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Cabrero M, López-Corral L, Jarque I, de la Cruz-Vicente F, Pérez-López E, Valcárcel D, Sanz J, Espigado I, Ortí G, Martín-Calvo C, de la Serna J, Caballero D. Ofatumumab as part of reduced intensity conditioning in high risk B-cell lymphoma patients: final long-term analysis from a prospective multicenter Phase-II Trial. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:359-365. [PMID: 38167647 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-02171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Curative potential of allogeneic transplantation (AlloSCT) in high-risk non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) could be enhanced by the integration of Ofatumumab (OFA), a 2nd generation anti-CD20 moAb, due to an antitumor effect and a role over graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In this phase II trial (NCT01613300), we investigated safety and effectiveness of OFA-based reduced intensity conditioning (RIC). High-risk B-cell NHL patients with chemorrefractory disease or post-autologous SCT relapse were eligible. OFA was added to a standard RIC regimen. Primary endpoint was grade 3-4 aGVHD rate, while secondary endpoints included CR and survival rates. Thirty-three patients were included (median age 51; diffuse large B-cell:68%, HLA-identical donor: 74%). No grade >2 OFA toxicity was observed. Acute GVHD affected 77% of patients (16% grade 3-4). Remarkably, GVHD achieved CR in 75% of patients after first-line treatment. Chronic GVHD, primarily mild or moderate, occurred in 54% of patients. NHL CR rate at day +100 was 81%. Relapses occurred in 7 patients after a median of 3 months. Causes of death were lymphoma progression (5), infections (10), and GVHD (2). At 24 months, progression-free and overall survival rates were 50.1 and 51.6% respectively. OFA-RIC regimen is safe and effective, though acute GVHD remains a significant complication. However, data suggest that OFA could mitigate its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Cabrero
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.
| | | | - Isidro Jarque
- Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jaime Sanz
- Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Tavarozzi R, Zacchi G, Pietrasanta D, Catania G, Castellino A, Monaco F, Gandolfo C, Rivela P, Sofia A, Schiena N, Bertassello C, Limberti G, Zallio F, Zanni M, Ladetto M. Changing Trends in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment: The Role of Novel Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5397. [PMID: 38001657 PMCID: PMC10670523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We are currently witnessing a dramatic shift in our approach to the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). In the evolving clinical landscape, novel treatments for this clinically heterogeneous disease span a wide range of interventions, encompassing targeted agents, cell therapy approaches, and novel monoclonal antibodies (NMABs). Among these, the latter are likely to exert the most profound impact due to their distinctive high efficacy and versatile applicability. NMABs represent a heterogeneous group of agents, including naked antibodies, immunotoxins, and T-cell-engaging molecules. In recent times, several NMABs have either gained regulatory approval or are on the verge of introduction into clinical practice, addressing multiple therapeutic indications and treatment regimens. Their anticipated impact is expected to be broad, initially in the context of relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease and subsequently extending to early treatment lines. The scope of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the biological characteristics, clinical properties, efficacy, and toxicity profiles of NMABs that have recently been introduced or are nearing integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Tavarozzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.R.); (C.B.)
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Giulia Zacchi
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Daniela Pietrasanta
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Gioacchino Catania
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Alessia Castellino
- Department of Hematology, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Federico Monaco
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Carolina Gandolfo
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Paolo Rivela
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.R.); (C.B.)
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Antonella Sofia
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Noemi Schiena
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Claudia Bertassello
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.R.); (C.B.)
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Giulia Limberti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.R.); (C.B.)
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Francesco Zallio
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Manuela Zanni
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Marco Ladetto
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.R.); (C.B.)
