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Paphussaro W, Roytrakul S, Phaonakrop N, Buthasane W, Rungsipipat A, Tharasanit T, Suriyaphol G. Analysis of serum peptidome profiles of non-metastatic and metastatic feline mammary carcinoma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:280. [PMID: 38951817 PMCID: PMC11218297 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is a common aggressive and highly metastatic cancer affecting female cats. Early detection is essential for preventing local and distant metastasis, thereby improving overall survival rates. While acquiring molecular data before surgery offers significant potential benefits, the current protein biomarkers for monitoring disease progression in non-metastatic FMC (NmFMC) and metastatic FMC (mFMC) are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the serum peptidome profiles of NmFMC and mFMC using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare serum peptidome profiles in 13 NmFMC, 23 mFMC and 18 healthy cats. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed on non-trypsinized samples. RESULTS Out of a total of 8284 expressed proteins observed, several proteins were found to be associated with human breast cancer. In NmFMC, distinctive protein expressions encompassed double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen homolog 2 (STAU2), associated with cell proliferation, along with bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2A (BAZ2A) and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit epsilon (GABRE), identified as potential treatment targets. Paradoxically, positive prognostic markers emerged, such as complement C1q like 3 (C1QL3) and erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 (EPB41 or 4.1R). Within the mFMC group, overexpressed proteins associated with poor prognosis were exhibited, including B-cell lymphoma 6 transcription repressor (BCL6), thioredoxin reductase 3 (TXNRD3) and ceruloplasmin (CP). Meanwhile, the presence of POU class 5 homeobox (POU5F1 or OCT4) and laminin subunit alpha 1 (LAMA1), reported as metastatic biomarkers, was noted. CONCLUSION The presence of both pro- and anti-proliferative proteins was observed, potentially indicating a distinctive characteristic of NmFMC. Conversely, proteins associated with poor prognosis and metastasis were noted in the mFMC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weejarin Paphussaro
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wannapol Buthasane
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Gunnaporn Suriyaphol
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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2
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Ludwik KA, Greathouse FR, Han S, Stauffer K, Brenin DR, Stricker TP, Lannigan DA. Identifying the effectiveness of 3D culture systems to recapitulate breast tumor tissue in situ. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:481-496. [PMID: 37776423 PMCID: PMC11090829 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer heterogeneity contributes to chemotherapy resistance and decreased patient survival. To improve patient outcomes it is essential to develop a technology that is able to rapidly select the most efficacious therapy that targets the diverse phenotypes present within the tumor. Breast cancer organoid technologies are proposed as an attractive approach for evaluating drug responses prior to patient therapy. However, there remain challenges in evaluating the effectiveness of organoid cultures to recapitulate the heterogeneity present in the patient tumor in situ. METHOD Organoids were generated from seven normal breast and nineteen breast cancer tissues diagnosed as estrogen receptor positive or triple negative. The Jensen-Shannon divergence index, a measure of the similarity between distributions, was used to compare and evaluate heterogeneity in starting tissue and their resultant organoids. Heterogeneity was analyzed using cytokeratin 8 and cytokeratin 14, which provided an easily scored readout. RESULTS In the in vitro culture system HER1 and FGFR were able to drive intra-tumor heterogeneity to generate divergent phenotypes that have different sensitivities to chemotherapies. CONCLUSION Our methodology, which focuses on quantifiable cellular phenotypes, provides a tractable system that complements omics approaches to provide an unprecedented view of heterogeneity and will enhance the identification of novel therapies and facilitate personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Ludwik
- Department Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Frances R Greathouse
- Department Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Stauffer
- Department Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - David R Brenin
- Department Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Thomas P Stricker
- Department Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Deborah A Lannigan
- Department Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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3
