1
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Zhang J, Wu YJ, Hu XX, Wei W. New insights into the Lck-NF-κB signaling pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1120747. [PMID: 36910149 PMCID: PMC9999026 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1120747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lck is essential for the development, activity, and proliferation of T cells, which may contribute to pathological progression and development of human diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and cancers when functioning aberrantly. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was initially discovered as a factor bound to the κ light-chain immunoglobulin enhancer in the nuclei of activated B lymphocytes. Activation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway controls expression of several genes that are related to cell survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. Abnormal expression of Lck and nuclear factor-κB has been found in autoimmune diseases and malignancies, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, acute T cell lymphocytic leukemia, and human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, etc. Nuclear factor-κB inhibition is effective against autoimmune diseases and malignancies through blocking inflammatory responses, although it may lead to serious adverse reactions that are unexpected and unwanted. Further investigation of the biochemical and functional interactions between nuclear factor-κB and other signaling pathways may be helpful to prevent side-effects. This review aims to clarify the Lck-nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, and provide a basis for identification of new targets and therapeutic approaches against autoimmune diseases and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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2
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Catapano R, Sepe L, Toscano E, Paolella G, Chiurazzi F, Barbato SP, Bruzzese D, Arianna R, Grosso M, Romano S, Romano MF, Costanzo P, Cesaro E. Biological relevance of ZNF224 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and its implication IN NF-kB pathway regulation. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1010984. [PMID: 36425656 PMCID: PMC9681601 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1010984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease, whose presentation and clinical course are highly variable. Identification of novel prognostic factors may contribute to improving the CLL classification and providing indications for treatment options. The zinc finger protein ZNF224 plays a key role in cell transformation, through the control of apoptotic and survival pathways. In this study, we evaluated the potential application of ZNF224 as a novel marker of CLL progression and therapy responsiveness. To this aim, we analyzed ZNF224 expression levels in B lymphocytes from CLL patients at different stages of the disease and in patients showing different treatment outcomes. The expression of ZNF224 was significantly increased in disease progression and dramatically decreased in patients in complete remission after chemotherapy. Gene expression correlation analysis performed on datasets of CLL patients revealed that ZNF224 expression was well correlated with that of some prognostic and predictive markers. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis coupled ZNF224 to NF-κB pathway, and experimental data demonstrated that RNA interference of ZNF224 reduced the activity of the NF-κB survival pathway in CLL cells. Consistently with a pro-survival role, ZNF224 knockdown raised spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CLL patients. Our findings provide evidence for the involvement of ZNF224 in the survival of CLL cells via NF-κB pathway modulation, and also suggest ZNF224 as a prognostic and predictive molecular marker of CLL disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Catapano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Leandra Sepe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Advanced Technologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Toscano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Advanced Technologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paolella
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Advanced Technologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Chiurazzi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serafina Patrizia Barbato
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Arianna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Grosso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Advanced Technologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Cesaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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3
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Regulation of S100As Expression by Inflammatory Cytokines in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136952. [PMID: 35805957 PMCID: PMC9267105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-binding proteins S100A4, S100A8, and S100A9 are upregulated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), while the S100A9 promotes NF-κB activity during disease progression. The S100-protein family has been involved in several malignancies as mediators of inflammation and proliferation. The hypothesis of our study is that S100A proteins are mediators in signaling pathways associated with inflammation-induced proliferation, such as NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT. The mononuclear cells (MNCs) of CLL were treated with proinflammatory IL-6, anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines, inhibitors of JAK1/2, NF-κB, and PI3K signaling pathways, to evaluate S100A4, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 expression as well as NF-κB activation by qRT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblotting. The quantity of S100A4, S100A8, and S100A9 positive cells (p < 0.05) and their protein expression (p < 0.01) were significantly decreased in MNCs of CLL patients compared to healthy controls. The S100A levels were generally increased in CD19+ cells compared to MNCs of CLL. The S100A4 gene expression was significantly stimulated (p < 0.05) by the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in MNCs. IL-6 stimulated S100A4 and S100A8 protein expression, prevented by the NF-κB and JAK1/2 inhibitors. In contrast, IL-10 reduced S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 protein expressions in MNCs of CLL. Moreover, IL-10 inhibited activation of NF-κB signaling (4-fold, p < 0.05). In conclusion, inflammation stimulated the S100A protein expression mediated via the proliferation-related signaling and balanced by the cytokines in CLL.
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4
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Tang X, Chen F, Xie LC, Liu SX, Mai HR. Targeting metabolism: A potential strategy for hematological cancer therapy. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2990-3004. [PMID: 35647127 PMCID: PMC9082716 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i10.2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most hematological cancer-related relapses and deaths are caused by metastasis; thus, the importance of this process as a target of therapy should be considered. Hematological cancer is a type of cancer in which metabolism plays an essential role in progression. Therefore, we are required to block fundamental metastatic processes and develop specific preclinical and clinical strategies against those biomarkers involved in the metabolic regulation of hematological cancer cells, which do not rely on primary tumor responses. To understand progress in this field, we provide a summary of recent developments in the understanding of metabolism in hematological cancer and a general understanding of biomarkers currently used and under investigation for clinical and preclinical applications involving drug development. The signaling pathways involved in cancer cell metabolism are highlighted and shed light on how we could identify novel biomarkers involved in cancer development and treatment. This review provides new insights into biomolecular carriers that could be targeted as anticancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fen Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Chun Xie
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si-Xi Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Rong Mai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong Province, China
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5
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Bagacean C, Iuga CA, Bordron A, Tempescul A, Pralea IE, Bernard D, Cornen M, Bergot T, Le Dantec C, Brooks W, Saad H, Ianotto JC, Pers JO, Zdrenghea M, Berthou C, Renaudineau Y. Identification of altered cell signaling pathways using proteomic profiling in stable and progressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:313-325. [PMID: 34288092 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4hi0620-392r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by significant biologic and clinical heterogeneity. This study was designed to explore CLL B-cells' proteomic profile in order to identify biologic processes affected at an early stage and during disease evolution as stable or progressive. Purified B cells from 11 untreated CLL patients were tested at two time points by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Patients included in the study evolved to either progressive (n = 6) or stable disease (n = 5). First, at an early stage of the disease (Binet stage A), based on the relative abundance levels of 389 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), samples were separated into stable and progressive clusters with the main differentiating factor being the RNA splicing pathway. Next, in order to test how the DEPs affect RNA splicing, a RNA-Seq study was conducted showing 4217 differentially spliced genes between the two clusters. Distinct longitudinal evolutions were observed with predominantly proteomic modifications in the stable CLL group and spliced genes in the progressive CLL group. Splicing events were shown to be six times more frequent in the progressive CLL group. The main aberrant biologic processes controlled by DEPs and spliced genes in the progressive group were cytoskeletal organization, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and mitochondrial and inositol phosphate metabolism with a downstream impact on CLL B-cell survival and migration. This study suggests that proteomic profiles at the early stage of CLL can discriminate progressive from stable disease and that RNA splicing dysregulation underlies CLL evolution, which opens new perspectives in terms of biomarkers and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bagacean
- Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, Brest, France.,Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- Department of Drug Analysis, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anne Bordron
- Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, Brest, France
| | - Adrian Tempescul
- Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, Brest, France.,Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Ioana-Ecaterina Pralea
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Melanie Cornen
- Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, Brest, France
| | | | | | - Wesley Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hussam Saad
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | | | | | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Christian Berthou
- Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, Brest, France.,Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, Brest, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
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6
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Bagheri M, Khansarinejad B, Mosayebi G, Moradabadi A, Mondanizadeh M. Diagnostic Value of Plasma miR-145 and miR-185 as Targeting of the APRIL Oncogene in the B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:111-117. [PMID: 33507687 PMCID: PMC8184163 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most common hematologic malignancy in adults worldwide. This cancer has a poor prognosis at different stages. So, the identification of new biomarkers is important for diagnosis of B-CLL. Considering the oncogenic role of APRIL molecule in this leukemia as well as the regulatory role of miRNAs in different signaling pathways, the present study evaluated the miRNAs targeting APRIL gene in B-CLL. METHODS The miRNAs were predicted and selected using bioinformatics algorithms. A total of 80 plasma samples were subjected to RNA extraction and synthesis of cDNA. The expressions levels of predicted miRNAs and APRIL gene in plasma of B-CLL patients and healthy individuals were assessed by Real time PCR analysis. ROC analysis was performed to investigate the role predicted miRNAs as novel biomarkers in diagnosis of B-CLL. RESULTS The results of the prediction showed that miR-145-5p and miR-185-5p target the APRIL gene. The expression level of APRIL gene was strikingly higher in plasma of B-CLL patients than in the healthy individuals (102, P= 0.001). On the other hand, expression levels of miR-145-5p and miR-185-5p were strikingly lower in B-CLL patients than in the healthy individuals (0.07, P= 0.001) (0.29, P= 0.001). Also, ROC curve analyses demonstrated that miR-145-5p and miR-185-5p are specific and sensitive and may serve as new biomarkers for the detection of B-CLL. (AUC; 0.95, sensitivity; %90) (AUC; 0.87, sensitivity; %63). CONCLUSION These data suggest that miR-145-5p and miR-185-5p target the APRIL gene and might have a role in diagnosis of B-CLL. Therefore, these two miRNAs can be served as a novel and potential biomarker for detection of B-CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Case-Control Studies
- Computational Biology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Male
- MicroRNAs/blood
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Oncogenes
- Prognosis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Behzad Khansarinejad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Ghasem Mosayebi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Alireza Moradabadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Mondanizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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7
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Nabergoj S, Markovič T, Avsec D, Gobec M, Podgornik H, Jakopin Ž, Mlinarič-Raščan I. EP4 receptor agonist L-902688 augments cytotoxic activities of ibrutinib, idelalisib, and venetoclax against chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114352. [PMID: 33278351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has significantly improved more recently with the approval of several new agents, including ibrutinib, idelalisib, and venetoclax. Despite the outstanding efficacies observed with these agents, these treatments are sometimes discontinued due to toxicity, unresponsiveness, transformation of the disease and/or resistance. Constitutive NF-κB activation that protects CLL cells from apoptotic stimuli represents one of molecular mechanisms that underlie the emergence of drug resistance. As prostaglandin E (EP)4 receptor agonists have been shown to successfully inhibit the NF-κB pathway in B-cell lymphoma cells, we investigated the potential of the highly specific EP4 receptor agonist L-902688 for the potential treatment of patients with CLL. We show here that low micromolar concentrations of L-902688 can indeed induce selective cytotoxicity towards several B-cell malignancies, including CLL. Moreover, L-902688-mediated activation of the EP4 receptor in patient derived CLL cells resulted in inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. Most importantly, we show for the first time that in combination with ibrutinib, idelalisib, or venetoclax, L-902688 induces synergistic cytotoxic activity against patient derived CLL cells. To conclude, the modulation of NF-κB activity by EP4 receptor agonists represents an innovative approach to improve the treatment of patients with CLL. In particular, EP4 receptor agonists appear to represent promising adjuncts to the already existing therapies for patients with CLL due to these promising synergistic activities.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/administration & dosage
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Piperidines/administration & dosage
- Purines/administration & dosage
- Pyrrolidinones/administration & dosage
- Quinazolinones/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
- Tetrazoles/administration & dosage
- U937 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Nabergoj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tijana Markovič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Avsec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Podgornik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Haematology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Mlinarič-Raščan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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8
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Szoltysek K, Ciardullo C, Zhou P, Walaszczyk A, Willmore E, Rand V, Marshall S, Hall A, J. Harrison C, Eswaran J, Soundararajan M. DAP Kinase-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Protein Kinase 2 (DRAK2) Is a Key Regulator and Molecular Marker in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207663. [PMID: 33081245 PMCID: PMC7593912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in the Western World and it is characterized by a marked degree of clinical heterogeneity. An impaired balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic stimuli determines chemorefractoriness and outcome. The low proliferation rate of CLL cells indicates that one of the primary mechanisms involved in disease development may be an apoptotic failure. Here, we study the clinical and functional significance of DRAK2, a novel stress response kinase that plays a critical role in apoptosis, T-cell biology, and B-cell activation in CLL. We have analyzed CLL patient samples and showed that low expression levels of DRAK2 were significantly associated with unfavorable outcome in our CLL cohort. DRAK2 expression levels showed a positive correlation with the expression of DAPK1, and TGFBR1. Consistent with clinical data, the downregulation of DRAK2 in MEC-1 CLL cells strongly increased cell viability and proliferation. Further, our transcriptome data from MEC-1 cells highlighted MAPK, NF-κB, and Akt and as critical signaling hubs upon DRAK2 knockdown. Taken together, our results indicate DRAK2 as a novel marker of CLL survival that plays key regulatory roles in CLL prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Death-Associated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Death-Associated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Male
- Middle Aged
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szoltysek
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (K.S.); (C.C.); (E.W.); (A.H.); (C.J.H.)
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute, Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 02-034 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Carmela Ciardullo
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (K.S.); (C.C.); (E.W.); (A.H.); (C.J.H.)
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Peixun Zhou
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3JN, UK; (P.Z.); (V.R.)
