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Parvanovova P, Evinova A, Grofik M, Hnilicova P, Tatarkova Z, Turcanova-Koprusakova M. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients: Insights from High-Resolution Respirometry. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1294. [PMID: 38927501 PMCID: PMC11201269 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a severe neurodegenerative disease whose exact cause is still unclear. Currently, research attention is turning to the mitochondrion as a critical organelle of energy metabolism. Current knowledge is sufficient to confirm the involvement of the mitochondria in the pathophysiology of the disease, since the mitochondria are involved in many processes in the cell; however, the exact mechanism of involvement is still unclear. We used peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from whole fresh blood from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for measurement and matched an age- and sex-matched set of healthy subjects. The group of patients consisted of patients examined and diagnosed at the neurological clinic of the University Hospital Martin. The set of controls consisted of healthy individuals who were actively searched, and controls were selected on the basis of age and sex. The group consisted of 26 patients with sporadic forms of ALS (13 women, 13 men), diagnosed based on the definitive criteria of El Escorial. The average age of patients was 54 years, and the average age of healthy controls was 56 years. We used a high-resolution O2K respirometry method, Oxygraph-2k, to measure mitochondrial respiration. Basal respiration was lower in patients by 29.48%, pyruvate-stimulated respiration (respiratory chain complex I) was lower by 29.26%, and maximal respiratory capacity was lower by 28.15%. The decrease in succinate-stimulated respiration (respiratory chain complex II) was 26.91%. Our data confirm changes in mitochondrial respiration in ALS patients, manifested by the reduced function of complex I and complex II of the respiratory chain. These defects are severe enough to confirm this disease's hypothesized mitochondrial damage. Therefore, research interest in the future should be directed towards a deeper understanding of the involvement of mitochondria and respiratory complexes in the pathophysiology of the disease. This understanding could develop new biomarkers in diagnostics and subsequent therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Parvanovova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (P.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Andrea Evinova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.E.); (P.H.)
| | - Milan Grofik
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Martin, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Petra Hnilicova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.E.); (P.H.)
| | - Zuzana Tatarkova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (P.P.); (Z.T.)
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Li Z, Chen X, Liu Z, Ye W, Li L, Qian L, Ding H, Li P, Aung LHH. Recent Advances: Molecular Mechanism of RNA Oxidation and Its Role in Various Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:184. [PMID: 32850971 PMCID: PMC7413073 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the research on DNA damage, there are fewer studies on RNA damage, and the damage mechanism remains mostly unknown. Recent studies have shown that RNA is more vulnerable to damage than DNA when the cells are exposed to endogenous and exogenous insults. RNA injury may participate in a variety of disease occurrence and development. RNA not only has important catalytic functions and other housekeeping functions, it also plays a decisive role in the translation of genetic information and protein biosynthesis. Various kinds of stressors, such as ultraviolet, reactive oxygen species and nitrogen, can cause damage to RNA. It may involve in the development and progression of diseases. In this review, we focused on the relationship between the RNA damage and disease as well as the research progress on the mechanism of RNA damage, which is of great significance for the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiatian Chen
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziqian Liu
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Device, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Qian
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyan Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Device, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Fang X. Impaired tissue barriers as potential therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1031-1043. [PMID: 29681010 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier and the intestinal barrier show signs of disruption in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and animal models of nigrostriatal degeneration, and likewise in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) models. A substantial body of evidence shows that defects in epithelial membrane barriers, both in the gut and within the cerebral vasculature, can result in increased vulnerability of tissues to external factors potentially participating in the pathogenesis of PD and ALS. As such, restoration of tissue barriers may prove to be a novel therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we focus on the potential of new intervention strategies for rescuing and maintaining barrier functions in PD and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Rando A, Pastor D, Viso-León MC, Martínez A, Manzano R, Navarro X, Osta R, Martínez S. Intramuscular transplantation of bone marrow cells prolongs the lifespan of SOD1 G93A mice and modulates expression of prognosis biomarkers of the disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:90. [PMID: 29625589 PMCID: PMC5889612 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, paralysis and death. There is no effective treatment for ALS and stem cell therapy has arisen as a potential therapeutic approach. METHODS SOD1 mutant mice were used to study the potential neurotrophic effect of bone marrow cells grafted into quadriceps femoris muscle. RESULTS Bone marrow intramuscular transplants resulted in increased longevity with improved motor function and decreased motoneuron degeneration in the spinal cord. Moreover, the increment of the glial-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 4 observed in the grafted muscles suggests that this partial neuroprotective effect is mediated by neurotrophic factor release at the neuromuscular junction level. Finally, certain neurodegeneration and muscle disease-specific markers, which are altered in the SOD1G93A mutant mouse and may serve as molecular biomarkers for the early detection of ALS in patients, have been studied with encouraging results. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that stem cell transplantation in the muscle prolonged the lifespan, increased motoneuron survival and slowed disease progression, which was also assessed by genetic expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Rando