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Wang RC, Wang Z. Precision Medicine: Disease Subtyping and Tailored Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3837. [PMID: 37568653 PMCID: PMC10417651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The genomics-based concept of precision medicine began to emerge following the completion of the Human Genome Project. In contrast to evidence-based medicine, precision medicine will allow doctors and scientists to tailor the treatment of different subpopulations of patients who differ in their susceptibility to specific diseases or responsiveness to specific therapies. The current precision medicine model was proposed to precisely classify patients into subgroups sharing a common biological basis of diseases for more effective tailored treatment to achieve improved outcomes. Precision medicine has become a term that symbolizes the new age of medicine. In this review, we examine the history, development, and future perspective of precision medicine. We also discuss the concepts, principles, tools, and applications of precision medicine and related fields. In our view, for precision medicine to work, two essential objectives need to be achieved. First, diseases need to be classified into various subtypes. Second, targeted therapies must be available for each specific disease subtype. Therefore, we focused this review on the progress in meeting these two objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Wang
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6J 5H4, Canada
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4
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Singhal J, Chikara S, Horne D, Awasthi S, Salgia R, Singhal SS. Targeting RLIP with CRISPR/Cas9 controls tumor growth. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:48-57. [PMID: 32426802 PMCID: PMC7877558 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the major causes of cancer deaths in women. Over half of all BCs carry genetic defects in the gene encoding p53, a powerful tumor suppressor. P53 is known as the 'guardian of the genome' because it is essential for regulating cell division and preventing tumor formation. Ral-interacting protein (RLIP) is a modular protein capable of participating in many cellular functions. Blocking this stress-responsive protein, which is overexpressed during malignancy, enables BC cells to overcome the deleterious effects of p53 loss more effectively. In the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas9) system, a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) recognizes a specific DNA sequence and directs the endonuclease Cas9 to make a double-strand break, which enables editing of targeted genes. Here, we harnessed CRISPR/Cas9 technology to target the RLIP gene in BC cells. We screened sgRNAs using a reporter system and lentivirally delivered them, along with Cas9, to BC cells for validation. We then assessed the survival, proliferation, and tumorigenicity of BC cells in vitro and the growth of tumors in vivo after CRISPR-mediated knockdown of RLIP. Doxycycline-inducible expression of Cas9 in BC cells transduced with lentiviral vectors encoding the sgRNAs disrupted the RLIP gene, leading to inhibition of BC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, with resected tumors showing reduced levels of the survival and proliferation markers Ki67, RLIP, pAkt, and survivin, the cell cycle protein CDK4, and the mesenchymal marker vimentin, as well as elevated levels of the differentiation protein E-cadherin and pro-apoptotic protein Bim. Inducible Cas9/sgRNA-transduced BC cells without doxycycline treatment did not exhibit altered cell survival or proliferation in vitro or in vivo. Our study provides proof-of-concept that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be utilized to target RLIP in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shireen Chikara
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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5
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Targeting autophagy by small molecule inhibitors of vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34) improves the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to Sunitinib. Cancer Lett 2018; 435:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Nami B, Maadi H, Wang Z. Mechanisms Underlying the Action and Synergism of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in Targeting HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100342. [PMID: 30241301 PMCID: PMC6210751 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in 20⁻30% of breast cancers. HER2 is a preferred target for treating HER2-positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab and pertuzumab are two HER2-targeted monoclonal antibodies approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use as adjuvant therapy in combination with docetaxel to treat metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Adding the monoclonal antibodies to treatment regimen has changed the paradigm for treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Despite improving outcomes, the percentage of the patients who benefit from the treatment is still low. Continued research and development of novel agents and strategies of drug combinations is needed. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the action and synergism of trastuzumab and pertuzumab is essential for moving forward to achieve high efficacy in treating HER2-positive breast cancer. This review examined and analyzed findings and hypotheses regarding the action and synergism of trastuzumab and pertuzumab and proposed a model of synergism based on available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Nami
