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Li H, Chen H, Shi J, Fan Q, Zhou Z, Tang X, Wang Y, Liu Y. ERβ overexpression may not be a direct prognostic factor in patients with NSCLC: A meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2022; 37:249-259. [PMID: 35730164 DOI: 10.1177/03936155221105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overall survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains disappointingly low. The estrogen receptor (ER) was considered a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC. Numerous studies have linked expression of ERβ to lung cancer outcome. However, results are conflicting regarding the association of ERβ with surviving lung cancer. METHOD The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the prognostic aspect of ERβ expression on survival among NSCLC patients. We performed a final analysis of prognostic value of overexpression ERβ on 3500 patients from 18 evaluable studies (from January 1, 2000 to May 1, 2021). The reference category is specified as low ERβ expression levels. Summarized hazard ratios were calculated. RESULTS Our study showed that the pooled hazard ratios of ERβ overexpression for overall survival in NSCLC was 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64-1.02, P = 0.07) by univariate analysis and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.83-1.36, P = 0.63) by multivariate analysis. Pooled hazard ratio by univariate analysis in Asian studies was 0.73 (95%CI: 0.59-0.89, P = 0.002). Pooled hazard ratio by univariate analysis was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.61-0.93, P = 0.009) from seven studies reported for nuclear ERβ. No significant results were found in subgroups by multivariate analysis. No significant results were found in studies outside Asia or in studies reported for cytoplasmic ERβ. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that expression of ERβ might not be a direct prognostic factor for NSCLC patients. More detailed prospective studies are needed to identify direct prognostic factors in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, 71107Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Haishegn Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, 71107Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, 71107Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, 71107Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, 71107Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiufeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, 71107Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 71107Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuguo Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, 71107Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Meng W, Liao Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Meng Y, Li K, Xiao H. Upregulation of estrogen receptor beta protein but not mRNA predicts poor prognosis and may be associated with enhanced translation in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:4281-4300. [PMID: 34422356 PMCID: PMC8339768 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background An increasing number of original studies suggest that estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) expression may be related to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis; however, the evidence remains inconclusive and conflicting. We aimed to systematically evaluate the expression and prognostic value of ERβ in NSCLC, and to explain the inconsistency between ERβ protein and mRNA level. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies (published before October 6, 2020) reporting the prognostic value of ERβ protein expression in NSCLC. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS) were calculated. Transcriptome and survival data of lung adenocarcinoma patients were obtained from public databases for differential expression and survival analyses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to examine the ERβ protein expression in 39 NSCLC patients. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were performed to analyze ERβ expression in two paired NSCLC and normal adjacent tissue samples. The effect of methyltransferase-like 13 (METTL3) on ERβ expression was investigated in a lung cancer cell line. Results Meta-analysis of 23 studies with a total of 3744 patients demonstrated that high protein expression of overall ERβ and cytoplasmic ERβ indicated poor OS (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.10; HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.95) in NSCLC. For lung adenocarcinoma especially, high protein expression of both overall/cytoplasmic ERβ and nuclear ERβ suggested poor OS (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.25; HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.80). Bioinformatics analysis indicated the expression of ERβ mRNA was not associated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Analysis of public databases showed that ERβ mRNA is not highly expressed in tumor tissues, however, IHC results revealed that ERβ protein is highly expressed in NSCLC tissues. We validated this inconsistency in ERβ expression in paired tumors and normal adjacent tissues from patients. Moreover, METTL3 knockdown in the A549 cell line downregulated ERβ protein expression but not ERβ mRNA expression. Conclusions Our study elucidated the inconsistency between ERβ protein and mRNA expression levels and their prognostic values. The results indicated that METTL3-driven enhanced translation in NSCLC may cause this inconsistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongde Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunchong Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Li H, Che J, Jiang M, Cui M, Feng G, Dong J, Zhang S, Lu L, Liu W, Fan S. CLPTM1L induces estrogen receptor β signaling-mediated radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:152. [PMID: 32943060 PMCID: PMC7499972 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radioresistance is a major challenge in lung cancer radiotherapy, and new radiosensitizers are urgently needed. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is involved in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, the role of ERβ in the response to radiotherapy in lung cancer remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism underlying ERβ-mediated transcriptional activation and radioresistance of NSCLC cells. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of CLPTM1L, ERβ and other target genes. The mechanism of CLPTM1L in modulation of radiosensitivity was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, luciferase reporter gene assay, immunofluorescence staining, confocal microscopy, coimmunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. The functional role of CLPTM1L was detected by function assays in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS CLPTM1L expression was negatively correlated with the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cell lines, and irradiation upregulated CLPTM1L in radioresistant (A549) but not in radiosensitive (H460) NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, IR induced the translocation of CLPTM1L from the cytoplasm into the nucleus in NSCLC cells. Moreover, CLPTM1L induced radioresistance in NSCLC cells. iTRAQ-based analysis and cDNA microarray identified irradiation-related genes commonly targeted by CLPTM1L and ERβ, and CLPTM1L upregulated ERβ-induced genes CDC25A, c-Jun, and BCL2. Mechanistically, CLPTM1L coactivated ERβ by directly interacting with ERβ through the LXXLL NR (nuclear receptor)-binding motif. Functionally, ERβ silencing was sufficient to block CLPTM1L-enhanced radioresistance of NSCLC cells in vitro. CLPTM1L shRNA treatment in combination with irradiation significantly inhibited cancer cell growth in NSCLC xenograft tumors in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that CLPTM1L acts as a critical coactivator of ERβ to promote the transcription of its target genes and induce radioresistance of NSCLC cells, suggesting a new target for radiosensitization in NSCLC therapy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Jun Che
- grid.459328.10000 0004 1758 9149Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Hui-He Road, Wuxi, 214062 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Mian Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Ming Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Guoxing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Jiali Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Weili Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
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He F, Xie JX, Liu CL, Xiong WM, Xu QP, Liu ZQ, Lin T, Xiao RD, Li X, Cai L. The relationship of lung cancer with menstrual and reproductive factors may be influenced by passive smoking, cooking oil fumes, and tea intake: A case-control study in Chinese women. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8816. [PMID: 29145344 PMCID: PMC5704889 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of menstrual and reproductive factors with risk of lung cancer in women. Potential etiological clues related to lung cancer in women are identified to inform preventive strategies.Case-control study of 477 newly diagnosed women with lung cancer and 479 age-matched (±2 years) controls. Data on menstrual and reproductive factors and history of oral contraceptive use were obtained on personal interviews using a structured questionnaire. Risk factors were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression analysis.Maternal age ≥25 years at first birth appeared to protect against female lung cancer [odds ratios (ORs): 0.511, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.376-0.693]. Age at menopause > 50 years and use of contraceptives was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in women (OR: 1.471, 95% CI, 1.021-2.119 and OR: 1.844, 95% CI: 1.111-3.061, respectively). Age ≥13 years at menarche was associated with a decreased risk of lung adenocarcinoma (OR: 0.563, 95% CI, 0.317-0.997). There was significant heterogeneity in the levels of cooking oil fume (COF) exposure (Pheterogeneity = .015). Higher levels of exposure to passive smoking, COF, and lack of tea intake were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.Menstrual and reproductive factors are considered to play a role in the development of lung cancer in women. Exposure to passive smoking, COF, and lack of tea intake appeared to significantly modify the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian
| | - Jing-xian Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiamen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Chun-lan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
| | - Wei-min Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
| | - Qiu-ping Xu
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
| | - Zhi-qiang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
| | - Ren-dong Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Fujita H, Nagakawa K, Kobuchi H, Ogino T, Kondo Y, Inoue K, Shuin T, Utsumi T, Utsumi K, Sasaki J, Ohuchi H. Phytoestrogen Suppresses Efflux of the Diagnostic Marker Protoporphyrin IX in Lung Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1837-46. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang Z, Li Z, Ding X, Shen Z, Liu Z, An T, Duan J, Zhong J, Wu M, Zhao J, Zhuo M, Wang Y, Wang S, Sun Y, Bai H, Wang J. ERβ localization influenced outcomes of EGFR-TKI treatment in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11392. [PMID: 26096604 PMCID: PMC4476037 DOI: 10.1038/srep11392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of estrogen receptorβ (ERβ) localization on epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are unknown. First, we analyzed the relationship between ERβ localization determined by immunohistochemistry and EGFR-TKI outcomes in 184 patients with advanced NSCLC and found that ERβ expression localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus. The frequency of cytoplasmic ERβ (c-ERβ) and nuclear ERβ (n-ERβ) co-expression was 12% (22/184). C-ERβ and n-ERβ co-expression was correlated with poor median progression-free survival compared to patients without co-expression. In subsequent in vitro experiments, PC9 cells transfected with ERβ isoform1 (ERβ1, strong expression of both c-ERβ and n-ERβ) were more resistant to gefitinib than PC9 cells transfected with ERβ isoform2 or 5 (ERβ2 or ERβ5, strong expression of ERβ in cytoplasm but not nucleus). Resistance was identified due to interactions between ERβ1 and other isoforms, and mediated by activation of non-genomic pathways. Moreover, gefitinib resistance was reversed by a combination treatment with gefitinib and fulvestrant, both in cell lines and in one NSCLC patient. These results suggested that c-ERβ and n-ERβ co-expression was a potential molecular indicator of EGFR-TKI resistance, which might be overcome by combining EGFR-TKI and ER antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosheng Ding
- Department of Oncology, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Shen
- Metabolomics Center, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong An
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchun Duan
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Meina Wu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Minglei Zhuo
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
