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Sanchez J, Gonçalves E, Llano A, Gonzáles P, Fernández-Maldonado M, Vogt A, Soria A, Perez S, Cedeño S, Fernández MA, Nourikyan J, de Bernard S, Ganoza C, Pedruzzi E, Bonduelle O, Mothe B, Gòmez CE, Esteban M, Garcia F, Lama JR, Brander C, Combadiere B. Immune Profiles Identification by Vaccinomics After MVA Immunization in Randomized Clinical Study. Front Immunol 2020; 11:586124. [PMID: 33244316 PMCID: PMC7683801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous work has demonstrated the benefits of transcutaneous immunization in targeting Langerhans cells and preferentially inducing CD8 T-cell responses. Methods In this randomized phase Ib clinical trial including 20 HIV uninfected volunteers, we compared the safety and immunogenicity of the MVA recombinant vaccine expressing HIV-B antigen (MVA-B) by transcutaneous and intramuscular routes. We hypothesized that the quality of innate and adaptive immunity differs according to the route of immunization and explored the quality of the vector vaccine-induced immune responses. We also investigated the early blood transcriptome and serum cytokine levels to identify innate events correlated with the strength and quality of adaptive immunity. Results We demonstrate that MVA-B vaccine is safe by both routes, but that the quality and intensity of both innate and adaptive immunity differ significantly. Transcutaneous vaccination promoted CD8 responses in the absence of antibodies and slightly affected gene expression, involving mainly genes associated with metabolic pathways. Intramuscular vaccination, on the other hand, drove robust changes in the expression of genes involved in IL-6 and interferon signalling pathways, mainly those associated with humoral responses, and also some levels of CD8 response. Conclusion Thus, vaccine delivery route perturbs early innate responses that shape the quality of adaptive immunity. Clinical Trial Registration http://ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier PER-073-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomedicas y Medioambientales, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Elena Gonçalves
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMIParis), Paris, France
| | - Anuska Llano
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Annika Vogt
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Susana Perez
- Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomedicas y Medioambientales, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Samandhy Cedeño
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Antonio Fernández
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Eric Pedruzzi
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMIParis), Paris, France
| | - Olivia Bonduelle
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMIParis), Paris, France
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Carmen E Gòmez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Garcia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier R Lama
- Asociacion Civil Impacta Salud y Educacion, Lima, Peru
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Behazine Combadiere
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMIParis), Paris, France
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Abstract
The skin is a highly accessible organ and due to the presence of powerful antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis, it functions as an immune barrier. This makes the skin an attractive route for potential delivery of vaccines by painless and user-friendly methods without the requirement of needles and syringes. This article reviews current attempts to administer vaccines into the skin and discusses some of the scientific issues related to the emerging delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos D Partidos
- UPR 9021, CNRS, Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 15 rue René Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
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Abstract
AIM Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Although primarily a disease of animals, it can also infect man, sometimes with fatal consequences. As a result of concerns over the illicit use of this organism, considerable effort is focussed on the development of therapies capable of conferring protection against anthrax. This brief review will describe the efforts being made to address these issues. METHODS AND RESULTS A review of the literature and the proceedings of the sixth international conference on anthrax, held in Santa Fe, USA in 2005 shows intense activity, but there has been as yet no real progress. While effective antibiotics, antitoxins and vaccines are available, concerns over their toxicity and the emergence of resistant strains have driven the development of second-generation products. The principal target for vaccine development is Protective Antigen (PA), the nontoxic cell-binding component of anthrax lethal toxin. While the recombinant products currently undergoing human clinical trials will offer considerable advantages in terms of reduced side effects and ease of production, they would still require multiple, needle-based dosing, and the inclusion of the adjuvant alum makes them expensive to administer and stockpile. To address these issues, researchers are developing vaccine formulations, which stimulate rapid protection following needle-free injection (nasal, oral or transcutaneous), and are stable at room temperature to facilitate stockpiling and mass vaccination programs. CONCLUSIONS An array of medical countermeasures targeting B. anthracis will become available over the next 5-10 years. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The huge investment of research dollars is expected to dramatically expand the knowledge base. A better understanding of basic issues, such as survival in nature and pathogenesis in humans, will facilitate the development of new modalities to eliminate the threat posed by this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W J Baillie
- Biodefence Initiative, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
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Godefroy S, Peyre M, Garcia N, Muller S, Sesardic D, Partidos CD. Effect of skin barrier disruption on immune responses to topically applied cross-reacting material, CRM(197), of diphtheria toxin. Infect Immun 2005; 73:4803-9. [PMID: 16040993 PMCID: PMC1201251 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.8.4803-4809.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The high accessibility of the skin and the presence of immunocompetent cells in the epidermis makes this surface an attractive route for needle-free administration of vaccines. However, the lining of the skin by the stratum corneum is a major obstacle to vaccine delivery. In this study we examined the effect of skin barrier disruption on the immune responses to the cross-reacting material CRM(197), a nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (DTx) that is considered as a vaccine candidate. Application of CRM(197), together with cholera toxin (CT), onto the tape-stripped skin of mice elicited antibody responses that had anti-DTx neutralizing activity. Vaccine delivery onto mildly ablated skin or intact skin did not elicit any detectable anti-CRM(197) antibodies. Mice immunized with CRM(197) alone onto the tape-stripped skin mounted a vigorous antigen-specific proliferative response. In contrast, the induction of cellular immunity after CRM(197) deposition onto mildly ablated or intact skin was adjuvant dependent. Furthermore, epidermal cells were activated and underwent apoptosis that was more pronounced when the stratum corneum was removed by tape stripping. Overall, these findings highlight the potential for transcutaneous delivery of CRM(197) and establish a correlation between the degree of barrier disruption and levels of antigen-specific immune responses. Moreover, these results provide the first evidence that the development of a transcutaneous immunization strategy for diphtheria, based on simple and practical methods to disrupt the skin barrier, is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Godefroy
- UPR 9021, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, 15 Rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg, France, Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - M. Peyre
- UPR 9021, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, 15 Rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg, France, Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - N. Garcia
- UPR 9021, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, 15 Rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg, France, Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - S. Muller
- UPR 9021, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, 15 Rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg, France, Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - D. Sesardic
- UPR 9021, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, 15 Rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg, France, Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - C. D. Partidos
- UPR 9021, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, 15 Rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg, France, Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: UPR 9021, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, 15 Rue René Descartes, F-67084, Strasbourg, France. Phone: 33(0)3-88-417024. Fax: 33(0)3-88-610680. E-mail:
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