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Hamid Maadi
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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7
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Advances in targeting epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in mammary cancer. Cell Signal 2018; 51:99-109. [PMID: 30071291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. The role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in many epithelial malignancies has been established, since it is dysregulated, overexpressed or mutated. Its overexpression has been associated with increased aggressiveness and metastatic potential in breast cancer. The well-established interplay between EGFR signaling pathway and estrogen receptors (ERs) as well as major extracellular matrix (ECM) mediators is crucial for regulating basic functional properties of breast cancer cells, including migration, proliferation, adhesion and invasion. EGFR activation leads to endocytosis of the receptor with implications in the regulation of downstream signaling effectors, the modulation of autophagy and cell survival. Therefore, EGFR is considered as a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer. Several anti-EGFR therapies (i.e. monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors) have been evaluated both in vitro and in vivo, making their way to clinical trials. However, the response rates of anti-EGFR therapies in the clinical trials is low mainly due to chemoresistance. Novel drug design, phytochemicals and microRNAs (miRNAs) are assessed as new therapeutic approaches against EGFR. The main goal of this review is to highlight the importance of targeting EGFR signaling pathway in terms of its crosstalk with ERs, the involvement of ECM effectors and epigenetics. Moreover, recent insights into the design of specialized delivery systems contributing in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in breast cancer are addressed.
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8
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Du J, Yu Y, Zhan J, Zhang H. Targeted Therapies Against Growth Factor Signaling in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1026:125-146. [PMID: 29282682 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent female malignancy throughout the world. Conventional treatment strategies for breast cancer consist of chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, chemoradiation, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies. Among them, targeted therapies show advantages to reduce cost and toxicity for being possible for individualized treatments based on the intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer. With deeper understanding of key signaling pathways concerning tumor growth and survival, growth factor-controlled signaling pathways are frequently dysregulated in the development and progression of breast cancer. Thus, targeted therapies against growth factor-mediated signaling pathways have been shown to have promising efficacy in both preclinical animal models and human clinical trials. In this chapter, we will briefly introduce inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies that target the main growth factor-modulated scenarios including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathways in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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9
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Maadi H, Nami B, Tong J, Li G, Wang Z. The effects of trastuzumab on HER2-mediated cell signaling in CHO cells expressing human HER2. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:238. [PMID: 29490608 PMCID: PMC5831215 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted therapy with trastuzumab has become a mainstay for HER2-positive breast cancer without a clear understanding of the mechanism of its action. While many mechanisms have been suggested for the action of trastuzumab, most of them are not substantiated by experimental data. It has been suggested that trastuzumab functions by inhibiting intracellular signaling initiated by HER2, however, the data are very controversial. A major issue is the different cellular background of various breast cancer cells lines used in these studies. Each breast cancer cell line has a unique expression profile of various HER receptors, which could significantly affect the effects of trastuzumab. METHODS To overcome this problem, in this research we adopted a cell model that allow us to specifically examine the effects of trastuzumab on a single HER receptor without the influence of other HER receptors. Three CHO cell lines stably expressing only human EGFR (CHO-EGFR), HER2 (CHO-K6), or HER3 (CHO-HER3) were used. Various methods including cytotoxicity assay, immunoblotting, indirect immunofluorescence, cross linking, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were employed in this research. RESULTS We showed that trastuzumab did not bind EGFR and HER3, and thus did not affect the homodimerization and phosphorylation of EGFR and HER3. However, overexpression of HER2 in CHO