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Facultad de Veterinaria, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego Pastor
- Centro de Investigación Deporte, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, UMH-CSIC, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Viso-León
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, UMH-CSIC, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Anna Martínez
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Regeneración, Instituto de Neurociencias y Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Manzano
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Facultad de Veterinaria, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Regeneración, Instituto de Neurociencias y Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Facultad de Veterinaria, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, UMH-CSIC, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Kuźma-Kozakiewicz M, Kaźmierczak B, Chudy A, Gajewska B, Barańczyk-Kuźma A. Alteration of Motor Protein Expression Involved in Bidirectional Transport in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. NEURODEGENER DIS 2016; 16:235-44. [PMID: 26954557 DOI: 10.1159/000443664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) is a fatal motor neuron degenerative disease of unclear pathogenesis. Disturbances of intracellular transport are possible causes of the disease. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the expression of motor proteins involved in the anterograde (kinesins KIF1B, KIF5C) and retrograde (KIFC3, dynactin subunits DCTN1 and DCTN3) intracellular transport in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS PBMCs were obtained from 74 SALS patients with different clinical phenotypes, 65 blood donors (healthy control I), and 29 cases with other neurological diseases (disease control II) divided into subgroups IIA (atypical parkinsonism) and IIB (ALS-mimicking disorders). mRNA expression was studied by real-time qPCR, and protein level by Western blotting. RESULTS In SALS, KIF5C and KIFC3 expression was significantly lower and DCTN1 higher than in control I, and dependent of age. KIF1B expression was significantly higher in SALS than in subgroup IIB, whereas DCTN1 and DCTN3 were higher in SALS than in subgroup IIA. All changes in the studied proteins were statistically significant in classic ALS but not in progressive muscular atrophy. CONCLUSION In SALS, and especially in classic ALS, the changes in motor protein expression may alter bidirectional intracellular transport in PBMCs. More studies are needed to find out whether the levels of KIF5C and DCTN1 may be useful in ALS diagnosis, and whether KIF1B expression may discriminate ALS from ALS-mimicking disorders.
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Häggmark A, Mikus M, Mohsenchian A, Hong MG, Forsström B, Gajewska B, Barańczyk-Kuźma A, Uhlén M, Schwenk JM, Kuźma-Kozakiewicz M, Nilsson P. Plasma profiling reveals three proteins associated to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 1:544-53. [PMID: 25356426 PMCID: PMC4184557 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult motor neuron disease leading to muscular paralysis and death within 3–5 years from onset. Currently, there are no reliable and sensitive markers able to substantially shorten the diagnosis delay. The objective of the study was to analyze a large number of proteins in plasma from patients with various clinical phenotypes of ALS in search for novel proteins or protein profiles that could serve as potential indicators of disease. Methods Affinity proteomics in the form of antibody suspension bead arrays were applied to profile plasma samples from 367 ALS patients and 101 controls. The plasma protein content was directly labeled and protein profiles obtained using 352 antibodies from the Human Protein Atlas targeting 278 proteins. A focused bead array was then built to further profile eight selected protein targets in all available samples. Results Disease-associated significant differences were observed and replicated for profiles from antibodies targeting the proteins: neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM), solute carrier family 25 (SLC25A20), and regulator of G-protein signaling 18 (RGS18). Interpretation Upon further validation in several independent cohorts with inclusion of a broad range of other neurological disorders as controls, the alterations of these three protein profiles in plasma could potentially provide new molecular markers of disease that contribute to the quest of understanding ALS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Häggmark
- SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Mikus
- SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Atefeh Mohsenchian
- SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Forsström
- SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beata Gajewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland ; Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Barańczyk-Kuźma
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland ; Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Kuźma-Kozakiewicz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland ; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Nilsson
- SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden
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The role of heat shock proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The therapeutic potential of Arimoclomol. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:40-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Gherardini L, Bardi G, Gennaro M, Pizzorusso T. Novel siRNA delivery strategy: a new "strand" in CNS translational medicine? Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1-20. [PMID: 23508806 PMCID: PMC11113879 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference has been envisaged as a powerful tool for molecular and clinical investigation with a great potential for clinical applications. In recent years, increased understanding of cancer biology and stem cell biology has dramatically accelerated the development of technology for cell and gene therapy in these areas. This paper is a review of the most recent report of innovative use of siRNA to benefit several central nervous system diseases. Furthermore, a description is made of innovative strategies of delivery into the brain by means of viral and non-viral vectors with high potential for translation into clinical use. Problems are also highlighted that might hamper the transition from bench to bed, analyzing the lack of reliable preclinical models with predictive validity and the lack of effective delivery systems, which are able to overcome biological barriers and specifically reach the brain site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Bardi