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
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3
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Chen X, Gao Q, Roshal M, Cherian S. Flow cytometric assessment for minimal/measurable residual disease in B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma in the era of immunotherapy. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2023; 104:205-223. [PMID: 36683279 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) is the most important independent prognostic factor for patients with B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-LL). MRD post therapy has been incorporated into risk stratification and clinical management, resulting in substantially improved outcomes in pediatric and adult patients. Currently, MRD in B-ALL is most commonly assessed by multiparametric flow cytometry and molecular (polymerase chain reaction or high-throughput sequencing based) methods. The detection of MRD by flow cytometry in B-ALL often begins with B cell antigen-based gating strategies. Over the past several years, targeted immunotherapy directed against B cell markers has been introduced in patients with relapsed or refractory B-ALL and has demonstrated encouraging results. However, targeted therapies have significant impact on the immunophenotype of leukemic blasts, in particular, downregulation or loss of targeted antigens on blasts and normal B cell precursors, posing challenges for MRD detection using standard gating strategies. Novel flow cytometric approaches, using alternative strategies for population identification, sometimes including alternative gating reagents, have been developed and implemented to monitor MRD in the setting of post targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mikhail Roshal
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sindhu Cherian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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4
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Gklinos P, Papadopoulou M, Stanulovic V, Mitsikostas DD, Papadopoulos D. Monoclonal Antibodies as Neurological Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020092. [PMID: 33530460 PMCID: PMC7912592 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 30 years the role of monoclonal antibodies in therapeutics has increased enormously, revolutionizing treatment in most medical specialties, including neurology. Monoclonal antibodies are key therapeutic agents for several neurological conditions with diverse pathophysiological mechanisms, including multiple sclerosis, migraines and neuromuscular disease. In addition, a great number of monoclonal antibodies against several targets are being investigated for many more neurological diseases, which reflects our advances in understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. Untangling the molecular mechanisms of disease allows monoclonal antibodies to block disease pathways accurately and efficiently with exceptional target specificity, minimizing non-specific effects. On the other hand, accumulating experience shows that monoclonal antibodies may carry class-specific and target-associated risks. This article provides an overview of different types of monoclonal antibodies and their characteristics and reviews monoclonal antibodies currently in use or under development for neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Gklinos
- Department of Neurology, KAT General Hospital of Attica, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Miranta Papadopoulou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vid Stanulovic
- Global Pharmacovigilance, R&D Sanofi, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France;
| | - Dimos D. Mitsikostas
- 1st Neurology Department, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 129 Vasilissis Sophias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Salpetriere Neuropsychiatric Clinic, 149 Papandreou Street, Metamorphosi, 14452 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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5
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Didona D, Maglie R, Eming R, Hertl M. Pemphigus: Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1418. [PMID: 31293582 PMCID: PMC6603181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus encompasses a heterogeneous group of autoimmune blistering diseases, which affect both mucous membranes and the skin. The disease usually runs a chronic-relapsing course, with a potentially devastating impact on the patients' quality of life. Pemphigus pathogenesis is related to IgG autoantibodies targeting various adhesion molecules in the epidermis, including desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and 3, major components of desmosomes. The pathogenic relevance of such autoantibodies has been largely demonstrated experimentally. IgG autoantibody binding to Dsg results in loss of epidermal keratinocyte adhesion, a phenomenon referred to as acantholysis. This in turn causes intra-epidermal blistering and the clinical appearance of flaccid blisters and erosions at involved sites. Since the advent of glucocorticoids, the overall prognosis of pemphigus has largely improved. However, mortality persists elevated, since long-term use of high dose corticosteroids and adjuvant steroid-sparing immunosuppressants portend a high risk of serious adverse events, especially infections. Recently, rituximab, a chimeric anti CD20 monoclonal antibody which induces B-cell depletion, has been shown to improve patients' survival, as early rituximab use results in higher disease remission rates, long term clinical response and faster prednisone tapering compared to conventional immunosuppressive therapies, leading to its approval as a first line therapy in pemphigus. Other anti B-cell therapies targeting B-cell receptor or downstream