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Ouedraogo LJ, Trznadel MJ, Kling M, Nasirian V, Borst AG, Shirsavar MA, Makowski A, McNamara MC, Montazami R, Hashemi NN. Hydrodynamic Assembly of Astrocyte Cells in Conductive Hollow Microfibers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300455. [PMID: 37953458 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The manufacturing of 3D cell scaffoldings provides advantages for modeling diseases and injuries as it enables the creation of physiologically relevant platforms. A triple-flow microfluidic device is developed to rapidly fabricate alginate/graphene hollow microfibers based on the gelation of alginate induced with CaCl2 . This five-channel microdevice actualizes continuous mild fabrication of hollow fibers under an optimized flow rate ratio of 300:200:100 µL min-1 . The polymer solution is 2.5% alginate in 0.1% graphene and a 30% polyethylene glycol solution is used as the sheath and core solutions. The biocompatibility of these conductive microfibers by encapsulating mouse astrocyte cells (C8D1A) within the scaffolds is investigated. The cells can successfully survive both the manufacturing process and prolonged encapsulation for up to 8 days, where there is between 18-53% of live cells on both the alginate microfibers and alginate/graphene microfibers. These unique 3D hollow scaffolds can significantly enhance the available surface area for nutrient transport to the cells. In addition, these conductive hollow scaffolds illustrate unique advantages such as 0.728 cm3 gr-1 porosity and two times more electrical conductivity in comparison to alginate scaffolds. The results confirm the potential of these scaffolds as a microenvironment that supports cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel J Ouedraogo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Mychal J Trznadel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - McKayla Kling
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Vahid Nasirian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Alexandra G Borst
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | | | - Andrew Makowski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Marilyn C McNamara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Reza Montazami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Nicole N Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Storm MP, Sorrell I, Shipley R, Regan S, Luetchford KA, Sathish J, Webb S, Ellis MJ. Hollow Fiber Bioreactors for In Vivo-like Mammalian Tissue Culture. J Vis Exp 2016:53431. [PMID: 27285826 PMCID: PMC4927741 DOI: 10.3791/53431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue culture has been used for over 100 years to study cells and responses ex vivo. The convention of this technique is the growth of anchorage dependent cells on the 2-dimensional surface of tissue culture plastic. More recently, there is a growing body of data demonstrating more in vivo-like behaviors of cells grown in 3-dimensional culture systems. This manuscript describes in detail the set-up and operation of a hollow fiber bioreactor system for the in vivo-like culture of mammalian cells. The hollow fiber bioreactor system delivers media to the cells in a manner akin to the delivery of blood through the capillary networks in vivo. The system is designed to fit onto the shelf of a standard CO2 incubator and is simple enough to be set-up by any competent cell biologist with a good understanding of aseptic technique. The systems utility is demonstrated by culturing the hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2/C3A for 7 days. Further to this and in line with other published reports on the functionality of cells grown in 3-dimensional culture systems the cells are shown to possess increased albumin production (an important hepatic function) when compared to standard 2-dimensional tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Storm
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath;
| | - Ian Sorrell
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool
| | | | - Sophie Regan
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool
| | - Kim A Luetchford
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath
| | - Jean Sathish
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool
| | - Steven Webb
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University
| | - Marianne J Ellis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath
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Liu N, Li Y, Yang ST. Expansion of embryonic stem cells in suspension and fibrous bed bioreactors. J Biotechnol 2014; 178:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hunt MM, Meng G, Rancourt DE, Gates ID, Kallos MS. Factorial Experimental Design for the Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells as Aggregates in Stirred Suspension Bioreactors Reveals the Potential for Interaction Effects Between Bioprocess Parameters. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 20:76-89. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Hunt
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derrick E. Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian D. Gates