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK
| | - Anna Walaszczyk
- Institute of Biosciences, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Elaine Willmore
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (K.S.); (C.C.); (E.W.); (A.H.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Vikki Rand
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3JN, UK; (P.Z.); (V.R.)
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK
| | - Scott Marshall
- Department of Haematology, City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Trust, Sunderland SR4 7TP, UK;
| | - Andy Hall
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (K.S.); (C.C.); (E.W.); (A.H.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Christine J. Harrison
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (K.S.); (C.C.); (E.W.); (A.H.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Jeyanthy Eswaran
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (K.S.); (C.C.); (E.W.); (A.H.); (C.J.H.)
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia (NUMed Malaysia), EduCity, Iskandar 79200, Johor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or (J.E); (M.S.)
| | - Meera Soundararajan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
- Correspondence: or (J.E); (M.S.)
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9
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Zeng F, Wang K, Huang R, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Hu H. RELB: A novel prognostic marker for glioblastoma as identified by population-based analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:386-394. [PMID: 31289510 PMCID: PMC6540354 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of glioma, with a poor prognosis for patients. The survival time of patients varies greatly due to the complexity of the human genome, which harbors diverse oncogenic drivers. In order to identify the specific driving factors, 325 glioma samples from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database were analyzed in the present study. The level of RELB proto-oncogene, NF-κβ subunit (RELB) expression increased with the pathological grade progression of the gliomas, and higher expression levels were present in the mesenchymal subtype and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) wild-type gliomas. This RELB expression pattern was identified in the CGGA database and observed in three large independent databases. In patients with GBM from the CGGA database, a higher RELB expression level was associated with a shorter survival time, a mesenchymal subtype and IDH1 wild-type gliomas. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, survival nomograms and Cox analysis demonstrated an independent prognostic value for RELB expression. Moreover, biological function analysis indicated the association of RELB with the ‘immune response’, ‘cell activation’ and the ‘apoptotic process’. In addition, RELB expression levels exhibited a negative correlation with the levels of microRNA (miR)-139-5p and miR-139-3p. The present study identified the pathological and biological roles of RELB in glioma and revealed its independent prognostic effect. These results suggested that RELB may be used as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zeng
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Kuanyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Ruoyu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing 100070, P.R. China
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10
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Sun L, Sun C, Sun J, Yang W. Downregulation of ENDOCAN in myeloid leukemia cells inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis by suppressing nuclear factor‑κB activity. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3247-3254. [PMID: 30816462 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that ENDOCAN is elevated in leukemia, and it has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis. However, the functional role of ENDOCAN in the development of leukemia remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the expression levels of ENDOCAN were detected in THP‑1, U937, HL‑60 and K562 cells, and it was found that ENDOCAN was increased in U937 and K562 cells, compared with the other two cell lines. Subsequently, ENDOCAN was knocked down in U937 and K562 cells via lentiviral infection. It was found that cell proliferation and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen were inhibited in myeloid leukemia cells following the silencing of ENDOCAN. ENDOCAN knockdown induced G0/G1‑phase cell cycle arrest in myeloid leukemia cells with a decreased expression of cyclin D1. Furthermore, cell apoptosis was increased in response to ENDOCAN silencing, which was accompanied by the downregulation of B‑cell lymphoma (BCL2) and the upregulation of BCL2‑associated X protein, cleaved caspases 3 and 9, and cleaved poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the knockdown of ENDOCAN inhibited nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) activity, as evidenced by the increased expression of NF‑κB inhibitor α (IκBα), decreased expression of phosphorylated (p‑)IκBα, p‑P65 and nuclear P65, and reduced NF‑κB DNA‑binding activity. In combination, the present findings suggested that ENDOCAN may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Sun
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Chengyu Sun
- Anorectal Department, Shenyang Anorectal Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110054, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Sun
- Intensive Care Unit, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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11
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Dezorella N, Ashkenazi E, Shapiro M, Perry C, Kamdjou T, Katz BZ, Herishanu Y. Wide-range effects of the MALT-1 inhibitor Mi-2 in CLL cells results in apoptosis. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 60:817-820. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1498489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nili Dezorella
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Enosh Ashkenazi
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mika Shapiro
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chava Perry
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talia Kamdjou
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ben-Zion Katz
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Herishanu
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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12
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Rozovski U, Harris DM, Li P, Liu Z, Jain P, Ferrajoli A, Burger J, Thompson P, Jain N, Wierda W, Keating MJ, Estrov Z. STAT3 is constitutively acetylated on lysine 685 residues in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33710-33718. [PMID: 30263097 PMCID: PMC6154750 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 might be phosphorylated or acetylated. Unlike the phosphorylation of STAT3, little is known about the acetylation of STAT3 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Because acetylation activates STAT3 transcription, we sought to study the acetylation status of STAT3 in CLL cells. Using Western immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometry we found that, apart from its constitutive serine phosphorylation, STAT3 is constitutively acetylated on lysine 685 residues. Because the acetyltransferase p300 was found to acetylate STAT3 on lysine 685 residues, we wondered whether p300 acetylates STAT3 in CLL cells. Using Western immunoblotting we detected high levels of p300 protein in CLL but not normal B cells. Transfection of CLL cells with p300 small-interfering (si) RNA downregulated p300 transcripts as well as p300 and acetyl-STAT3 protein levels. In addition, p300 siRNA attenuated STAT3-DNA binding and downregulated mRNA levels of STAT3-regulated genes. Furthermore, transfection of CLL cells with p300-siRNA induced a 3-fold increase in the rate of spontaneous apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that in CLL cells STAT3 p300 induces constitutive acetylation and activation of STAT3. Whether inhibition of STAT3 acetylation might provide clinical benefit in patients with CLL remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Rozovski
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David M Harris
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Preetesh Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jan Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Phillip Thompson
