1
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Meraviglia V, Alcalde M, Campuzano O, Bellin M. Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Secondary Event or Active Driver? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:784715. [PMID: 34988129 PMCID: PMC8720743 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.784715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a rare inherited cardiac disease characterized by arrhythmia and progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the myocardium, which leads to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Inflammation contributes to disease progression, and it is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltrates in the damaged myocardium and inflammatory mediators in the blood of ACM patients. However, the molecular basis of inflammatory process in ACM remains under investigated and it is unclear whether inflammation is a primary event leading to arrhythmia and myocardial damage or it is a secondary response triggered by cardiomyocyte death. Here, we provide an overview of the proposed players and triggers involved in inflammation in ACM, focusing on those studied using in vivo and in vitro models. Deepening current knowledge of inflammation-related mechanisms in ACM could help identifying novel therapeutic perspectives, such as anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mireia Alcalde
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IdIBGi, Girona, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IdIBGi, Girona, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
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2
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Ng KE, Delaney PJ, Thenet D, Murtough S, Webb CM, Zaman N, Tsisanova E, Mastroianni G, Walker SLM, Westaby JD, Pennington DJ, Pink R, Kelsell DP, Tinker A. Early inflammation precedes cardiac fibrosis and heart failure in desmoglein 2 murine model of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:79-98. [PMID: 34236518 PMCID: PMC8526453 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study of a desmoglein 2 murine model of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy revealed cardiac inflammation as a key early event leading to fibrosis. Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is an inherited heart muscle disorder leading to ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure due to abnormalities in the cardiac desmosome. We examined how loss of desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) in the young murine heart leads to development of AC. Apoptosis was an early cellular phenotype, and RNA sequencing analysis revealed early activation of inflammatory-associated pathways in Dsg2-null (Dsg2-/-) hearts at postnatal day 14 (2 weeks) that were absent in the fibrotic heart of adult mice (10 weeks). This included upregulation of iRhom2/ADAM17 and its associated pro-inflammatory cytokines and receptors such as TNFα, IL6R and IL-6. Furthermore, genes linked to specific macrophage populations were also upregulated. This suggests cardiomyocyte stress triggers an early immune response to clear apoptotic cells allowing tissue remodelling later on in the fibrotic heart. Our analysis at the early disease stage suggests cardiac inflammation is an important response and may be one of the mechanisms responsible for AC disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Ng
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - P J Delaney
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - D Thenet
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - S Murtough
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - C M Webb
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - N Zaman
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - E Tsisanova
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - G Mastroianni
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - S L M Walker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - J D Westaby
- CRY Dept. of Cardiovascular Pathology, Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, Jenner WingCranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - D J Pennington
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - R Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - D P Kelsell
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK.
| | - A Tinker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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3
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Koga H, Teye K, Otsuji Y, Ishii N, Hashimoto T, Nakama T. Autoantibodies to DSC3 in Pemphigus Exclusively Recognize Calcium-Dependent Epitope in Extracellular Domain 2. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2123-2131.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Larina EN, Karasev VS, Shpilevaya MV, Aliev TK, Bochkova OP, Karamova AE, Balabashin DS, Deryabin DG, Bobik TV, Smirnov IV, Kubanov AA, Staroverov SM, Gabibov AG, Kirpichnikov MP. Recombinant Fragment of the Extracellular Domain of Human Desmoglein 3 Fused with the Fc-Fragment of Human IgG1 Selectively Adsorbs Autoreactive Antibodies from the Sera of Pemphigus Patients. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2021; 498:180-183. [PMID: 34189646 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672921030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using the recombinant second fragment of the extracellular domain (EC2) of human desmoglein type 3 (Dsg3) as an affinity ligand, an immunosorbent was obtained that selectively binds autoreactive antibodies to this domain from the immune sera of patients with pemphigus. The EC2 protein was obtained in the form of a fusion protein with the Fc-fragment of human IgG1. The production was carried out in CHO cells using the method of transient expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Larina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - V S Karasev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Shpilevaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T K Aliev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A E Karamova
- State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia
| | - D S Balabashin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - D G Deryabin
- State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Bobik
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Smirnov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kubanov
- State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A G Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M P Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in the Oral Cavity and Its Effect on Lipid Nanocarriers. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051330. [PMID: 34070004 PMCID: PMC8157841 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Topical drug administration to the oral mucosa proves to be a promising treatment alternative for inflammatory diseases. However, disease-related changes in the cell barrier must be considered when developing such delivery systems. This study aimed at investigating the changes in the lining mucosa caused by inflammation and evaluating the consequences on drug delivery systems such as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). For this, TR146 cells were treated with inflammatory cytokines and bacterial components. Cell viability and integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and interleukin (IL)-8 release were used as endpoints to assess inflammation. Translocation of phosphatidylserine, cytoskeletal arrangement, opening of desmosomes, and cell proliferation were examined. Transport studies with NLC were performed considering active and passive pathways. The results showed that IL-1ß and tumor necrosis factor α induced inflammation by increasing IL-8 and ROS production (22-fold and 2-fold). Morphologically, loss of cell–cell connections and formation of stress fibers and hyperplasia were observed. The charge of the cell membrane shifted from neutral to negative, which increased the absorption of NLC due to the repulsive interactions between the hydrophobic negative particles and the cell membrane on the one hand, and interactions with lipophilic membrane proteins such as caveolin on the other.
