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Qian CW, Li X, Gu MQ. Visible-Light-Induced Multi-Component Nitrooxylation Reactions of α-Diazoesters, Cyclic Ethers, and Tert-Butyl Nitrite Leading to Organic Nitrate Esters. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402304. [PMID: 39044322 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
A simple and efficient strategy has been developed for the synthesis of organic nitrate esters via visible-light-induced multi-component nitrooxylation reactions of α-diazoesters, cyclic ethers, and tert-butyl nitrite under open air atmosphere. This transformation could be conducted under mild and metal-free conditions to provide a number of organic nitrate esters in moderate to good yields using air as the green oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Wei Qian
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Qing Gu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, Jiangsu, China
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Lv Y, Hao J, Huang J, Song L, Yue H, Wei W, Yi D. Metal-free visible-light-mediated aerobic nitrooxylation for the synthesis of nitrate esters with t-BuONO. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9801-9804. [PMID: 39162090 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free and sustainable visible-light-mediated method for the preparation of organic nitrate esters has been developed through the aerobic nitrooxylation reaction of α-diazoesters and cyclic ethers with t-BuONO in the presence of dioxygen. This protocol provides an efficient approach to access nitrate esters with the advantages of clean energy, broad substrate scope, green oxidants, operational simplicity, and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Jindong Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Lianhui Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Huilan Yue
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai 81000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Yi
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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The Evolution of Nitric Oxide Function: From Reactivity in the Prebiotic Earth to Examples of Biological Roles and Therapeutic Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071222. [PMID: 35883712 PMCID: PMC9311577 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide was once considered to be of marginal interest to the biological sciences and medicine; however, there is now wide recognition, but not yet a comprehensive understanding, of its functions and effects. NO is a reactive, toxic free radical with numerous biological targets, especially metal ions. However, NO and its reaction products also play key roles as reductant and oxidant in biological redox processes, in signal transduction, immunity and infection, as well as other roles. Consequently, it can be sensed, metabolized and modified in biological systems. Here, we present a brief overview of the chemistry and biology of NO—in particular, its origins in geological time and in contemporary biology, its toxic consequences and its critical biological functions. Given that NO, with its intrinsic reactivity, appeared in the early Earth’s atmosphere before the evolution of complex lifeforms, we speculate that the potential for toxicity preceded biological function. To examine this hypothesis, we consider the nature of non-biological and biological targets of NO, the evolution of biological mechanisms for NO detoxification, and how living organisms generate this multifunctional gas.
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Ivanova IS, Tsebrikova GS, Rogacheva YI, Ilyukhin AB, Solov’ev VP, Pyatova EN, Baulin VE. Complexing Properties of 2-Hydroxy-5-Ethylphenylphosphonic Acid (H3L). Crystal Structure and Analgesic Activity of [Cu(H2L)2(Н2О)2]. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621120068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Thurow S, Fernandes AAG, Quevedo-Acosta Y, de Oliveira MF, de Oliveira MG, Jurberg ID. Preparation of Organic Nitrates from Aryldiazoacetates and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O. Org Lett 2019; 21:6909-6913. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Thurow
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra A. G. Fernandes
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Yovanny Quevedo-Acosta
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Bio and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Matheus F. de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G. de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor D. Jurberg
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Sparatore A, Santus G, Giustarini D, Rossi R, Del Soldato P. Therapeutic potential of new hydrogen sulfide-releasing hybrids. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 4:109-21. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rolando B, Lazzarato L, Donnola M, Marini E, Joseph S, Morini G, Pozzoli C, Fruttero R, Gasco A. Water-soluble nitric-oxide-releasing acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) prodrugs. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1199-209. [PMID: 23754790 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of water-soluble (benzoyloxy)methyl esters of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), commonly known as aspirin, are described. The new derivatives each have alkyl chains containing a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing nitrooxy group and a solubilizing moiety bonded to the benzoyl ring. The compounds were synthesized and evaluated as ASA prodrugs. After conversion to the appropriate salt, most of the derivatives are solid at room temperature and all possess good water solubility. They are quite stable in acid solution (pH 1) and less stable at physiological pH. In human serum, these compounds are immediately metabolized by esterases, producing a mixture of ASA, salicylic acid (SA), and of the related NO-donor benzoic acids, along with other minor products. Due to ASA release, the prodrugs are capable of inhibiting collagen-induced platelet aggregation of human platelet-rich plasma. Simple NO-donor benzoic acids 3-hydroxy-4-(3-nitrooxypropoxy)benzoic acid (28) and 3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-4-[3-(nitrooxy)propoxy]benzoic acid (48) were also studied as representative models of the whole class of benzoic acids formed following metabolism of the prodrugs in serum. These simplified derivatives did not trigger antiaggregatory activity when tested at 300 μM. Only 28 displays quite potent NO-dependent vasodilatatory action. Further in vivo evaluation of two selected prodrugs, {[2-(acetyloxy)benzoyl]oxy}methyl-3-[(3-[aminopropanoyl)oxy]-4-[3-(nitrooxy)propoxy]benzoate⋅HCl (38) and {[2-(acetyloxy)benzoyl]oxy}methyl 3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-4-[3-(nitrooxy)propoxy]benzoate oxalate (49), revealed that their anti-inflammatory activities are similar to that of ASA when tested in the carrageenan-induced paw edema assay in rats. The gastrotoxicity of the two prodrugs was also determined to be lower than that of ASA in a lesion model in rats. Taken together, these results indicated that these NO-donor ASA prodrugs warrant further investigation for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rolando
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Zhuang P, Ji H, Zhang YH, Min ZL, Ni QG, You R. ZJM-289, a novel nitric oxide donor, alleviates the cerebral ischaemic-reperfusion injury in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:e121-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
Our knowledge of nitric oxide (NO) as a crucial endogenous signalling molecule continues to expand. Many, but not all, of the actions of NO are mediated by activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in target tissues. The aim of this chapter is to encapsulate the functions of NO in mammalian biology, tied to the chemistry of this unusual signalling entity. The experimental usefulness and therapeutic potential of the most widely utilised NO donor drugs is reviewed, with special consideration given to the importance of choosing the correct NO donor for any given experiment, in vitro, in vivo or in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L Megson
- Free Radical Research Facility, Department of Diabetes, UHI Millennium Institute, Inverness, Scotland, IV2 3BL, UK.
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Turnbull CM, Marcarino P, Sheldrake TA, Lazzarato L, Cena C, Fruttero R, Gasco A, Fox S, Megson IL, Rossi AG. A novel hybrid aspirin-NO-releasing compound inhibits TNFalpha release from LPS-activated human monocytes and macrophages. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2008; 5:12. [PMID: 18671842 PMCID: PMC2525633 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-5-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The cytoprotective nature of nitric oxide (NO) led to development of NO-aspirins in the hope of overcoming the gastric side-effects of aspirin. However, the NO moiety gives these hybrids potential for actions further to their aspirin-mediated anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory effects. Having previously shown that novel NO-aspirin hybrids containing a furoxan NO-releasing group have potent anti-platelet effects, here we investigate their anti-inflammatory properties. Here we examine their effects upon TNFα release from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages and investigate a potential mechanism of action through effects on LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Methods Peripheral venous blood was drawn from the antecubital fossa of human volunteers. Mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured. The resultant differentiated macrophages were treated with pharmacologically relevant concentrations of either a furoxan-aspirin (B8, B7; 10 μM), their respective furazan NO-free counterparts (B16, B15; 10 μM), aspirin (10 μM), existing nitroaspirin (NCX4016; 10 μM), an NO donor (DEA/NO; 10 μM) or dexamethasone (1 μM), in the presence and absence of LPS (10 ng/ml; 4 h). Parallel experiments were conducted on undifferentiated fresh monocytes. Supernatants were assessed by specific ELISA for TNFα release and by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay for cell necrosis. To assess NF-κB activation, the effects of the compounds on the loss of cytoplasmic inhibitor of NF-κB, IκBα (assessed by western blotting) and nuclear localisation (assessed by immunofluorescence) of the p65 subunit of NF-κB were determined. Results B8 significantly reduced TNFα release from LPS-treated macrophages to 36 ± 10% of the LPS control. B8 and B16 significantly inhibited monocyte TNFα release to 28 ± 5, and 49 ± 9% of control, respectively. The B8 effect was equivalent in magnitude to that of dexamethasone, but was not shared by 10 μM DEA/NO, B7, the furazans, aspirin or NCX4016. LDH assessment revealed none of the treatments caused significant cell lysis. LPS stimulated loss of cytoplasmic IκBα and nuclear translocation of the p65 NF-κB subunit was inhibited by the active NO-furoxans. Conclusion Here we show that furoxan-aspirin, B8, significantly reduces TNFα release from both monocytes and macrophages and suggest that inhibition of NF-κB activation is a likely mechanism for the effect. This anti-inflammatory action highlights a further therapeutic potential of drugs of this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona M Turnbull