cells, in the absence of other HER receptors, resulted in the homodimerization of HER2 and the phosphorylation of HER2 at all major pY residues. Trastuzumab bound to HER2 specifically and with high affinity. Trastuzumab inhibited neither the homodimerization of HER2, nor the phosphorylation of HER2 at most phosphotyrosine residues. Moreover, trastuzumab did not inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT in CHO-K6 cells, and did not inhibit the proliferation of CHO-K6 cells. However, trastuzumab induced strong ADCC in CHO-K6 cells. CONCLUSION We concluded that, in the absence of other HER receptors, trastuzumab exerts its antitumor activity through the induction of ADCC, rather than the inhibition of HER2-homodimerization and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Maadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Babak Nami
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Junfeng Tong
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Gina Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Liu B, Huang X, Hu Y, Chen T, Peng B, Gao N, Jin Z, Jia T, Zhang N, Wang Z, Jin G. Ethacrynic acid improves the antitumor effects of irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58038-58050. [PMID: 27487128 PMCID: PMC5295410 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged treatment of breast cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) often results in acquired resistance and a narrow therapeutic index. One strategy to improve the therapeutic effects of EGFR TKIs is to combine them with drugs used for other clinical indications. Ethacrynic acid (EA) is an FDA approved drug that may have antitumor effects and may enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents by binding to glutathione and inhibiting WNT signaling. While the α,β-unsaturated-keto structure of EA is similar to that of irreversible TKIs, the mechanism of action of EA when combined with irreversible EGFR TKIs in breast cancer remains unknown. We therefore investigated the combination of irreversible EGFR TKIs and EA. We found that irreversible EGFR TKIs and EA synergistically inhibit breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. The combination of EGFR TKIs and EA induces necrosis and cell cycle arrest and represses WNT/β-catenin signaling as well as MAPK-ERK1/2 signaling. We conclude that EA synergistically enhances the antitumor effects of irreversible EGFR TKIs in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - XinPing Huang
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - YunLong Hu
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - TingTing Chen
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - BoYa Peng
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - NingNing Gao
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - ZhenChao Jin
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - TieLiu Jia
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZhuLin Wang
- Shenzhen Conjugenix Pharma-Tech Co. Ltd, Guangdong, China
| | - GuangYi Jin
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Hu B, Meng X, Zhang Y, Hossain MM, Wu L, Zhang Y, Peng X, Zhang X. Short hairpin RNA-mediated gene silencing of ADAM17 inhibits the growth of breast cancer MCF‑7 cells in vitro and in vivo and its mechanism of action. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:1640-1648. [PMID: 29393483 PMCID: PMC5868399 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) is highly expressed in many malignant tumors and is closely related to their development. We showed in a previous study that silencing of ADAM17 by siRNA inhibited the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ADAM17-short hairpin RNA (ADAM17-shRNA) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and explored the potential action pathway. In vitro, transfection of shRNAs was performed using a lentivirus, and the effects of ADAM17-shRNA on invasion, proliferation and cell cycle distribution of MCF-7 cells were assessed by Boyden chamber method, real-time cell analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. In vivo, MCF-7 cells with different administrations were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice, and the effect of ADAM17-shRNA on the growth of transplanted tumors was assessed. In addition, the morphological structures were observed by H&E staining, and the expression of ADAM17 and Ki-67 was assessed by immunohistochemistry; expression of ADAM17, EGFR, p-EGFR, AKT, p-AKT, ERK and p-ERK proteins was assessed by western blotting, respectively. Our data showed that ADAM17-shRNA successfully inhibited ADAM17 mRNA expression, invasion and proliferation of MCF-7 cells resulting in G0/G1 phase arrest, and significantly inhibited the growth of transplanted tumors with larger areas of necrosis, low expression of ADAM17 and Ki-67 and reduced protein expression of ADAM17, EGFR, p-EGFR, AKT, p-AKT, ERK, and p-ERK in the tumor tissues. The present research suggests that ADAM17-shRNA can inhibit MCF-7 cell invasion and proliferation in vitro and inhibit MCF-7 xenograft growth in vivo through the EGFR/PI3K/AKT and EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangchao Meng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Mohammad Monir Hossain