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6
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Liu M, Zhang J, Wang Y, Xin C, Ma J, Xu S, Wang X, Gao J, Zhang X, Yang S. Non‑invasive proteome‑wide quantification of skin barrier‑related proteins using label‑free LC‑MS/MS analysis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2227-2235. [PMID: 32186761 PMCID: PMC7115193 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of epidermal proteins are closely related to skin barrier function, the abnormalities of which can lead to specific skin diseases. These proteins must be quantified to further investigate the changes in the skin barrier between healthy and disease states. However, the non-invasive and proteome-wide quantification of skin proteins without any labelling steps remains a challenge. In this study, 3M medical adhesive tapes were used to obtain skin samples from volunteers. Proteins were extracted from fresh skin samples and digested with trypsin. Each tryptic peptide was analysed in three replicates using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis and label-free quantification. The data were searched against the Human Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) to match with known proteins. Using this method, 1,157 skin proteins recorded in the UniProt were quantified. A total of 50 identical proteins were identified in the three replicate analyses of all samples with no significant differences in abundance. The results provided an objective metric for further study of skin ageing and various skin diseases. Specifically, the non-invasive proteome-wide method used in this study can be applied to future studies of skin diseases related to barrier destruction by monitoring the changes in the levels of epidermal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yaochi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Cong Xin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Shuangjun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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7
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Chatterjee D, Fatah M, Akdis D, Spears DA, Koopmann TT, Mittal K, Rafiq MA, Cattanach BM, Zhao Q, Healey JS, Ackerman MJ, Bos JM, Sun Y, Maynes JT, Brunckhorst C, Medeiros-Domingo A, Duru F, Saguner AM, Hamilton RM. An autoantibody identifies arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and participates in its pathogenesis. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:3932-3944. [PMID: 30239670 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is characterized by right ventricular myocardial replacement and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Desmosomal gene mutations are sometimes identified, but clinical and genetic diagnosis remains challenging. Desmosomal skin disorders can be caused by desmosomal gene mutations or autoantibodies. We sought to determine if anti-desmosome antibodies are present in subjects with ARVC. Methods and results We evaluated ARVC subjects and controls for antibodies to cardiac desmosomal cadherin proteins. Desmoglein-2 (DSG2), desmocollin-2, and N-cadherin proteins on western blots were exposed to sera, in primary and validation cohorts of subjects and controls, as well as the naturally occurring Boxer dog model of ARVC. We identified anti-DSG2 antibodies in 12/12 and 25/25 definite ARVC cohorts and 7/8 borderline subjects. Antibody was absent in 11/12, faint in 1/12, and absent in 20/20 of two control cohorts. Anti-DSG2 antibodies were present in 10/10 Boxer dogs with ARVC, and absent in 18/18 without. In humans, the level of anti-DSG2 antibodies correlated with the burden of premature ventricular contractions (r = 0.70), and antibodies caused gap junction dysfunction, a common feature of ARVC, in vitro. Anti-DSG2 antibodies were present in ARVC subjects regardless of whether an underlying mutation was identified, or which mutation was present. A disease-specific DSG2 epitope was identified. Conclusion Anti-DSG2 antibodies are a sensitive and specific biomarker for ARVC. The development of autoimmunity as a result of target-related mutations is unique. Anti-DSG2 antibodies likely explain the cardiac inflammation that is frequently identified in ARVC and may represent a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptendu Chatterjee
- The Labatt Family Heart Centre (Department of Pediatrics) and Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children & Research Institute and the University of Toronto, Room 1725D, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meena Fatah
- The Labatt Family Heart Centre (Department of Pediatrics) and Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children & Research Institute and the University of Toronto, Room 1725D, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deniz Akdis
- Zurich ARVC Program, University Heart Centre Zurich Department of Cardiology, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Danna A Spears
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital Electrophysiology Department, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamara T Koopmann
- The Labatt Family Heart Centre (Department of Pediatrics) and Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children & Research Institute and the University of Toronto, Room 1725D, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirti Mittal