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Verma MK, Miki Y, Abe K, Suzuki T, Niikawa H, Suzuki S, Kondo T, Sasano H. Intratumoral localization and activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in non-small cell lung cancer: a potent prognostic factor. J Transl Med 2013; 11:167. [PMID: 23837683 PMCID: PMC3724709 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogens were recently demonstrated to be synthesized in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) via aromatase activity and aromatase inhibitor (AI) did suppressed estrogen receptor (ER) positive NSCLC growth. However, other enzymes involved in intratumoral production and metabolism of estrogens, i.e. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (i.e. 17βHSD1 and 17βHSD2) and others have not been studied. Therefore, in this study, we examined the clinical/ biological significance of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in NSCLCs. METHODOLOGY Archival materials obtained from 103 NSCLC patients were immunohistochemically evaluated using anti-17βHSD1 and anti-17βHSD2 antibodies. The findings of immunohistochemistry were then correlated with intratumoral estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) concentration, clinicopathological factors and overall survival of the patients. We further employed NSCLC cell lines, A549 and LK87 to study the functional significance of 17βHSD1, in vitro. RESULTS A higher 17βHSD1 immunoreactivity tended to be positively associated with aromatase (p=0.057) and tumor stage (p=0.055) whereas a higher 17βHSD2 immunoreactivity was positively associated with a squamous cell and adenosquamous cell carcinomas subtypes (p=0.031), tumor stage (p=0.004), T factor of TNM classification (p=0.010), maximum tumor diameter (p=0.002) and tended to be associated with N factor of TMN classification (p=0.065). A higher 17βHSD1 immunoreactivity was also significantly associated with lower intratumoral E1 concentration (p=0.040) and a higher intratumoral E2/E1 concentration ratio (p=0.028). On the other hand a higher 17βHSD2 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with higher intratumoral E1 concentration (p=0.035). Results of multivariate regression analysis demonstrated an increased 17βHSD1 immunoreactivity in tumor cells as an independent negative prognostic factor (HR= 2.83, p=0.007). E1 treatment in 17βHSD1 positive NSCLC cells, A549 and LK87, resulted in E2 production (p<0.0001) and enhanced cell proliferation, which was abrogated effectively by 17βHSD1 siRNA knockdown (p<0.0001). In addition, aromatase inhibitor treatment resulted in 17βHSD1 up regulation in both A549 and LK87 cells. CONCLUSION Results of our present study suggest that 17βHSD1 may be considered an important prognostic factor in NSCLC patients and targeting 17βHSD1 activity may further improve the clinical response in estrogen responsive NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit K Verma
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Gan L, He J, Zhang X, Zhang YJ, Yu GZ, Chen Y, Pan J, Wang JJ, Wang X. Expression profile and prognostic role of sex hormone receptors in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2012. [PMID: 23199240 PMCID: PMC3517759 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing interest has been devoted to the expression and possible role of sex hormone receptors in gastric cancer, but most of these findings are controversial. In the present study, the expression profile of sex hormone receptors in gastric cancer and their clinicopathological and prognostic value were determined in a large Chinese cohort. Methods The mRNA and protein expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor (AR) in primary gastric tumors and corresponding adjacent normal tissues from 60 and 866 Chinese gastric cancer patients was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry method, respectively. The expression profile of the four receptors was compared and their associations with clinicopathological characteristics were assessed by using Chi-square test. The prognostic value of the four receptors in gastric cancer was evaluated by using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results The presence of ERα, ERβ, PR, and AR in both gastric tumors and normal tissues was confirmed but their expression levels were extremely low except for the predominance of ERβ. The four receptors were expressed independently and showed a decreased expression pattern in gastric tumors compared to adjacent normal tissues. The positive expression of the four receptors all correlated with high tumor grade and intestinal type, and ERα and AR were also associated with early TNM stage and thereby a favorable outcome. However, ERα and AR were not independent prognostic factors for gastric cancer when multivariate survival analysis was performed. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the sex hormone receptors may be partly involved in gastric carcinogenesis but their clinicopathological and prognostic significance in gastric cancer appears to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- Department of Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Kazmi N, Márquez-Garbán DC, Aivazyan L, Hamilton N, Garon EB, Goodglick L, Pietras RJ. The role of estrogen, progesterone and aromatase in human non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer Manag 2012; 1:259-272. [PMID: 23650476 DOI: 10.2217/lmt.12.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, patients have few effective therapeutic options and survival rates remain low. Emerging evidence suggests that the hormones estrogen and progesterone play a key role in the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aromatase enzyme, which is responsible for a key step in estrogen biosynthesis, elicits higher levels of estrogen in lung tumors as well as in metastases compared with nonmalignant tissues. Thus, aromatase may prove to be a key predictive biomarker for treatment of NSCLC. Epidemiologic and preclinical data show estrogens play a critical role in lung tumor development and progression. Two estrogen receptors, α and β, are expressed in normal and in cancerous lung epithelium, and estrogen promotes gene transcription that stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits cell death. Furthermore, expression of both forms of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and aromatase in NSCLC specimens has been correlated with worse clinical outcomes. Combination therapies that include estrogen receptor downregulators and aromatase inhibitors are currently being assessed in Phase I-II clinical trials among patients with advanced NSCLC. Results will help guide future lung cancer management decisions, with a goal of achieving more effective and less toxic treatments for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiyah Kazmi
- UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Factor Building 11-934, 700 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-16781, USA
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Verma MK, Miki Y, Abe K, Nagasaki S, Niikawa H, Suzuki S, Kondo T, Sasano H. Co-expression of estrogen receptor beta and aromatase in Japanese lung cancer patients: Gender-dependent clinical outcome. Life Sci 2012; 91:800-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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