molecules are currently tried in clinical studies. More intriguingly, a preliminary study in a preclinical mouse model of pemphigus has shown promise regarding future therapeutic application of Chimeric Autoantibody Receptor T-cells engineered using Dsg domains to selectively target autoreactive B-cells. Conversely, previous studies from our group have demonstrated that B-cell depletion in pemphigus resulted in secondary impairment of T-cell function; this may account for the observed long-term remission following B-cell recovery in rituximab treated patients. Likewise, our data support the critical role of Dsg-specific T-cell clones in orchestrating the inflammatory response and B-cell activation in pemphigus. Monitoring autoreactive T-cells in patients may indeed provide further information on the role of these cells, and would be the starting point for designating therapies aimed at restoring the lost immune tolerance against Dsg. The present review focuses on current advances, unmet challenges and future perspectives of pemphigus management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Didona
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Maglie
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Section of Dermatology, Departement of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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6
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Sun M, Zhang H. Therapeutic antibodies for mantle cell lymphoma: A brand-new era ahead. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01297. [PMID: 31016256 PMCID: PMC6475712 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogeneous aggressive disease and remains incurable with current chemotherapies. The development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) has led to substantial achievement in immunotherapeutic strategies for B-cell lymphomas including MCL. Nonetheless, progress in the clinical use of mAbs is hindered by poor efficacy, off-target toxicities and drug resistance. Thus, novel mAbs engineering and approaches to improve target specificity and enhance affinity and potency are required. In this review, we highlight the latest advances of therapeutic antibodies in MCL, alone or in combination with other strategies and agents, with a particular focus on the current challenges and future prospective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, 650031, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, 650031, China
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7
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Pierpont TM, Limper CB, Richards KL. Past, Present, and Future of Rituximab-The World's First Oncology Monoclonal Antibody Therapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:163. [PMID: 29915719 PMCID: PMC5994406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rituximab is a chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy with binding specificity to CD20. It was the first therapeutic antibody approved for oncology patients and was the top-selling oncology drug for nearly a decade with sales reaching $8.58 billion in 2016. Since its initial approval in 1997, it has improved outcomes in all B-cell malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Despite widespread use, most mechanistic data have been gathered from in vitro studies while the roles of the various response mechanisms in humans are still largely undetermined. Polymorphisms in Fc gamma receptor and complement protein genes have been implicated as potential predictors of differential response to rituximab, but have not yet shown sufficient influence to impact clinical decisions. Unlike most targeted therapies developed today, no known biomarkers to indicate target engagement/tumor response have been identified, aside from reduced tumor burden. The lack of companion biomarkers beyond CD20 itself has made it difficult to predict which patients will respond to any given anti-CD20 antibody. In the past decade, two new anti-CD20 antibodies have been approved: ofatumumab, which binds a distinct epitope of CD20, and obinutuzumab, a mAb derived from rituximab with modifications to the Fc portion and to its glycosylation. Both are fully humanized and have biological activity that is distinct from that of rituximab. In addition to these new anti-CD20 antibodies, another imminent change in targeted lymphoma treatment is the multitude of biosimilars that are becoming available as rituximab's patent expires. While the widespread use of rituximab itself will likely continue, its biosimilars will increase global access to the therapy. This review discusses current research into mechanisms and potential biomarkers of rituximab response, as well as its biosimilars and the newer CD20 binding mAb therapies. Increased ability to assess the effectiveness of rituximab in an individual patient, along with the availability of alternative anti-CD20 antibodies will likely lead to dramatic changes in how we use CD20 antibodies going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Pierpont
- Richards Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Candice B. Limper
- Richards Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Kristy L. Richards