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael S. Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Liu M, Liu N, Zang R, Li Y, Yang ST. Engineering stem cell niches in bioreactors. World J Stem Cells 2013; 5:124-35. [PMID: 24179601 PMCID: PMC3812517 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v5.i4.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and amniotic fluid stem cells have the potential to be expanded and differentiated into various cell types in the body. Efficient differentiation of stem cells with the desired tissue-specific function is critical for stem cell-based cell therapy, tissue engineering, drug discovery and disease modeling. Bioreactors provide a great platform to regulate the stem cell microenvironment, known as "niches", to impact stem cell fate decision. The niche factors include the regulatory factors such as oxygen, extracellular matrix (synthetic and decellularized), paracrine/autocrine signaling and physical forces (i.e., mechanical force, electrical force and flow shear). The use of novel bioreactors with precise control and recapitulation of niche factors through modulating reactor operation parameters can enable efficient stem cell expansion and differentiation. Recently, the development of microfluidic devices and microbioreactors also provides powerful tools to manipulate the stem cell microenvironment by adjusting flow rate and cytokine gradients. In general, bioreactor engineering can be used to better modulate stem cell niches critical for stem cell expansion, differentiation and applications as novel cell-based biomedicines. This paper reviews important factors that can be more precisely controlled in bioreactors and their effects on stem cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Liu
- Meimei Liu, Ning Liu, Ru Zang, Shang-Tian Yang, William G Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Liu N, Zang R, Yang ST, Li Y. Stem cell engineering in bioreactors for large-scale bioprocessing. Eng Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - Ru Zang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; FAMU-FSU College of Engineering; Florida State University; Tallahassee FL USA
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Liu N, Ouyang A, Li Y, Yang ST. Three-dimensional neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells with ACM induction in microfibrous matrices in bioreactors. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1013-22. [PMID: 23657995 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived neural cells requires an efficient differentiation process for mass production in a bioreactor. Toward this goal, neural differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in three-dimensional (3D) polyethylene terephthalate microfibrous matrices was investigated in this study. To streamline the process and provide a platform for process integration, the neural differentiation of ESCs was induced with astrocyte-conditioned medium without the formation of embryoid bodies, starting from undifferentiated ESC aggregates expanded in a suspension bioreactor. The 3D neural differentiation was able to generate a complex neural network in the matrices. When compared to 2D differentiation, 3D differentiation in microfibrous matrices resulted in a higher percentage of nestin-positive cells (68% vs. 54%) and upregulated gene expressions of nestin, Nurr1, and tyrosine hydroxylase. High purity of neural differentiation in 3D microfibrous matrix was also demonstrated in a spinner bioreactor with 74% nestin + cells. This study demonstrated the feasibility of a scalable process based on 3D differentiation in microfibrous matrices for the production of ESC-derived neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- William G. Lowrie Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Li D, Isherwood S, Motz A, Zang R, Yang ST, Wang J, Wang X. Cell-based screening of traditional Chinese medicines for proliferation enhancers of mouse embryonic stem cells. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:738-44. [PMID: 23606670 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput cell-based method was developed for screening traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs) for potential stem cell growth promoters. Mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were cultured in growth media supplemented with various TCHM extracts. The dosage-dependent effects of TCHM extracts on cell growth, including proliferation and cytotoxicity, were assessed via EGFP fluorescence measurement. Seven TCHMs were investigated, and among them Panax notoginseng (PN), Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae, Rhizoma chuanxiong, and Ganoderma lucidum spores (GLS) showed potential to improve mES cell proliferation. Eleven mixtures of these four TCHMs were then studied, and the results showed that the mixture of PN and GLS had the strongest growth promoting effect, increasing the specific growth rate of mES cells by 29.5% at a low dosage of 0.01% (wt/vol) PN/GLS (P<0.01) and 34.2% at 0.1% (wt/vol) PN/GLS (P<0.05) compared to the control. The growth promoting effect of PN/GLS was further confirmed with ES cells cultured in spinner flasks. A 29.3-fold increase in the total cell number was achieved in the medium supplemented with 0.01% PN/GLS after 5 days, while the control culture only gave a 16.8-fold increase. This cell-based screening method thus can provide an efficient and high-throughput way to explore potential stem cell growth promoters from TCHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Liang ZX, Li L, Li S, Cai YH, Yang ST, Wang JF. Enhanced propionic acid production from Jerusalem artichoke hydrolysate by immobilized Propionibacterium acidipropionici in a fibrous-bed bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 35:915-21. [PMID: 22228298 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Propionic acid is an important chemical that is widely used in the food and chemical industries. To enhance propionic acid production, a fibrous-bed bioreactor (FBB) was constructed and Jerusalem artichoke hydrolysate was used as a low-cost renewable feedstock for immobilized fermentation. Comparison of the kinetics of immobilized-cell fermentation using the FBB with those of fed-batch free-cell fermentation showed that immobilized-cell fermentation gave a much higher propionic acid concentration (68.5 vs. 40.6 g/L), propionic acid yield (0.434 vs. 0.379 g/g) and propionic acid productivity (1.55 vs. 0.190 g/L/h) at pH 6.5. Furthermore, repeated batch fermentation, carried out to evaluate the stability of the FBB system, showed that long-term operation with a high average propionic acid yield of 0.483 g/g, high productivity of 3.69 g/L/h and propionic acid concentration of 26.2 g/L were achieved in all eight repeated batches during fermentation for more than 200 h. It is thus concluded that the FBB culture system can be utilized to realize the economical production of propionic acid from Jerusalem artichoke hydrolysate during long-term operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xin Liang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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11