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Chen TL, Gupta N, Lehman A, Ruppert AS, Yu L, Oakes CC, Claus R, Plass C, Maddocks KJ, Andritsos L, Jones JA, Lucas DM, Johnson AJ, Byrd JC, Hertlein E. Hsp90 inhibition increases SOCS3 transcript and regulates migration and cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 7:28684-96. [PMID: 27107422 PMCID: PMC5053755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic or transcriptional silencing of important tumor suppressors has been described to contribute to cell survival and tumorigenesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Using gene expression microarray analysis, we found that thousands of genes are repressed more than 2-fold in CLL compared to normal B cells; however therapeutic approaches to reverse this have been limited in CLL. Following treatment with the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-DMAG, a significant number of these repressed genes were significantly re-expressed. One of the genes significantly repressed in CLL and up-regulated by 17-DMAG was suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, (SOCS3). SOCS3 has been shown to be silenced in solid tumors as well as myeloid leukemia; however little is known about the regulation in CLL. We found that 17-DMAG induces expression of SOCS3 by via the activation of p38 signaling, and subsequently inhibits AKT and STAT3 phosphorylation resulting in downstream effects on cell migration and survival. We therefore suggest that SOCS3 is an important signaling protein in CLL, and Hsp90 inhibitors represent a novel approach to target transcriptional repression in B cell lymphoproliferative disorders which exhibit a substantial degree of gene repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy Lehman
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy S Ruppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher C Oakes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rainer Claus
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kami J Maddocks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Leslie Andritsos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffery A Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David M Lucas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy J Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin Hertlein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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14
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Tripathi R, Lee-Verges E, Higashi M, Gimenez N, Rosich L, Lopez-Guerra M, Colomer D. New drug discovery approaches targeting recurrent mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1041-1052. [PMID: 28776453 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1362387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Next generation sequencing has provided a comprehensive understanding of the mutational landscape in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and new drivers have been identified. Some of these drivers could be pharmacologically targeted to choose the most effective personalized therapy in each CLL patient. Areas covered: In this article, the authors uncover the potential role of new targeted therapies against the most recurrent mutations in CLL as well as the recently approved therapies. The authors also provide their expert opinion and give their perspectives for the future. Expert opinion: The development of more personalized therapies is of interest to clinicians as a system to enhance the duration of treatment response and to extend the survival and quality of life of CLL patients. The main challenge, however, will be to translate the preclinical results into the clinics. Therefore, the designing and execution of clinical trials focused on molecular drivers are the need of the hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Tripathi
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Eriong Lee-Verges
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Morihiro Higashi
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Neus Gimenez
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laia Rosich
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Monica Lopez-Guerra
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
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15
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Rozovski U, Harris DM, Li P, Liu Z, Jain P, Veletic I, Ferrajoli A, Burger J, Thompson P, Jain N, Wierda W, Keating MJ, Estrov Z. Activation of the B-cell receptor successively activates NF-κB and STAT3 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2076-2081. [PMID: 28722170 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, both interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the B-cell receptor (BCR) activate Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and induce the phosphorylation of signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) on tyrosine 705 residues. However, whereas IL-6 phosphorylates STAT3 within 15 min, stimulation of the BCR with anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies phosphorylates STAT3 in 2-4 hr. Here, we show that this process takes longer because it requires transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Using an electromobility shift assay, we found that incubation with IgM antibodies for 4 or 18 hr, but not 15 min, increased NF-κB DNA-binding of CLL cells and increased binding was translated to increased transcriptional activity. Hence, 42% of the 83 NF-κB target genes were constitutively expressed in all CLL cells prior to any inducible stimuli. However, activation of the BCR increased the number of NF-κB target genes with detectable expression by 23%. Remarkably, prolonged incubation with anti-IgM antibodies induced a time-dependent transcription, production and secretion of IL-6 protein. The IgM-induced production of IL-6 prompted the phosphorylation of STAT3 on tyrosine residues. This effect was inhibited by the JAK1/2 inhibitor of the JAK/STAT3 pathway ruxolitinib. Taken together, these results suggest that in CLL cells, constitutive tonic activation of NF-κB can be further enhanced by the BCR and that the BCR-induced activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway depends on the NF-κB induced production of IL-6.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Rozovski
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Division of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David M Harris
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Preetesh Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ivo Veletic
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jan Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Philip Thompson
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - William Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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16
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Hahn M, Bürckert JP, Luttenberger CA, Klebow S, Hess M, Al-Maarri M, Vogt M, Reißig S, Hallek M, Wienecke-Baldacchino A, Buch T, Muller CP, Pallasch CP, Wunderlich FT, Waisman A, Hövelmeyer N. Aberrant splicing of the tumor suppressor CYLD promotes the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia via sustained NF-κB signaling. Leukemia 2017; 32:72-82. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Bone marrow stroma-induced resistance of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to arsenic trioxide involves Mcl-1 upregulation and is overcome by inhibiting the PI3Kδ or PKCβ signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44832-48. [PMID: 26540567 PMCID: PMC4792595 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CLL remains an incurable disease in spite of the many new compounds being studied. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) induces apoptosis in all CLL cell types and could constitute an efficient therapy. To further explore this, we have studied the influence of stromal cells, key components of the CLL microenvironment, on the response of CLL cells to ATO. Bone marrow stromal cells induced CLL cell resistance to 2 μM ATO and led to activation of Lyn, ERK, PI3K and PKC, as well as NF-κB and STAT3. Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bfl-1 were also upregulated after the co-culture. Inhibition experiments indicated that PI3K and PKC were involved in the resistance to ATO induced by stroma. Moreover, idelalisib and sotrastaurin, specific inhibitors for PI3Kδ and PKCβ, respectively, inhibited Akt phosphorylation, NF-κB/STAT3 activation and Mcl-1 upregulation, and rendered cells sensitive to ATO. Mcl-1 was central to the mechanism of resistance to ATO, since: 1) Mcl-1 levels correlated with the CLL cell response to ATO, and 2) blocking Mcl-1 expression or function with specific siRNAs or inhibitors overcame the protecting effect of stroma. We have therefore identified the mechanism involved in the CLL cell resistance to ATO induced by bone marrow stroma and show that idelalisib or sotrastaurin block this mechanism and restore sensibility to ATO. Combination of ATO with these inhibitors may thus constitute an efficient treatment for CLL.