- The Labatt Family Heart Centre (Department of Pediatrics) and Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children & Research Institute and the University of Toronto, Room 1725D, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad A Rafiq
- The Labatt Family Heart Centre (Department of Pediatrics) and Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children & Research Institute and the University of Toronto, Room 1725D, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce M Cattanach
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Qili Zhao
- University of Toronto Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Kings College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff S Healey
- Population Health Research Institute and McMaster University Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Johan Martijn Bos
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- University of Toronto Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Kings College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Rosebrugh Building (RS), 164 College Street, Room 40, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason T Maynes
- The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corinna Brunckhorst
- Zurich ARVC Program, University Heart Centre Zurich Department of Cardiology, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Firat Duru
- Zurich ARVC Program, University Heart Centre Zurich Department of Cardiology, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ardan M Saguner
- Zurich ARVC Program, University Heart Centre Zurich Department of Cardiology, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert M Hamilton
- The Labatt Family Heart Centre (Department of Pediatrics) and Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children & Research Institute and the University of Toronto, Room 1725D, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune blistering skin diseases are a group of disorders subdivided according to the location of blister formation: intraepidermal blistering in the pemphigus group and subepidermal in the pemphigoid group. These conditions are clinically heterogeneous and are treated with systemic corticosteroids and/or other forms of immunosuppression on the basis of clinical subtype and disease severity. These approaches may not be effective for the induction and maintenance of clinical response or need to be stopped because of intolerable side effects. AREAS COVERED Biological therapies can represent a valid alternative strategy in various autoimmune blistering disorders and this review article will address this issue with a special focus on pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid. These biological approaches are designed to target B cells, autoantibodies, complement proteins, and several cytokines. EXPERT OPINION Innovative strategies for the treatment of autoimmune blistering conditions primarily depend on the use of drugs with a high degree of specificity targeting crucial steps in the immunopathology of these disorders. Novel biological agents offer treatment alternatives to patients with autoimmune blistering conditions by targeting B cells, pathogenic autoantibodies, complement and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Alaibac
- a Unit of Dermatology , University of Padua , Padua , Italy
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9
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Yang# Y, Yu# J, Esfahani AM, Seiffert-Sinha K, Xi N, Lee I, Sinha AA, Chen L, Sun Z, Yang R, Dong L. Single-cell membrane drug delivery using porous pen nanodeposition. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12704-12712. [PMID: 29946596 PMCID: PMC6528655 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Delivering molecules onto the plasma membrane of single cells is still a challenging task in profiling cell signaling pathways with single cell resolution. We demonstrated that a large quantity of molecules could be targeted and released onto the membrane of individual cells to trigger signaling responses. This is achieved by a porous pen nanodeposition (PPN) method, in which a multilayer porous structure, serving as a reservoir for a large amount of molecules, is formed on an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip using layer-by-layer assembly and post processing. To demonstrate its capability for single cell membrane drug delivery, PPN was employed to induce a calcium flux triggered by the binding of released antibodies to membrane antigens in an autoimmune skin disease model. This calcium signal propagates from the target cell to its neighbors in a matter of seconds, proving the theory of intercellular communication through cell-cell junctions. Collectively, these results demonstrated the effectiveness of PPN in membrane drug delivery for single cells; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first technique that can perform the targeted transport and delivery in single cell resolution, paving the way for probing complex signaling interactions in multicellular settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Yang#
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA,
| | - Jing Yu#
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Amir Monemian Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska -Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | | | - Ning Xi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ilsoon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Animesh A. Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Zhiyong Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska -Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA,