- Richards Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Corraliza-Gorjón I, Somovilla-Crespo B, Santamaria S, Garcia-Sanz JA, Kremer L. New Strategies Using Antibody Combinations to Increase Cancer Treatment Effectiveness. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1804. [PMID: 29312320 PMCID: PMC5742572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have proven their high value in antitumor therapy over the last two decades. They are currently being used as the first-choice to treat some of the most frequent metastatic cancers, like HER2+ breast cancers or colorectal cancers, currently treated with trastuzumab (Herceptin) and bevacizumab (Avastin), respectively. The impressive therapeutic success of antibodies inhibiting immune checkpoints has extended the use of therapeutic antibodies to previously unanticipated tumor types. These anti-immune checkpoint antibodies allowed the cure of patients devoid of other therapeutic options, through the recovery of the patient’s own immune response against the tumor. In this review, we describe how the antibody-based therapies will evolve, including the use of antibodies in combinations, their main characteristics, advantages, and how they could contribute to significantly increase the chances of success in cancer therapy. Indeed, novel combinations will consist of mixtures of antibodies against either different epitopes of the same molecule or different targets on the same tumor cell; bispecific or multispecific antibodies able of simultaneously binding tumor cells, immune cells or extracellular molecules; immunomodulatory antibodies; antibody-based molecules, including fusion proteins between a ligand or a receptor domain and the IgG Fab or Fc fragments; autologous or heterologous cells; and different formats of vaccines. Through complementary mechanisms of action, these combinations could contribute to elude the current limitations of a single antibody which recognizes only one particular epitope. These combinations may allow the simultaneous attack of the cancer cells by using the help of the own immune cells and exerting wider therapeutic effects, based on a more specific, fast, and robust response, trying to mimic the action of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Corraliza-Gorjón
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somovilla-Crespo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Santamaria
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Rezahosseini O, Hanaei S, Hamadani M, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Rezaei N. The promising role of monoclonal antibodies for immunotherapy of the HIV-associated cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 37:165-173. [PMID: 29257907 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1405396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Association between HIV/AIDS and some of the cancers such as lymphomais is well known. Relative risk for developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) increases 60-200 folds in HIV-infected individuals. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and Plasmablastic Lymphoma (PBL) are among the most frequent subtypes. During the last century, scientists found that the immune system could potentially detect and destroy cancer cells. Therefore, they started a new field of study, which is named immunotherapy. There are different immunotherapeutic methods, among which therapeutic antibodies, such as Brentuximabvedotin (Adcetris), Ibritumomabtiuxetan (Zevalin) and rituximab (Rituxan), used for treatment of NHLs showed promising results. In this article, we will review the immunotherapeutic option, monoclonal antibodies, for treatment of HIV-associated NHLs as well as their recent clinical status. We will also discuss the selective monoclonal antibody for each subtype of NHLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Rezahosseini
- a Cancer Immunology Project (CIP) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Infectious and Tropical diseases , Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sara Hanaei
- a Cancer Immunology Project (CIP) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran.,c Research Center for Immunodeficiencies , Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehdi Hamadani
- e Division of Hematology & Oncology , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA.,f Cancer Immunology Project (CIP) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- a Cancer Immunology Project (CIP) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran.,c Research Center for Immunodeficiencies , Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,g Students' Scientific Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- c Research Center for Immunodeficiencies , Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,h Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,i Cancer Immunology Project (CIP) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Sheffield , UK
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Agarwal
- Department of Haematology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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11
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[Current treatment strategies for follicular lymphoma]. Internist (Berl) 2016; 57:222-9. [PMID: 26842683 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-015-0009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years major changes have taken place in the management of follicular lymphoma (FL) leading to a substantial improvement in the prognosis of patients suffering from this disease. For patients with limited disease stages I and II radiotherapy can lead to long-term remission, while it still remains unclear whether this actually represents a cure; therefore, new approaches are investigating the combination of irradiation with an anti-CD20 antibody. For patients with advanced stages III and IV and a low tumor burden, watch and wait is still the first choice of management. For advanced stages III and IV and a high tumor burden, immunochemotherapy followed by 2 years of rituximab maintenance therapy is the worldwide accepted standard. New antibodies and new agents targeting oncogenic pathways or having immunomodulatory activity provide attractive new therapeutic options, which are currently being explored in clinical phase II/III studies. These approaches provide the perspective to establish chemotherapy-free therapy concepts in the near future.
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