH2 are potentially regulated by a common group of microRNAs in miR-30 family. Our bioinformatics analyses showed upregulated SIAH2 expression in NSCLC based on mass spectrometry data, explored its indirect interaction with PI3K and predicted their targeting microRNAs in common. We have also explored the potential role of miR-30 family in the modulation of PI3K-SIAH2 interaction in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W C Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fengfeng Wang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fei Meng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Sijun Yang
- ABSL-3 Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment and State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, Institute of Animal Model for Human Diseases, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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16
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Leichter AL, Sullivan MJ, Eccles MR, Chatterjee A. MicroRNA expression patterns and signalling pathways in the development and progression of childhood solid tumours. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:15. [PMID: 28103887 PMCID: PMC5248531 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of childhood solid tumours is tied to early developmental processes. These tumours may be complex and heterogeneous, and elucidating the aberrant mechanisms that alter the early embryonic environment and lead to disease is essential to our understanding of how these tumours function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital regulators of gene expression at all stages of development, and their crosstalk via developmental signalling pathways is essential for orchestrating regulatory control in processes such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of cells. Oncogenesis, from aberrant miRNA expression, can occur through amplification and overexpression of oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs), genetic loss of tumour suppressor miRNAs, and global miRNA reduction from genetic and epigenetic alterations in the components regulating miRNA biogenesis. While few driver mutations have been identified in many of these types of tumours, abnormal miRNA expression has been found in a number of childhood solid tumours compared to normal tissue. An exploration of the network of key developmental pathways and interacting miRNAs may provide insight into the development of childhood solid malignancies and how key regulators are affected. Here we present a comprehensive introduction to the roles and implications of miRNAs in normal early development and childhood solid tumours, highlighting several tumours in depth, including embryonal brain tumours, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, Wilms tumour, and hepatoblastoma. In light of recent literature describing newer classifications and subtyping of tumours based on miRNA profiling, we discuss commonly identified miRNAs, clusters or families associated with several solid tumours and future directions for improving therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Leichter
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 56 Hanover Street, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | | | - Michael R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 56 Hanover Street, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 56 Hanover Street, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
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17
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Xue J, Yang J, Luo M, Cho WC, Liu X. MicroRNA-targeted therapeutics for lung cancer treatment. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 12:141-157. [PMID: 27866431 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1263298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that repress the expression of a broad array of target genes. Many efforts have been made to therapeutically target miRNAs in cancer treatments using miRNA mimics and miRNA antagonists. Areas covered: This article summarizes the recent findings with the role of miRNAs in lung cancer, and discusses the potential and challenges of developing miRNA-targeted therapeutics in this dreadful disease. Expert opinion: The development of miRNA-targeted therapeutics has become an important anti-cancer strategy. Results from both preclinical and clinical trials of microRNA replacement therapy have shown some promise in cancer treatment. However, some obstacles, including drug delivery, specificity, off-target effect, toxicity mediation, immunological activation and dosage determination should be addressed. Several delivery strategies have been employed, including naked oligonucleotides, liposomes, aptamer-conjugates, nanoparticles and viral vectors. However, delivery remains a main challenge in miRNA-targeting therapeutics. Furthermore, immune-related serious adverse events are also a concern, which indicates the complexity of miRNA-based therapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- a Center of Laboratory Medicine , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China.,b College of Life Science , Ningxia University , Yinchuan , China
| | - Jiali Yang
- a Center of Laboratory Medicine , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China
| | - Meihui Luo
- a Center of Laboratory Medicine , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China
| | - William C Cho
- c Department of Clinical Oncology , Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- a Center of Laboratory Medicine , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China.,b College of Life Science , Ningxia University , Yinchuan , China.,d Human Stem Cell Institute , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
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18
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Sridharan K, Gogtay NJ. Therapeutic nucleic acids: current clinical status. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:659-72. [PMID: 27111518 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are simple linear polymers that have been the subject of considerable research in the last two decades and have now moved into the realm of being stand-alone therapeutic agents. Much of this has stemmed from the appreciation that they carry out myriad functions that go beyond mere storage of genetic information and protein synthesis. Therapy with nucleic acids either uses unmodified DNA or RNA or closely related compounds. From both a development and regulatory perspective, they fall somewhere between small molecules and biologics. Several of these compounds are in clinical development and many have received regulatory approval for human use. This review addresses therapeutic uses of DNA based on antisense oligonucleotides, DNA aptamers and gene therapy; and therapeutic uses of RNA including micro RNAs, short interfering RNAs, ribozymes, RNA decoys and circular RNAs. With their specificity, functional diversity and limited toxicity, therapeutic nucleic acids hold enormous promise. However, challenges that need to be addressed include targeted delivery, mass production at low cost, sustaining efficacy and minimizing off-target toxicity. Technological developments will hold the key to this and help accelerate drug approvals in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Sridharan
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Nithya Jaideep Gogtay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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19
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miR-29b and miR-198 overexpression in CD8+ T cells of renal cell carcinoma patients down-modulates JAK3 and MCL-1 leading to immune dysfunction. J Transl Med 2016; 14:84. [PMID: 27063186 PMCID: PMC4827202 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalian microRNAs (miR) regulate the expression of genes relevant for the development of adaptive and innate immunity against cancer. Since T cell dysfunction has previously been reported in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC; clear cell type), we aimed to analyze these immune cells for genetic and protein differences when compared to normal donor T cells freshly after isolation and 35 days after in vitro stimulation (IVS) with HLA-matched RCC tumor cells. Methods We investigated gene expression profiles of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells obtained from RCC patient and compared with their HLA-matched healthy sibling donors using a microarray approach. In addition, miRNAs analysis was performed in a validation cohort of peripheral blood CD8+ T cells from 25 RCC patients compared to 15 healthy volunteers. Results We observed that CD8+ T cells from RCC patients expressed reduced levels of anti-apoptotic and proliferation-associated gene products when compared with normal donor T cells both pre- and post-IVS. In particular, JAK3 and MCL-1 were down-regulated in patient CD8+ T cells versus their normal counterparts, likely due to defective suppressor activity of miR-29b and miR-198 in RCC CD8+ T cells. Indeed, specific inhibition of miR-29b or miR-198 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from RCC patients, resulted in the up-regulation of JAK3 and MCL-1 proteins and significant improvement of cell survival in vitro. Conclusions Our results suggest that miR-29b and miR-198 dysregulation in RCC patient CD8+ T cells is associated with dysfunctional immunity and foreshadow the development of miR-targeted therapeutics to correct such T cell defects in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0841-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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20
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MicroRNAs as Regulator of Signaling Networks in Metastatic Colon Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:823620. [PMID: 26064956 PMCID: PMC4438141 DOI: 10.1155/2015/823620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNA molecules capable of regulating gene expression translationally and/or transcriptionally. A large number of evidence have demonstrated that miRNAs have a functional role in both physiological and pathological processes by regulating the expression of their target genes. Recently, the functionalities of miRNAs in the initiation, progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance of tumors have gained increasing attentions. Particularly, the alteration of miRNA profiles has been correlated with the transformation and metastasis of various cancers, including colon cancer. This paper reports the latest findings on miRNAs involved in different signaling networks leading to colon cancer metastasis, mainly focusing on miRNA profiling and their roles in PTEN/PI3K, EGFR, TGFβ, and p53 signaling pathways of metastatic colon cancer. The potential of miRNAs used as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets in colon cancer is also discussed.
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