- International Education College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Peng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xuepeng Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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Gonzalez-Conchas GA, Rodriguez-Romo L, Hernandez-Barajas D, Gonzalez-Guerrero JF, Rodriguez-Fernandez IA, Verdines-Perez A, Templeton AJ, Ocana A, Seruga B, Tannock IF, Amir E, Vera-Badillo FE. Epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression and outcomes in early breast cancer: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 62:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sobral-Leite M, Lips EH, Vieira-Monteiro HDA, Giacomin LC, Freitas-Alves DR, Cornelissen S, Mulder L, Wesseling J, Schmidt MK, Vianna-Jorge R. Evaluation of the EGFR polymorphism R497K in two cohorts of neoadjuvantly treated breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189750. [PMID: 29267323 PMCID: PMC5739423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) presents great variability, and new prognostic biomarkers are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the association of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) polymorphism R497K (rs2227983) with prognostic features and clinical outcomes of breast cancer, including the pathological response to NAC and the recurrence-free survival (RFS). Tumoral complete response (tCR) was defined by no remaining invasive cancer in the excised breast, whereas pathological complete response (pCR) was defined by no remaining invasive cancer both in the excised breast and lymph nodes. Two independent cohorts were analyzed: one from Brazil (INCA, n = 288) and one from The Netherlands (NKI-AVL, n = 255). In the INCA cohort, the variant (Lys-containing) genotypes were significantly associated with lower proportion of tCR (ORadj = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.85-0.99), whereas in the NKI-AVL cohort they were associated with tumor grade 3 (p = 0.035) and with triple-negative subtype (p = 0.032), but not with clinical outcomes. Such distinct prognostic associations may have arisen due to different neoadjuvant protocols (p < 0.001), or to lower age at diagnosis (p < 0.001) and higher proportion of tumor grade 3 (p = 0.018) at the NKI-AVL cohort. Moreover, NKI-AVL patients achieved better proportion of pCR (21.2% vs 8.3%, p < 0.001) and better RFS (HRadj = 0.48; 95% adjCI = 0.26-0.86) than patients from INCA. In conclusion, large scale studies comprehending different populations are needed to evaluate the impact of genome variants on breast cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Sobral-Leite
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Esther H. Lips
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hayra de Andrade Vieira-Monteiro
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Daniely Regina Freitas-Alves
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart Mulder
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosane Vianna-Jorge
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Farmacologia e Inflamação–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Cytotoxicity, molecular modeling, cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic induction induced by novel tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]isoquinoline chalcones. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:532-541. [PMID: 29207336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]isoquinolin-3-yl)-3-arylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by different spectral tools. Cytotoxicity test revealed that some compounds exhibited strong to moderate effect, while others showed weak action against different cancer cell lines (MCF7, A549, HCT116, and Hepg2). Breast carcinoma revealed higher sensitivity toward all derivatives especially compounds 5 and 8 which offered the lowest IC50 values (50.05, and 27.15 μg/ml) respectively, relative to the positive control 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (IC50 = 178 μg/ml). In addition, the two compounds exhibited less toxic effect toward normal melanocytes (HFB4). Several theoretical and experimental studies were done to reveal the molecular mechanisms that control breast carcinoma metastasis using the two promising novels 5 and 8. Docking simulation studies against the two proteins EGFR and DHFR demonstrate that compound 8 showed higher binding affinity toward the two proteins more than compound 5, suggesting that trimethoxy groups may be responsible for this higher activity through the formation of five hydrogen bonding with the active domain (4r3r) and other four interactions with the active domain (1dls). Real time PCR assay illustrates that the two compounds up regulated BAX, p53, caspase-3 genes and down regulated BCL2, MMP1, CDK4 ones. In addition, it was noted that compound 8 was more effective in gene regulation and apoptotic induction than compound 5. Also, flow cytometer analysis demonstrates that both compounds 5 and 8 induced cell growth arrest at G1 phase and thus, inhibit G1/S transition and cell cycle progression. In addition, both compounds stimulate apoptotic death of breast cells significantly to reach 8.72%, and 17.28% respectively, compared to their control (0.55%). Apoptotic induction of breast cells was enhanced effectively through activation of caspase-3 by compound 8 using Elisa assay.