- Center for MicroBioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Genç B, Özdinler PH. Moving forward in clinical trials for ALS: motor neurons lead the way please. Drug Discov Today 2013; 19:441-9. [PMID: 24171950 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most complex motor neuron diseases. Even though scientific discoveries are accelerating with an unprecedented pace, to date more than 30 clinical trials have ended with failure and staggering frustration. There are too many compounds that increase life span in mice, but too little evidence that they will improve human condition. Increasing the chances of success for future clinical trials requires advancement of preclinical tests. Recent developments, which enable the visualization of diseased motor neurons, have the potential to bring novel insight. As we change our focus from mice to motor neurons, it is possible to foster a new vision that translates into effective and long-term treatment strategies in ALS and related motor neuron disorders (MND).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariş Genç
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - P Hande Özdinler
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Yu L, Guan Y, Wu X, Chen Y, Liu Z, Du H, Wang X. Wnt Signaling is altered by spinal cord neuronal dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis transgenic mice. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1904-13. [PMID: 23784673 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in the cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. The etiology and mechanisms of selective motor neuron loss in ALS remain unknown. Wnt signaling is involved in neurodegenerative processes but little is known about the kinetic changes in Wnt signaling during ALS progression. In this study we used transcriptional microarray analysis to examine the expression of Wnt signaling components in the spinal cords of ALS transgenic SOD1(G93A) mice at different stages. We found that ALS onset led to the upregulation of Wnt signaling components and target genes involved in growth regulation and proliferation. We also determined the expression of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (Wif1) and Wnt4 in the spinal cord of ALS transgenic mice at different stages by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. The protein levels of Wif1 and Wnt4 in the spinal cords of ALS transgenic mice were upregulated compared to those in wild-type mice. Moreover, the expression of Wif1 and Wnt4 in mature GFAP+ astrocytes was increased at the end stage of ALS. Our findings demonstrate that Wnt signaling is altered by spinal cord neuronal dysfunction in adult ALS transgenic mice, which provides new insight into ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261042, Shandong, China
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Southwell AL, Skotte NH, Bennett CF, Hayden MR. Antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics for inherited neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:634-43. [PMID: 23026741 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rising median age of our population and the age-dependent risk of neurodegeneration translate to exponentially increasing numbers of afflicted individuals in the coming years. Although symptomatic treatments are available for some neurodegenerative diseases, most are only moderately efficacious and are often associated with significant side effects. The development of small molecule, disease-modifying drugs has been hindered by complex pathogenesis and a failure to clearly define the rate-limiting steps in disease progression. An alternative approach is to directly target the mutant gene product or a defined causative protein. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) - with their diverse functionality, high target specificity, and relative ease of central nervous system (CNS) delivery - are uniquely positioned as potential therapies for neurological diseases. Here we review the development of ASOs for the treatment of inherited neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Southwell
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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Hu P, Tirelli N. Scavenging ROS: superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics by the use of an oxidation-sensitive nanocarrier/enzyme conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:438-49. [PMID: 22292618 DOI: 10.1021/bc200449k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are quintessential inflammatory compounds with oxidizing behavior. We have successfully developed a micellar system with responsiveness at the same time to two of the most important ROS: superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. This allows for an effective and selective capture of the two compounds and, in perspective, for inflammation-responsive drug release. The system is composed of superoxide dismutase (SOD) conjugated to oxidation-sensitive amphiphilic polysulfide/PEG block copolymers; the conjugate combines the SOD reactivity toward superoxide with that of hydrophobic thioethers toward hydrogen peroxide. Specifically, here we have demonstrated how this hybrid system can efficiently convert superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, which is then "mopped-up" by the polysulfides: this modus operandi is functionally analogous to the SOD/catalase combination, with the advantages of (a) being based on a single and more stable system, and (b) a higher overall efficiency due the physical proximity of the two ROS-reactive centers (SOD and polysulfides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Mice with mutation in dynein heavy chain 1 do not share the same tau expression pattern with mice with SOD1-related motor neuron disease. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:978-85. [PMID: 21380844 PMCID: PMC3084933 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to controversy about the involvement of Dync1h1 mutation in pathogenesis of motor neuron disease, we investigated expression of tau protein in transgenic hybrid mice with Dync1h1 (so-called Cra1/+), SOD1G93A (SOD1/+), double (Cra1/SOD1) mutations and wild-type controls. Total tau-mRNA and isoforms 0, 1 and 2 N expression was studied in frontal cortex, hippocampus, spinal cord and cerebellum of presymptomatic and symptomatic animals (age 70, 140 and 365 days). The most significant differences were found in brain cortex and cerebellum, but not in hippocampus and spinal cord. There were less changes in Cra1/SOD1 double heterozygotes compared to mice harboring single mutations. The differences in total tau expression and in profile of its isoforms between Cra1/+ and SOD1/+ transgenics indicate a distinct pathogenic entity of these two conditions.
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