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Lazzarato L, Donnola M, Rolando B, Marini E, Cena C, Coruzzi G, Guaita E, Morini G, Fruttero R, Gasco A, Biondi S, Ongini E. Searching for new NO-donor aspirin-like molecules: a new class of nitrooxy-acyl derivatives of salicylic acid. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1894-903. [PMID: 18293898 DOI: 10.1021/jm701104f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new class of products in which the phenol group of salicylic acid is linked to alkanoyl moieties bearing nitrooxy functions has been synthesized and studied for their polyvalent actions. The products were stable in acid and neutral media, while they were hydrolyzed in human serum. Their half-lives were dependent upon the structure of alkanoyl moieties. The products showed anti-inflammatory activities similar to aspirin when tested in the carrageenan-induced paw edema assay in the rat. Interestingly, unlike aspirin, they showed reduced or no gastrotoxicity in a lesion model in rats at equimolar doses. A number of them were able to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen in human platelet-rich plasma. All of the products were capable of relaxing rat aortic strips precontracted with phenylephrine in a concentration-dependent manner. Selected members of this new class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs might represent possible safer alternatives to aspirin in different clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Lazzarato
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
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Tiwari R, Singh V, Barthwal M. Macrophages: An elusive yet emerging therapeutic target of atherosclerosis. Med Res Rev 2008; 28:483-544. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gasco A, Boschi D, Chegaev K, Cena C, Di Stilo A, Fruttero R, Lazzarato L, Rolando B, Tosco P. Multitarget drugs: Focus on the NO-donor hybrid drugs. PURE APPL CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200880081693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The article addresses the design of multitarget drugs, namely, compounds capable of interacting with more than one target simultaneously. These agents could be useful tools in the therapy of complex diseases such as cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. An interesting case of multitarget compounds are nitric oxide (NO)-donor hybrids, structures which combine the physiological properties of NO with those of a lead drug. In particular, the authors discuss the symbiotic approach used to design NO-donor nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAIDs) and NO-donor antioxidants. The former could be useful agents in the treatment of anti-inflammatory diseases being devoid of gastro- and cardiotoxicity, the latter could be a valid approach to the treatment of many cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gasco
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Turin,via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Turin,via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Konstantin Chegaev
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Turin,via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Clara Cena
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Turin,via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Stilo
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Turin,via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Turin,via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Loretta Lazzarato
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Turin,via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Turin,via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Tosco
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Turin,via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy
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Miller MR, Megson IL. Recent developments in nitric oxide donor drugs. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:305-21. [PMID: 17401442 PMCID: PMC2013979 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 1980s, the free radical, nitric oxide (NO), was discovered to be a crucial signalling molecule, with wide-ranging functions in the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems. Aside from providing a credible explanation for the actions of organic nitrates and sodium nitroprusside that have long been used in the treatment of angina and hypertensive crises respectively, the discovery generated great hopes for new NO-based treatments for a wide variety of ailments. Decades later, however, we are still awaiting novel licensed agents in this arena, despite an enormous research effort to this end. This review explores some of the most promising recent advances in NO donor drug development and addresses the challenges associated with NO as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Miller
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute Edinburgh, UK
| | - I L Megson
- Free Radical Research Facility, Department of Diabetes, UHI Millennium Institute Inverness, UK
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