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Perfusion circuit concepts for hollow-fiber bioreactors used as in vitro cell production systems or ex vivo bioartificial organs. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 34:410-21. [PMID: 21623585 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.2011.8366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
For the development and implementation of primary human cell- and stem cell-based applications in regenerative medicine, large amounts of cells with well-defined characteristics are needed. Such cell quantities can be obtained with the use of hollow fiber-based bioreactors. While the use of such bioreactors generally requires a perfusion circuit, the configuration and complexity of such circuits is still in debate. We evaluated various circuit configurations to investigate potential perfusate volume shifts in the arterial and venous sides of the perfusion circuit, as well as in the feed and waste lines. Volume shifts with changes in flow conditions were measured with graduated bubble traps in the circuit, and perfusion pressures were measured at three points in the circuits. The results of this study demonstrate that the bioreactor perfusion circuit configuration has an effect on system pressures and volume shifts in the circuit. During operation, spikes in post-bioreactor pressures caused detrimental, potentially dangerous volume shifts in the feed and waste lines for configurations that lacked feed pumps and/or waste line check valves. Our results indicate that a more complex tubing circuit adds to safety of operation and avoids technical challenges associated with the use of large-scale hollow fiber bioreactors (e.g., for extracorporeal liver support or erythrocyte production from hematopoietic stem cells), including volume shifts and the need for a large reservoir. Finally, to ensure safe use of bioreactors, measuring pre-, intra-, and post-bioreactor pressures, and pump operation control is also advisable, which suggests the use of specifically developed bioreactor perfusion devices.
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Control and optimization of Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 adhesion into fibrous matrix in a fibrous bed bioreactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:98-108. [PMID: 21484272 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The great performance of a fibrous bed bioreactor (FBB) is mainly dependent on the cell adhesion and immobilization into the fibrous matrix. Therefore, understanding the mechanism and factors controling cell adhesion in the fibrous matrix is necessary to optimize the FBB setup and further improve the fermentability. The adhesion behavior of a strain of Clostridium tyrobutyricum isolated from an FBB was studied, which was proven to be affected by the different environmental conditions, such as growth phase of cells, pH, ionic strength, ionic species, and composition of media. Our results also suggested that electrostatic interactions played an important role on bacteria adhesion into the fibrous matrix. This study demonstrated that the compositions of fermentation broth would have a significant effect on cell adhesion. Consequently, a two-stage glucose supply control strategy was developed to improve the performance of FBB with higher viable cell density in the operation of the FBB setup.
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Storm MP, Orchard CB, Bone HK, Chaudhuri JB, Welham MJ. Three-dimensional culture systems for the expansion of pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 107:683-95. [PMID: 20589846 PMCID: PMC3580883 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines, and more recently human ESC lines, have become valuable tools for studying early mammalian development. Increasing interest in ESCs and their differentiated progeny in drug discovery and as potential therapeutic agents has highlighted the fact that current two-dimensional (2D) static culturing techniques are inadequate for large-scale production. The culture of mammalian cells in three-dimensional (3D) agitated systems has been shown to overcome many of the restrictions of 2D and is therefore likely to be effective for ESC proliferation. Using murine ESCs as our initial model, we investigated the effectiveness of different 3D culture environments for the expansion of pluripotent ESCs. Solohill Collagen, Solohill FACT, and Cultispher-S microcarriers were employed and used in conjunction with stirred bioreactors. Initial seeding parameters, including cell number and agitation conditions, were found to be critical in promoting attachment to microcarriers and minimizing the size of aggregates formed. While all microcarriers supported the growth of undifferentiated mESCs, Cultispher-S out-performed the Solohill microcarriers. When cultured for successive passages on Cultispher-S microcarriers, mESCs maintained their pluripotency, demonstrated by self-renewal, expression of pluripotency markers and the ability to undergo multi-lineage differentiation. When these optimized conditions were applied to unweaned human ESCs, Cultispher-S microcarriers supported the growth of hESCs that retained expression of pluripotency markers including SSEA4, Tra-1–60, NANOG, and OCT-4. Our study highlights the importance of optimization of initial seeding parameters and provides proof-of-concept data demonstrating the utility of microcarriers and bioreactors for the expansion of hESCs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107:683–695. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Storm