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Williams V, Grosset AA, Zamorano Cuervo N, St-Pierre Y, Sylvestre MP, Gaboury L, Grandvaux N. Detection of IKKε by immunohistochemistry in primary breast cancer: association with EGFR expression and absence of lymph node metastasis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:356. [PMID: 28532474 PMCID: PMC5441089 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IKKε is an oncogenic kinase that was found amplified and overexpressed in a substantial percentage of human breast cancer cell lines and primary tumors using genomic and gene expression analyses. Molecular studies have provided the rational for a key implication of IKKε in breast cancer cells proliferation and invasiveness through the phosphorylation of several substrates. Methods Here, we performed immunohistochemical detection of IKKε expression on tissue microarrays constituted of 154 characterized human breast cancer tumors. We further determined the association with multiple clinicopathological parameters and 5-years overall, disease-free and distant disease free survival. Results We observed expression of IKKε in 60.4% of the breast cancer tumors. IKKε expression status showed no association with a panel of markers used for molecular classification of the tumors, including ER/PR/HER2 status, or with the molecular subtypes. However, IKKε expression was inversely associated with lymph node metastasis status (p = 0.0032). Additionally, we identified a novel association between IKKε and EGFR expression (p = 0.0011). Conclusions The unexpected observation of an inverse association between IKKε and lymph node metastasis advocates for larger scale immunohistochemical profiling of primary breast tumors to clarify the role of IKKε in metastasis. This study suggests that breast cancer tumors expressing EGFR and IKKε may be potential targets for drugs aiming at inhibiting IKKε activity or expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Williams
- CRCHUM - Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Qc H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Qc, Montréal, Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Grosset
- CRCHUM - Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Qc H2X 0A9, Canada.,INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, INRS, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, Qc H7V 1B7, Canada.,IRIC, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- CRCHUM - Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Qc H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, INRS, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, Qc H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- CRCHUM - Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Qc H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Ecole de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Qc, Montréal, Canada
| | - Louis Gaboury
- IRIC, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM - Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Qc H2X 0A9, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Qc, Montréal, Canada.
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Elgqvist J. Nanoparticles as Theranostic Vehicles in Experimental and Clinical Applications-Focus on Prostate and Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1102. [PMID: 28531102 PMCID: PMC5455010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate and breast cancer are the second most and most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and women worldwide, respectively. The American Cancer Society estimates that during 2016 in the USA around 430,000 individuals were diagnosed with one of these two types of cancers, and approximately 15% of them will die from the disease. In Europe, the rate of incidences and deaths are similar to those in the USA. Several different more or less successful diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been developed and evaluated in order to tackle this issue and thereby decrease the death rates. By using nanoparticles as vehicles carrying both diagnostic and therapeutic molecular entities, individualized targeted theranostic nanomedicine has emerged as a promising option to increase the sensitivity and the specificity during diagnosis, as well as the likelihood of survival or prolonged survival after therapy. This article presents and discusses important and promising different kinds of nanoparticles, as well as imaging and therapy options, suitable for theranostic applications. The presentation of different nanoparticles and theranostic applications is quite general, but there is a special focus on prostate cancer. Some references and aspects regarding breast cancer are however also presented and discussed. Finally, the prostate cancer case is presented in more detail regarding diagnosis, staging, recurrence, metastases, and treatment options available today, followed by possible ways to move forward applying theranostics for both prostate and breast cancer based on promising experiments performed until today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörgen Elgqvist