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18
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Subhash S, Andersson PO, Kosalai ST, Kanduri C, Kanduri M. Global DNA methylation profiling reveals new insights into epigenetically deregulated protein coding and long noncoding RNAs in CLL. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:106. [PMID: 27777635 PMCID: PMC5062931 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein enriched genome-wide sequencing (MBD-Seq) is a robust and powerful method for analyzing methylated CpG-rich regions with complete genome-wide coverage. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the role of CpG methylated regions associated with transcribed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) and repetitive genomic elements are poorly understood. Based on MBD-Seq, we characterized the global methylation profile of high CpG-rich regions in different CLL prognostic subgroups based on IGHV mutational status. Results Our study identified 5800 hypermethylated and 12,570 hypomethylated CLL-specific differentially methylated genes (cllDMGs) compared to normal controls. From cllDMGs, 40 % of hypermethylated and 60 % of hypomethylated genes were mapped to noncoding RNAs. In addition, we found that the major repetitive elements such as short interspersed elements (SINE) and long interspersed elements (LINE) have a high percentage of cllDMRs (differentially methylated regions) in IGHV subgroups compared to normal controls. Finally, two novel lncRNAs (hypermethylated CRNDE and hypomethylated AC012065.7) were validated in an independent CLL sample cohort (48 samples) compared with 6 normal sorted B cell samples using quantitative pyrosequencing analysis. The methylation levels showed an inverse correlation to gene expression levels analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. Notably, survival analysis revealed that hypermethylation of CRNDE and hypomethylation of AC012065.7 correlated with an inferior outcome. Conclusions Thus, our comprehensive methylation analysis by MBD-Seq provided novel hyper and hypomethylated long noncoding RNAs, repetitive elements, along with protein coding genes as potential epigenetic-based CLL-signature genes involved in disease pathogenesis and prognosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0274-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhilal Subhash
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Andersson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Internal Medicine, Södra Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden
| | - Subazini Thankaswamy Kosalai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chandrasekhar Kanduri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Meena Kanduri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Alsagaby SA, Brennan P, Pepper C. Key Molecular Drivers of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2016; 16:593-606. [PMID: 27601002 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an adult neoplastic disease of B cells characterized by variable clinical outcomes. Although some patients have an aggressive form of the disease and often encounter treatment failure and short survival, others have more stable disease with long-term survival and little or no need for theraphy. In the past decade, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular drivers that affect the natural pathology of CLL. The present review describes what is known about these key molecules in the context of their role in tumor pathogenicity, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Zuli, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul Brennan
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Pepper
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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20
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Xargay-Torrent S, López-Guerra M, Rosich L, Montraveta A, Roldán J, Rodríguez V, Villamor N, Aymerich M, Lagisetti C, Webb TR, López-Otín C, Campo E, Colomer D. The splicing modulator sudemycin induces a specific antitumor response and cooperates with ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22734-49. [PMID: 26068951 PMCID: PMC4673195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations or deregulated expression of the components of the spliceosome can influence the splicing pattern of several genes and contribute to the development of tumors. In this context, we report that the spliceosome modulator sudemycin induces selective cytotoxicity in primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells when compared with healthy lymphocytes and tumor cells from other B-lymphoid malignancies, with a slight bias for CLL cases with mutations in spliceosome-RNA processing machinery. Consistently, sudemycin exhibits considerable antitumor activity in NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ−/− (NSG) mice engrafted with primary cells from CLL patients. The antileukemic effect of sudemycin involves the splicing modulation of several target genes important for tumor survival, both in SF3B1-mutated and -unmutated cases. Thus, the apoptosis induced by this compound is related to the alternative splicing switch of MCL1 toward its proapoptotic isoform. Sudemycin also functionally disturbs NF-κB pathway in parallel with the induction of a spliced RELA variant that loses its DNA binding domain. Importantly, we show an enhanced antitumor effect of sudemycin in combination with ibrutinib that might be related to the modulation of the alternative splicing of the inhibitor of Btk (IBTK). In conclusion, we provide first evidence that the spliceosome is a relevant therapeutic target in CLL, supporting the use of splicing modulators alone or in combination with ibrutinib as a promising approach for the treatment of CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Xargay-Torrent
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica López-Guerra
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Rosich
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Montraveta
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jocabed Roldán
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanina Rodríguez
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Villamor
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Aymerich
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chandraiah Lagisetti
- Center for Chemical Biology, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Thomas R Webb
- Center for Chemical Biology, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo - IUOPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Cruz-Rodriguez N, Combita AL, Enciso LJ, Quijano SM, Pinzon PL, Lozano OC, Castillo JS, Li L, Bareño J, Cardozo C, Solano J, Herrera MV, Cudris J, Zabaleta J. High expression of ID family and IGJ genes signature as predictor of low induction treatment response and worst survival in adult Hispanic patients with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:64. [PMID: 27044543 PMCID: PMC4820984 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background B-Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) represents a hematologic malignancy with poor clinical outcome and low survival rates in adult patients. Remission rates in Hispanic population are almost 30 % lower and Overall Survival (OS) nearly two years inferior than those reported in other ethnic groups. Only 61 % of Colombian adult patients with ALL achieve complete remission (CR), median overall survival is 11.3 months and event-free survival (EFS) is 7.34 months. Identification of prognostic factors is crucial for the application of proper treatment strategies and subsequently for successful outcome. Our goal was to identify a gene expression signature that might correlate with response to therapy and evaluate the utility of these as prognostic tool in hispanic patients. Methods We included 43 adult patients newly diagnosed with B-ALL. We used microarray analysis in order to identify genes that distinguish poor from good response to treatment using differential gene expression analysis. The expression profile was validated by real-time PCR (RT-PCT). Results We identified 442 differentially expressed genes between responders and non-responders to induction treatment. Hierarchical analysis according to the expression of a 7-gene signature revealed 2 subsets of patients that differed in their clinical characteristics and outcome. Conclusions Our study suggests that response to induction treatment and clinical outcome of Hispanic patients can be predicted from the onset of the disease and that gene expression profiles can be used to stratify patient risk adequately and accurately. The present study represents the first that shows the gene expression profiling of B-ALL Colombian adults and its relevance for stratification in the early course of disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0333-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Cruz-Rodriguez
- Programa de Investigación e Innovación en Leucemias Agudas y Crónicas (PILAC), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia.,Group of Investigation in Biology of Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Calle 1 # 9-85, Bogotá, Colombia.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alba L Combita
- Programa de Investigación e Innovación en Leucemias Agudas y Crónicas (PILAC), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Group of Investigation in Biology of Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Calle 1 # 9-85, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Leonardo J Enciso
- Programa de Investigación e Innovación en Leucemias Agudas y Crónicas (PILAC), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Hemato Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra M Quijano
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paula L Pinzon
- Group of Investigation in Biology of Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Calle 1 # 9-85, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Olga C Lozano
- Group of Investigation in Biology of Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Calle 1 # 9-85, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan S Castillo
- Programa de Investigación e Innovación en Leucemias Agudas y Crónicas (PILAC), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Li Li