| | - Lixin Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA,
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10
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Bergers LIJC, Reijnders CMA, van den Broek LJ, Spiekstra SW, de Gruijl TD, Weijers EM, Gibbs S. Immune-competent human skin disease models. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1479-1488. [PMID: 27265772 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
All skin diseases have an underlying immune component. Owing to differences in animal and human immunology, the majority of drugs fail in the preclinical or clinical testing phases. Therefore animal alternative methods that incorporate human immunology into in vitro skin disease models are required to move the field forward. This review summarizes the progress, using examples from fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, psoriasis, cancer and contact allergy. The emphasis is on co-cultures and 3D organotypic models. Our conclusion is that current models are inadequate and future developments with immune-competent skin-on-chip models based on induced pluripotent stem cells could provide a next generation of skin models for drug discovery and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sander W Spiekstra
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M Weijers
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Stahley SN, Warren MF, Feldman RJ, Swerlick RA, Mattheyses AL, Kowalczyk AP. Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals Altered Desmosomal Protein Organization in Tissue from Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:59-66. [PMID: 26763424 PMCID: PMC4730957 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune epidermal blistering disease in which autoantibodies (IgG) are directed against the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 3 (Dsg3). In order to better understand how PV IgG alters desmosome morphology and function in vivo, PV patient biopsies were analyzed by structured illumination microscopy (SIM), a form of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. In patient tissue, desmosomal proteins were aberrantly clustered and localized to PV IgG-containing endocytic linear arrays. Patient IgG also colocalized with markers for lipid rafts and endosomes. Additionally, steady-state levels of Dsg3 were decreased and desmosomes were reduced in size in patient tissue. Desmosomes at blister sites were occasionally split, with PV IgG decorating the extracellular faces of split desmosomes. Desmosome splitting was recapitulated in vitro by exposing cultured keratinocytes both to PV IgG and to mechanical stress, demonstrating that splitting at the blister interface in patient tissue is due to compromised desmosomal adhesive function. These findings indicate that Dsg3 clustering and endocytosis are associated with reduced desmosome size and adhesion defects in PV patient tissue. Further, this study reveals that super-resolution optical imaging is powerful approach for studying epidermal adhesion structures in normal and diseased skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Stahley
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maxine F Warren
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ron J Feldman
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert A Swerlick
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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12
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Kubanov AA, Karamova AE, Rog KV, Abramova TV, Smolyannikova VA, Murashev AN, Bondarenko DA. Development of an experimental model of pemphigus vulgaris in laboratory animals. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2015. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-4-76-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris is a chronic autoimmune bullous disease characterized by the formation of blisters on the skin and/ or mucous tunics as a result of acantholysis. To search for new molecular and biological targets, study pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease development and develop new methods of treatment, it is urgent to create an experimental model of pemphigus in laboratory animals reproducing clinical, histological and immunological signs of pemphigus. Goal of the study. To develop an experimental model of pemphigus by injecting IgG produced from the blood serum taken from patients with pemphigus to neonatal mice of the BALB/c inbred line. Results. Accumulated IgG products taken from patients with pemphigus (main groups) and healthy volunteers (control group) were injected intraperitoneally to neonatal mice of the BALB/с in the doses of 10-30 mg per mouse. Clinical, histological and immunomorphological signs of pemphigus were revealed in the mice from the main group, which received intraperitoneal injections of IgG taken from patients with pemphigus in the dose of 30 mg per mouse. No signs of pemphigus were observed in the mice from the control group, which received injections of IgG taken from healthy people. This study confirms the role of pemphigus autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris and shows that passive transmission of antibodies to laboratory animals is possible.