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Salvi JD, Lim JY, Donahue HJ. Finite element analyses of fluid flow conditions in cell culture. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:661-70. [PMID: 19778171 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies in tissue engineering and biomechanics use fluid flow stimulation, both unidirectional and oscillatory, to analyze the effects of shear stresses on cell behavior. However, it has typically been assumed that these shear stresses are uniform and that cell and substrate properties do not adversely affect these assumptions. With the increasing utilization of fluid flow in cell biology, it would be beneficial to determine the validity of various experimental protocols. Because it is difficult to determine the velocity profiles and shear stresses empirically, we used the finite element method (FEM). Using FEM, we determined the effects of cell confluence on fluid flow, the effects of cell height on the uniformity of shear stresses, apparent shear stresses exhibited by cells cultured on various substrates, and the effects of oscillatory fluid flow relative to the unidirectional flow. FEM analyses could successfully analyze flow patterns over cells for various cell confluence and shape and substrate characteristics. Our data suggest the benefits of the utilization of oscillatory fluid flow and the use of substrates that stimulate cell spreading in the distribution of more uniform shear stresses across the surface of cells. Also we demonstrated that the cells cultured on nanotopographies were exposed to greater apparent shear stresses than cells on flat controls when using the same fluid flow conditions. FEM thus provides an excellent tool for the development of experimental protocols and the design of bioreactor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Salvi
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Gerlach JC, Hout M, Edsbagge J, Björquist P, Lübberstedt M, Miki T, Stachelscheid H, Schmelzer E, Schatten G, Zeilinger K. Dynamic 3D culture promotes spontaneous embryonic stem cell differentiation in vitro. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:115-21. [PMID: 19382830 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) is promoted by a dynamic, three-dimensional (3D), tissue-density perfusion technique with continuous medium perfusion and exchange in a novel four-compartment, interwoven capillary bioreactor. We compared ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal immunoreactive tissue structures formed by mESC at culture day 10 with mouse fetal tissue development at gestational day E9.5. The results show that the bioreactor cultures more closely resemble mouse fetal tissue development at gestational day E9.5 than control mESC cultured in Petri dishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg C Gerlach
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Yang L, Sun HY, Qi NM. Novel mini β-TCP 3D perfusion bioreactor for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-0177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gerlach JC, Lübberstedt M, Edsbagge J, Ring A, Hout M, Baun M, Rossberg I, Knöspel F, Peters G, Eckert K, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Björquist P, Stachelscheid H, Urbaniak T, Schatten G, Miki T, Schmelzer E, Zeilinger K. Interwoven four-compartment capillary membrane technology for three-dimensional perfusion with decentralized mass exchange to scale up embryonic stem cell culture. Cells Tissues Organs 2010; 192:39-49. [PMID: 20197653 DOI: 10.1159/000291014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe hollow fiber-based three-dimensional (3D) dynamic perfusion bioreactor technology for embryonic stem cells (ESC) which is scalable for laboratory and potentially clinical translation applications. We added 2 more compartments to the typical 2-compartment devices, namely an additional media capillary compartment for countercurrent 'arteriovenous' flow and an oxygenation capillary compartment. Each capillary membrane compartment can be perfused independently. Interweaving the 3 capillary systems to form repetitive units allows bioreactor scalability by multiplying the capillary units and provides decentralized media perfusion while enhancing mass exchange and reducing gradient distances from decimeters to more physiologic lengths of <1 mm. The exterior of the resulting membrane network, the cell compartment, is used as a physically active scaffold for cell aggregation; adjusting intercapillary distances enables control of the size of cell aggregates. To demonstrate the technology, mouse ESC (mESC) were cultured in 8- or 800-ml cell compartment bioreactors. We were able to confirm the hypothesis that this bioreactor enables mESC expansion qualitatively comparable to that obtained with Petri dishes, but on a larger scale. To test this, we compared the growth of 129/SVEV mESC in static two-dimensional Petri dishes with that in 3D perfusion bioreactors. We then tested the feasibility of scaling up the culture. In an 800-ml prototype, we cultured approximately 5 x 10(9) cells, replacing up to 800 conventional 100-mm Petri dishes. Teratoma formation studies in mice confirmed protein expression and gene expression results with regard to maintaining 'stemness' markers during cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg C Gerlach
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA. joerg.gerlach @ cellnet.org
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Oh SK, Chen AK, Mok Y, Chen X, Lim UM, Chin A, Choo AB, Reuveny S. Long-term microcarrier suspension cultures of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2009; 2:219-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Oh SK, Choo AB. Advances and perspectives in human and mouse embryonic stem cell bioprocessing. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2008; 5:e105-e148. [PMID: 24125544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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