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Center Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 909, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Julio Solano
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Center Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 909, New Orleans, LA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Center Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 909, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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22
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Xu F, Wang J, Cao Z, Song M, Fu Y, Zhu Y, Li Y. cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway Induces Apoptosis by Inhibited NF-κB in Aluminum Chloride-Treated Lymphocytes In Vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 170:424-31. [PMID: 26280903 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To explore the apoptosis mechanism in lymphocytes of rats induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, the splenic lymphocytes of rats were cultured and exposed to different concentrations of AlCl3 for 24 h. The final concentrations of AlCl3 (AlCl3 · 6H2O) in supernatant were 0 (control group, CG), 0.3 mmol/L (low-dose group, LG), 0.6 mmol/L (mid-dose group, MG), and 1.2 mmol/L (high-dose group, HG), respectively. Lymphocytes Apoptosis rate, intracellular cAMP content, PKA, survivin, B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) mRNA expressions, and the mRNA and protein expressions of nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κB, p65) were detected, respectively. The results showed that apoptosis index of lymphocytes, cAMP content in intracellular and PKA mRNA expression were significantly upregulated, whereas NF-κB and survivin mRNA expressions, nuclear NF-κB (p65) protein expression, and the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression were downregulated in the AlCl3-treated groups compared with those in CG. The results indicated that the activated cAMP/PKA signaling pathway induces apoptosis by inhibited NF-κB in AlCl3-treated lymphocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feibo Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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23
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Kim JH, Kim WS, Ryu K, Kim SJ, Park C. CD79B limits response of diffuse large B cell lymphoma to ibrutinib. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 57:1413-22. [PMID: 26699656 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Blockage of B cell receptor signaling with ibrutinib presents a promising clinical approach for treatment of B-cell malignancies. However, many patients show primary resistance to the drug or develop secondary resistance. In the current study, cDNA microarray and Western blot analyses revealed CD79B upregulation in the activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) that display differential resistance to ibrutinib. CD79B overexpression was sufficient to induce resistance to ibrutinib and enhanced AKT and MAPK activation, indicative of an alternative mechanism underlying resistance. Conversely, depletion of CD79B sensitized primary refractory cells to ibrutinib and led to reduced phosphorylation of AKT or MAPK. Combination of the AKT inhibitor or the MAPK inhibitor with ibrutinib resulted in circumvention of both primary and acquired resistance in ABC-DLBCL. Our data collectively indicate that CD79B overexpression leading to activation of AKT/MAPK is a potential mechanism underlying primary ibrutinib resistance in ABC-DLBCL, and support its utility as an effective biomarker to predict therapeutic response to ibrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Kim
- a Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- a Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea ;,b Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Kyungju Ryu
- a Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- a Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea ;,b Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Chaehwa Park
- a Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
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24
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Browning RL, Mo X, Muthusamy N, Byrd JC. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide CpG-685 upregulates functional interleukin-21 receptor on chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells through an NF-κB mediated pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 6:15931-9. [PMID: 26158860 PMCID: PMC4599247 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) upregulate the interleukin-21 receptor (IL21R) and enhance IL-21-mediated cytotoxicity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells. We demonstrate that treatment of CLL B cells with the ODN CpG-685 leads to increased IL21R expression, and that this increased expression enhances the effects of IL-21 treatment as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of JAK1, STAT1, and STAT3, as compared to IL-21 treatment without prior CpG stimulation. Induction of IL21R by CpG-685 also enhanced IL-21-mediated cytotoxicity. The mechanism by which CpG ODNs upregulate IL21R has not been elucidated, although IL21R regulation in T cells has been shown to be linked to T cell receptor-induced Sp1 binding to the IL21R promoter. Here, we demonstrate that luciferase reporter constructs containing the Sp1 binding site have increased basal luciferase activity compared to constructs lacking the Sp1 binding site, but fail to increase luciferase activity with CpG-685 stimulation in CLL B cells. By treating CLL cells with an NF-κB inhibitor, we inhibit the CpG ODN-mediated induction of IL21R, thus demonstrating that CpG-685 upregulates IL21R through an NF-κB mediated pathway. These findings suggest an alternative mechanism for induction of IL-21 receptor in CLL B cells and provide a basis for creation of future combination therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- I-kappa B Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism
- Interleukin-21 Receptor alpha Subunit/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-21 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-21 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/genetics
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L. Browning
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John C. Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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25
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Xu ZS, Zhang JS, Zhang JY, Wu SQ, Xiong DL, Chen HJ, Chen ZZ, Zhan R. Constitutive activation of NF-κB signaling by NOTCH1 mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1609-14. [PMID: 25633905 PMCID: PMC4358086 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1 mutations occur in approximately 10% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the relationship between the genetic aberrations and tumor cell drug resistance or disease progression remains unclear. Frameshift deletions were detected by gene sequencing in the NOTCH1 PEST domain in three naive CLL patients. These mutations were associated with chromosomal abnormalities including trisomy 12 or 13q deletion. Of note, one of the patients developed Richter's transformation during FCR treatment. Immunofluorescent and western blot analyses revealed a markedly higher intracellular domain of NOTCH (ICN) expression in the mutated cells compared with their unmutated counterparts and normal CD19+ B lymphocytes (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). In addition, strong DNA-κB binding activities were observed in the mutant cells by gel shift assays. RT-PCR analysis revealed elevated RelA mRNA expression in the mutant cells, while RelB levels were variable. Reduced levels of RelA and RelB mRNA were observed in unmutated CLL and normal B cells. Compared to unmutated CLL and normal B cells, increased apoptosis occurred in the mutant cells in the presence of GSI (ICN inhibitor) and PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor), particularly under the synergistic effects of the two drugs (P=0.03). Moreover, IKKα and IKKβ, the active components in the NF-κB pathway, were markedly inhibited following prolonged treatment with GSI and PDTC. These results suggested that NOTCH1 mutations constitutively activate the NF-κB signaling pathway in CLL, which is likely related to ICN overexpression, indicating NOTCH1 and NF-κB as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Shu Xu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ju-Shun Zhang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yan Zhang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shun-Quan Wu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Lian Xiong
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhe Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhan
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
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26
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Pede V, Rombout A, Vermeire J, Naessens E, Vanderstraeten H, Philippé J, Verhasselt B. Expression of ZAP70 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia activates NF-κB signalling. Br J Haematol 2013; 163:621-30. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Pede
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Ans Rombout
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Jolien Vermeire
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Evelien Naessens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Hanne Vanderstraeten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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27