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Atoum MF, Alzoughool F. Reduction in breast cancer susceptibility due to XbaI gene polymorphism of alpha estrogen receptor gene in Jordanians. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 9:45-49. [PMID: 28182136 PMCID: PMC5279460 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s125652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a global health concern among women worldwide. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mediates diverse polymorphic effects in breast tissues that may relate to breast cancer susceptibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of −397 PvuII (T/C) and −351 XbaI (A/G) restriction fragment length polymorphism within intron 1 of ERα, and its effect on breast cancer susceptibility. A total of 156 women who were histopathologically diagnosed with breast cancer and 142 healthy Jordanian women were enrolled in this case–control study. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole peripheral blood, and the desired fragment was amplified using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction digestion with PvuII and XbaI restriction enzymes. The results showed no significant association between PvuII polymorphism and breast cancer risk. However, a significant association was found between XbaI polymorphism and reduction in breast cancer risk within the “x” allele of heterozygotes (odds ratio [OR] 0.199, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–0.044) and heterozygotes (OR 0.208, 95% CI 0.09–0.047). The combined analysis of PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms revealed a synergistic effect of Pp/Xx and pp/xx genotypes and a significant reduction in breast cancer risk with these genotypes. The results also showed no statistical differences among PvuII or XbaI polymorphisms based on stage, ER, progesterone receptor and expression of hormone receptor such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. This case–control study showed that XbaI polymorphism of alpha estrogen gene modified and reduced breast cancer susceptibility among Jordanians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Fayiz Atoum
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Foad Alzoughool
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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18
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Meng X, Hu B, Hossain MM, Chen G, Sun Y, Zhang X. ADAM17-siRNA inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer through EGFR-PI3K-AKT activation. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:682-90. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Queiroga FL, Perez-Alenza MD, González-Gil A, Silván G, Peña L, Illera JC. Quantification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in canine mammary tumours by ELISA assay: clinical and prognostic implications. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:383-390. [PMID: 26463704 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is well established in human breast cancer, however, in canine mammary tumours (CMT), including inflammatory mammary carcinomas (IMC), still needs to be clarified. Enzyme immune assay techniques were used for EGFR determinations in tumour tissue from 45 bitches with CMT and in normal mammary glands from eight control dogs. Higher tissue EGFR levels were found in CMT compared with controls (P < 0.05). In malignant CMT, tissue EGFR elevated concentrations were statistically significantly associated with tumour relapse and/or distant metastasis during follow-up and with reduced disease-free and overall survival times. The IMC cases had the highest tissue EGFR levels compared with other malignant non-IMC tumours (P < 0.001). The results support the hypothesis that EGFR levels influence prognosis in malignant CMT, suggesting that EGFR may represent a therapeutic target in cases of high histological aggressiveness and especially in cases of metastatic phenotype and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - M D Perez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Gil
- Department of Animal Physiology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Silván
- Department of Animal Physiology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Illera
- Department of Animal Physiology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Insulin-like growth factor and epidermal growth factor signaling in breast cancer cell growth: focus on endocrine resistant disease. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:975495. [PMID: 26258011 PMCID: PMC4518167 DOI: 10.1155/2015/975495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer for women worldwide with a lifetime risk amounting to a staggering total of 10%. It is well established that the endogenous synthesis of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) polypeptide growth factors are closely correlated to malignant transformation and all the steps of the breast cancer metastatic cascade. Numerous studies have demonstrated that both estrogens and growth factors stimulate the proliferation of steroid-dependent tumor cells, and that the interaction between these signaling pathways occurs at several levels. Importantly, the majority of breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor- (ER-) positive which have a more favorable prognosis and pattern of recurrence with endocrine therapy being the backbone of treatment. Unfortunately, the majority of patients progress to endocrine therapy resistant disease (acquired resistance) whereas a proportion of patients may fail to respond to initial therapy (de novo resistance). The IGF-I and EGF downstream signaling pathways are closely involved in the process of progression to therapy resistant disease. Modifications in the bioavailability of these growth factors contribute critically to disease progression. In the present review therefore, we will discuss in depth how IGF and EGF signaling participate in breast cancer pathogenesis and progression to endocrine resistant disease.
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