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Hoover H, Li J, Marchese J, Rothwell C, Borawoski J, Jeffery DA, Gaither LA, Finkel N. Quantitative Proteomic Verification of Membrane Proteins as Potential Therapeutic Targets Located in the 11q13 Amplicon in Cancers. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3670-9. [PMID: 26151158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor types can be defined cytologically by their regions of chromosomal amplification, which often results in the high expression of both mRNA and proteins of certain genes contained within the amplicon. An important strategy for defining therapeutically relevant targets in these situations is to ascertain which genes are amplified at the protein level and, concomitantly, are key drivers for tumor growth or maintenance. Furthermore, so-called passenger genes that are amplified with driver genes and a manifest on the cell surface can be attractive targets for an antibody-drug conjugate approach (ADC). We employed a tandem mass spectrometry proteomics approach using tumor cell lines to identify the cell surface proteins whose expression correlates with the 11q13 amplicon. The 11q13 amplicon is one of the most frequently amplified chromosomal regions in human cancer, being present in 45% of head and neck and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 13-21% of breast and liver carcinomas. Using a panel of tumor cell lines with defined 11q13 genomic amplification, we identified the membrane proteins that are differentially expressed in an 11q13 amplified cell line panel using membrane-enriched proteomic profiling. We found that DSG3, CD109, and CD14 were differentially overexpressed in head and neck and breast tumor cells with 11q13 amplification. The level of protein expression of each gene was confirmed by Western blot and FACS analysis. Because proteins with high cell surface expression on selected tumor cells could be potential antibody drug conjugate targets, we tested DSG3 and CD109 in antibody piggyback assays and validated that DSG3 and CD109 expression was sufficient to induce antibody internalization and cell killing in 11q13-amplified cell lines. Our results suggest that proteomic profiling using genetically stratified tumors can identify candidate antibody drug conjugate targets. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD002486.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Hoover
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason Marchese
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher Rothwell
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason Borawoski
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Douglas A Jeffery
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - L Alex Gaither
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nancy Finkel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Abstract
Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions that mediate adhesion and couple the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to sites of cell-cell contact. This architectural arrangement integrates adhesion and cytoskeletal elements of adjacent cells. The importance of this robust adhesion system is evident in numerous human diseases, both inherited and acquired, which occur when desmosome function is compromised. This review focuses on autoimmune and infectious diseases that impair desmosome function. In addition, we discuss emerging evidence that desmosomal genes are often misregulated in cancer. The emphasis of our discussion is placed on the way in which human diseases can inform our understanding of basic desmosome biology and in turn, the means by which fundamental advances in the cell biology of desmosomes might lead to new treatments for acquired diseases of the desmosome.
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Li X, Ishii N, Ohata C, Furumura M, Hashimoto T. Signalling pathways in pemphigus vulgaris. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:155-6. [PMID: 24387643 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acantholysis in pemphigus vulgaris is induced by binding of autoantibodies to desmoglein 3 (Dsg3). The roles of signalling pathways on development of acantholysis have recently been extensively studied. In the study by Sayar et al., recently published in Exp Dermatol, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling was activated in both in vivo and in vitro pemphigus vulgaris experimental models. However, while EGFR inhibitors suppressed activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) linearly, they suppressed activity of c-Myc and acantholysis in a non-linear, V-shaped relationship. These findings indicated complicated interactions among EGFR, p38MAPK and c-Myc in pemphigus vulgaris pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kubanov AA, Abramova TV. Current methods of treatment of true acantholytic pemphigus. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2014. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2014-90-4-19-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Major stages of the pathogenesis of true acantholytic pemphigus are interpreted in terms of autoimmune pathology; therefore, treatment of this group of diseases remains pathogenetic and is aimed at suppressing the synthesis of autoantibodies against keratinocyte proteins. Treatment with the use of systemic glucocorticosteroids is currently the main method of treatment for true acantholytic pemphigus. To reduce the course dose of glucocorticosteroids, decrease the risk of adverse effect development and achieve long-term remission, further studies of disease pathogenesis and development of new treatment methods for reducing the doses of glucocorticosteroids are of great importance.
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Beyond expectations: novel insights into epidermal keratin function and regulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 311:265-306. [PMID: 24952920 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800179-0.00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is a stratified epithelium that relies on its cytoskeleton and cell junctions to protect the body against mechanical injury, dehydration, and infections. Keratin intermediate filament proteins are involved in many of these functions by forming cell-specific cytoskeletal scaffolds crucial for the maintenance of cell and tissue integrity. In response to various stresses, the expression and organization of keratins are altered at transcriptional and posttranslational levels to restore tissue homeostasis. Failure to restore tissue homeostasis in the presence of keratin gene mutations results in acute and chronic skin disorders for which currently no rational therapies are available. Here, we review the recent progress on the role of keratins in cytoarchitecture, adhesion, signaling, and inflammation. By focusing on epidermal keratins, we illustrate the contribution of keratin isotypes to differentiated epithelial functions.
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