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Xu J, Zhou P, Wang W, Sun A, Guo F. RelB, together with RelA, sustains cell survival and confers proteasome inhibitor sensitivity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells from bone marrow. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 92:77-92. [PMID: 24042463 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although the biological factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remain widely unresolved, it has been suggested that dysregulated cell survival and proliferation are fundamental to this process. Constitutive classical nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation protects CLL B-cells from cell death and plays a critical role in the acquisition of chemoresistance. RelB, representing the alternative NF-κB activity, functions specifically in lymphoid organogenesis and B-cell maturation. RelB indeed plays a tumor-supportive role and confers radiation resistance in tumors. However, the involvement of RelB in CLL has not been addressed. Here, we analyzed the NF-κB activation in 67 of CLL bone marrow (BM). Both the RelA and RelB activity were detected in CLL B-cells from BM, in spite of inevitable variability. Low RelB activity was linked to a favorable prognosis of CLL. The migration and adhesion abilities of CLL B-cells were not affected by the RelB activity. High RelB activity, together with the RelA activity, maintained basal survival of cells. The induction of RelA and RelB expression in the nucleus was responsible for better survival of CLL B-cells supported by bone marrow stromal cells. In addition, the presence of high RelB activity in CLL B-cells was correlated with sensitivity to proteasome inhibitor but not fludarabine. Taken together, we provided evidences that not only RelA but also RelB, subunits of NF-κB family, played an important role in the cellular behaviors of CLL cells from BM. The strength of RelB activity influenced the prognosis of CLL patients. KEY MESSAGE RelB, with RelA activity, maintained the basal survival of CLL cells from BM. RelB, with RelA, conferred the proteasome inhibitor sensitivity of CLL cells. Induction of RelA and RelB was responsible for the better survival of CLL B-cells. The strength of RelB activity influenced the prognosis of CLL patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Chemokines/genetics
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Coculture Techniques
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Activation
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neoplasm Staging
- Proteasome Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Transcription Factor RelA/genetics
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
- Transcription Factor RelB/genetics
- Transcription Factor RelB/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Central Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Road 188, Suzhou, China, 215006
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28
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de Weerdt I, Eldering E, van Oers MH, Kater AP. The biological rationale and clinical efficacy of inhibition of signaling kinases in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2013; 37:838-47. [PMID: 23597579 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is still incurable, with considerable resistance to the standard therapy. CLL cells receive anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferation stimuli in lymph nodes and bone marrow, mainly through B cell receptor activation and TNF-receptor family ligation. In recent years, the focus for finding new drugs has shifted to blocking signals from the microenvironment. Novel therapeutical agents interfere with these microenvironmental interactions, and include inhibitors of kinases Syk, Btk and PI3Kδ. In this review we will focus on the microenvironmental interactions of CLL and the role of tyrosine kinases. Furthermore, early results from clinical trials with kinase inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris de Weerdt
- Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Ebrahim W, Aly AH, Wray V, Mándi A, Teiten MH, Gaascht F, Orlikova B, Kassack MU, Lin W, Diederich M, Kurtán T, Debbab A, Proksch P. Embellicines A and B: Absolute Configuration and NF-κB Transcriptional Inhibitory Activity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2991-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400034b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weaam Ebrahim
- Institut für Pharmazeutische
Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf,
Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Düsseldorf,
Germany
| | - Amal H. Aly
- Institut für Pharmazeutische
Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf,
Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Düsseldorf,
Germany
| | - Victor Wray
- Helmholtz Centre
for Infection
Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
University of Debrecen, POB 20, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marie-Hélène Teiten
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire
et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg 9, rue Edward Steichen
L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - François Gaascht
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire
et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg 9, rue Edward Steichen
L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Barbora Orlikova
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire
et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg 9, rue Edward Steichen
L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Matthias U. Kassack
- Institut
für Pharmazeutische
und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse
1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - WenHan Lin
- National Research Laboratories
of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Health Science
Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Marc Diederich
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire
et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg 9, rue Edward Steichen
L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Pharmacy, College
of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 599 Kwanak-ro, Kwanak-gu,
Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
University of Debrecen, POB 20, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Abdessamad Debbab
- Institut für Pharmazeutische
Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf,
Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Düsseldorf,
Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische
Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf,
Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Düsseldorf,
Germany
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Dasmahapatra G, Patel H, Dent P, Fisher RI, Friedberg J, Grant S. The Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor PCI-32765 synergistically increases proteasome inhibitor activity in diffuse large-B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells sensitive or resistant to bortezomib. Br J Haematol 2013; 161:43-56. [PMID: 23360303 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor PCI-32765 and the proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib) were examined in diffuse large-B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells, including those highly resistant to bortezomib. Co-administration of PCI-32765/bortezomib synergistically increased mitochondrial injury and apoptosis in germinal centre- or activated B-cell-like-DLBCL cells and in MCL cells. These events were accompanied by marked AKT and nuclear factor (NF)-κB (NFKB1) inactivation, down-regulation of Mcl-1 (MCL1), Bcl-xL (BCL2L1), and XIAP, and enhanced DNA damage (e.g., γH2A.X formation) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Similar interactions were observed in highly bortezomib-resistant DLBCL and MCL cells, and in primary DLBCL cells. In contrast, PCI-32765/bortezomib regimens displayed minimal toxicity toward normal CD34(+) bone marrow cells. Transfection of DLBCL cells with a constitutively active AKT construct attenuated AKT inactivation and significantly diminished cell death, whereas expression of an NF-κB "super-repressor" (IκBαser34/36 ) increased both PCI-32765 and bortezomib lethality. Moreover, cells in which the ER stress response was disabled by a dominant-negative eIF2α construct were resistant to this regimen. Finally, combined exposure to PCI-32765 and bortezomib resulted in more pronounced and sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and ROS scavengers significantly diminished lethality. Given promising early clinical results for PCI-32765 in DLBCL and MCL, a strategy combining BTK/proteasome inhibitor warrants attention in these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Dasmahapatra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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31
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Villamor N, Conde L, Martínez-Trillos A, Cazorla M, Navarro A, Beà S, López C, Colomer D, Pinyol M, Aymerich M, Rozman M, Abrisqueta P, Baumann T, Delgado J, Giné E, González-Díaz M, Hernández JM, Colado E, Payer AR, Rayon C, Navarro B, José Terol M, Bosch F, Quesada V, Puente XS, López-Otín C, Jares P, Pereira A, Campo E, López-Guillermo A. NOTCH1 mutations identify a genetic subgroup of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with high risk of transformation and poor outcome. Leukemia 2012; 27:1100-6. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bonilla-Porras AR, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C. Vitamin K3 and vitamin C alone or in combination induced apoptosis in leukemia cells by a similar oxidative stress signalling mechanism. Cancer Cell Int 2011; 11:19. [PMID: 21663679 PMCID: PMC3127817 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-11-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary therapy-related acute lymphoblastic leukemia might emerge following chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for primary malignancies. Therefore, other alternatives should be pursued to treat leukemia. RESULTS It is shown that vitamin K3- or vitamin C- induced apoptosis in leukemia cells by oxidative stress mechanism involving superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide generation, activation of NF-κB, p53, c-Jun, protease caspase-3 activation and mitochondria depolarization leading to nuclei fragmentation. Cell death was more prominent when Jurkat and K562 cells are exposed to VC and VK3 in a ratio 1000:1 (10 mM: 10 μM) or 100:1 (300 μM: 3 μM), respectively. CONCLUSION We provide for the first time in vitro evidence supporting a causative role for oxidative stress in VK3- and VC-induced apoptosis in Jurkat and K562 cells in a domino-like mechanism. Altogether these data suggest that VK3 and VC should be useful in the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica R Bonilla-Porras
- School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Laboratory 411/412; SIU- Medellin, Colombia.
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The novel NF-κB inhibitor IMD-0354 induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2011; 1:e12. [PMID: 22829125 PMCID: PMC3255277 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2011.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is an important regulator of cell survival and has been shown to be constitutively active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Recently, a novel NF-κB inhibitor, IMD-0354 (N-(3, 5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzamide), was shown to specifically inhibit the phosphorylation of IκBα by IkB kinases, thus preventing NF-κB release. In this study, we investigated if IMD-0354 can inhibit NF-κB activation and induce apoptosis in CLL cells in vitro. The rate of increase in apoptosis, drug sensitivity and DNA-binding activity of NF-κB were studied using Annexin V stainings, the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, respectively. Finally, the impact of IMD-0354 treatment on the expression of a set of apoptosis-related genes was investigated. The results clearly show that IMD-0354 induced apoptosis (mean 26%, range 8–48%) in CLL cells, independent of immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) gene mutational status, and showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. IMD-0354 treatment also significantly lowered the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in CLL cells. In addition, we identified differences in expression levels of pro- and antiapoptotic genes following IMD-0354 treatment. In summary, our novel findings show that IMD-0354 can induce apoptosis in CLL cells, and thus merits further investigation as an anticancer agent in vivo.
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Gold from the sea: marine compounds as inhibitors of the hallmarks of cancer. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:531-47. [PMID: 21371549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most deadly diseases in the world. Although advances in the field of chemo-preventive and therapeutic medicine have been made regularly over the last ten years, the search for novel anticancer treatments continues. In this field, the marine environment, with its rich variety of organisms, is a largely untapped source of novel compounds with potent antitumor activity. Although many reviews of marine anticancer compounds have been published, we focus here on selected marine compounds that act on the six hallmarks of cancer presented namely self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to anti-growth signals, evasion of apoptosis, limitless replication, sustained angiogenesis and tissue invasion and metastasis.
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Liu Z, Hazan-Halevy I, Harris DM, Li P, Ferrajoli A, Faderl S, Keating MJ, Estrov Z. STAT-3 activates NF-kappaB in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:507-15. [PMID: 21364020 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB plays a major role in the pathogenesis of B-cell neoplasms. A broad array of mostly extracellular stimuli has been reported to activate NF-κB, to various degrees, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Because CLL cells harbor high levels of unphosphorylated STAT-3 (USTAT-3) and USTAT-3 was reported to activate NF-κB, we sought to determine whether USTAT-3 activates NF-κB in CLL. Using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), we studied peripheral blood low-density cells from 15 patients with CLL and found that CLL cell nuclear extracts from all the samples bound to an NF-κB DNA probe, suggesting that NF-κB is constitutively activated in CLL. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that STAT-3 bound NF-κB p65, and confocal microscopy studies detected USTAT-3/NF-κB complexes in the nuclei of CLL cells, thereby confirming these findings. Furthermore, infection of CLL cells with retroviral STAT-3-short hairpin RNA attenuated the binding of NF-κB to DNA, as assessed by EMSA, and downregulated mRNA levels of NF-κB-regulated genes, as assessed by quantitative PCR. Taken together, our data suggest that USTAT-3 binds to the NF-κB p50/p65 dimers and that the USTAT-3/NF-κB complexes bind to DNA and activate NF-κB-regulated genes in CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Liu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Post-formulation peptide drug loading of nanostructures for metered control of NF-κB signaling. Biomaterials 2011; 32:231-8. [PMID: 20864161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB signaling pathway is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we report the first strategy to achieve NF-κB inhibition with a peptide inhibitor loaded into perfluorocarbon nanoparticles with the use of a simple post-formulation mixing approach that utilizes an amphipathic cationic fusion peptide linker strategy for cargo insertion. A stable peptide-nanoparticle complex is formed (dissociation constant ∼ 0.14 μM) and metered inhibition of both NF-κB signaling and downstream gene expression (ICAM-1) is demonstrated in leukemia/lymphoma cells. This post-formulation cargo loading strategy enables the use of a generic synthetic or biologic lipidic nanostructure for drug conjugation that permits flexible specification of types and doses of peptides and/or other materials as diagnostic or therapeutic agents for metered incorporation and cellular delivery.
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Abstract
Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, one of the most investigated transcription factors, has been found to control multiple cellular processes in cancer including inflammation, transformation, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, chemoresistance and radioresistance. NF-κB is constitutively active in most tumor cells, and its suppression inhibits the growth of tumor cells, leading to the concept of 'NF-κB addiction' in cancer cells. Why NF-κB is constitutively and persistently active in cancer cells is not fully understood, but multiple mechanisms have been delineated including agents that activate NF-κB (such as viruses, viral proteins, bacteria and cytokines), signaling intermediates (such as mutant receptors, overexpression of kinases, mutant oncoproteins, degradation of IκBα, histone deacetylase, overexpression of transglutaminase and iNOS) and cross talk between NF-κB and other transcription factors (such as STAT3, HIF-1α, AP1, SP, p53, PPARγ, β-catenin, AR, GR and ER). As NF-κB is 'pre-active' in cancer cells through unrelated mechanisms, classic inhibitors of NF-κB (for example, bortezomib) are unlikely to mediate their anticancer effects through suppression of NF-κB. This review discusses multiple mechanisms of NF-κB activation and their regulation by multitargeted agents in contrast to monotargeted agents, thus 'one size does not fit all' cancers.
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Deregulation of Aiolos expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with epigenetic modifications. Blood 2010; 117:1917-27. [PMID: 21139082 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-09-307140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a clonal accumulation of mature neoplastic B cells that are resistant to apoptosis. Aiolos, a member of the Ikaros family of zinc-finger transcription factors, plays an important role in the control of mature B lymphocyte differentiation and maturation. In this study, we showed that Aiolos expression is up-regulated in B-CLL cells. This overexpression does not implicate isoform imbalance or disturb Aiolos subcellular localization. The chromatin status at the Aiolos promoter in CLL is defined by the demethylation of DNA and an enrichment of euchromatin associated histone markers, such as the dimethylation of the lysine 4 on histone H3. These epigenetic modifications should allow its upstream effectors, such as nuclear factor-κB, constitutively activated in CLL, to gain access to promoter, resulting up-regulation of Aiolos. To determine the consequences of Aiolos deregulation in CLL, we analyzed the effects of Aiolos overexpression or down-regulation on apoptosis. Aiolos is involved in cell survival by regulating the expression of some Bcl-2 family members. Our results strongly suggest that Aiolos deregulation by epigenetic modifications may be a hallmark of CLL.
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