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Vicente ATS, Salvador JAR. PROteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) in leukemia: overview and future perspectives. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e575. [PMID: 38845697 PMCID: PMC11154823 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of life-threatening malignant disorders of the hematopoietic system. Immunotherapy, radiotherapy, stem cell transplantation, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy are among the approved leukemia treatments. Unfortunately, therapeutic resistance, side effects, relapses, and long-term sequelae occur in a significant proportion of patients and severely compromise the treatment efficacy. The development of novel approaches to improve outcomes is therefore an unmet need. Recently, novel leukemia drug discovery strategies, including targeted protein degradation, have shown potential to advance the field of personalized medicine for leukemia patients. Specifically, PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are revolutionary compounds that allow the selective degradation of a protein by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Developed against a wide range of cancer targets, they show promising potential in overcoming many of the drawbacks associated with conventional therapies. Following the exponential growth of antileukemic PROTACs, this article reviews PROTAC-mediated degradation of leukemia-associated targets. Chemical structures, in vitro and in vivo activities, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical trials of PROTACs are critically discussed. Furthermore, advantages, challenges, and future perspectives of PROTACs in leukemia are covered, in order to understand the potential that these novel compounds may have as future drugs for leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- André T. S. Vicente
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
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Örnek S, Ozekinci S, Ipin T, Kocaturk E. TOX, TWIST1, STAT4, and SATB1 protein expressions in early-stage mycosis fungoides. J Cutan Pathol 2024; 51:232-238. [PMID: 37932931 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of early mycosis fungoides (eMF) is challenging and often delayed as many of its clinical and histopathologic features may mimic various benign inflammatory dermatoses (BIDs). The products of the thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box (TOX), twist family BHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4), and special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1) genes function as transcription factors and are involved in the pathogenesis of MF. OBJECTIVES We aim to determine the diagnostic value of TOX, TWIST1, STAT4, and SATB1 protein expressions in eMF. METHODS This non-randomized, controlled, prospective analytic study was conducted by performing immunohistochemistry staining with TOX, TWIST1, STAT4, and SATB1 polyclonal antibodies in lesional skin biopsies of eMF and BID patients. Nuclear staining of lymphocytes was compared between eMF and BIDs, and the capacity of these antibodies to predict eMF was determined. RESULTS Immunostainings with anti-TWIST1 showed an increase in protein expression (p = 0.003) and showed a decrease with anti-SATB1 antibodies in eMF compared to BIDs (p = 0.005) while anti-TOX and anti-STAT4 antibodies did not exhibit significant differences (p = 0.384; p = 0.150). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that immunohistochemical evaluations of TWIST1 and SATB1 protein expressions can differentiate eMF (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.728, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.605-0.851, p = 0.002; AUC: 0.686, 95% CI: 0.565-0.807, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS TWIST1 and SATB1 are potential diagnostic markers for the histologic diagnosis of eMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Örnek
- Department of Dermatology, Health Sciences University Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selver Ozekinci
- Department of Pathology, Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Tugba Ipin
- Department of Pathology, Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emek Kocaturk
- Department of Dermatology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Khan F, Pandey P, Verma M, Upadhyay TK. Terpenoid-Mediated Targeting of STAT3 Signaling in Cancer: An Overview of Preclinical Studies. Biomolecules 2024; 14:200. [PMID: 38397437 PMCID: PMC10886526 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the most multifaceted and widespread illnesses affecting human health, causing substantial mortality at an alarming rate. After cardiovascular problems, the condition has a high occurrence rate and ranks second in terms of mortality. The development of new drugs has been facilitated by increased research and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind the emergence and advancement of the disease. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have repeatedly demonstrated the protective effects of natural terpenoids against a range of malignancies. Numerous potential bioactive terpenoids have been investigated in natural sources for their chemopreventive and chemoprotective properties. In practically all body cells, the signaling molecule referred to as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is widely expressed. Numerous studies have demonstrated that STAT3 regulates its downstream target genes, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cyclin D1, c-Myc, and survivin, to promote the growth of cells, differentiation, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and immune suppression in addition to chemotherapy resistance. Researchers viewed STAT3 as a primary target for cancer therapy because of its crucial involvement in cancer formation. This therapy primarily focuses on directly and indirectly preventing the expression of STAT3 in tumor cells. By explicitly targeting STAT3 in both in vitro and in vivo settings, it has been possible to explain the protective effect of terpenoids against malignant cells. In this study, we provide a complete overview of STAT3 signal transduction processes, the involvement of STAT3 in carcinogenesis, and mechanisms related to STAT3 persistent activation. The article also thoroughly summarizes the inhibition of STAT3 signaling by certain terpenoid phytochemicals, which have demonstrated strong efficacy in several preclinical cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Khan
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India;
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India;
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Zhao R, Hu Z, Zhang X, Huang S, Yu G, Wu Z, Yu W, Lu J, Ruan B. The oncogenic mechanisms of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in digestive tract tumors. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:68. [PMID: 38273295 PMCID: PMC10809652 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Digestive tract tumors are heterogeneous and involve the dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway plays a notable role in the oncogenesis of digestive tract tumors. Typically activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, it regulates important biological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immune responses, and inflammation. The aberrant activation of this pathway manifests in different forms, including mutations in JAKs, overexpression of cytokine receptors, and sustained STAT activation, and contributes to promoting the malignant characteristics of cancer cells, including uncontrolled proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, enhanced invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, acquisition of stem-like properties, and drug resistance. Numerous studies have shown that aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway is closely related to the development and progression of digestive tract tumors, contributing to tumor survival, angiogenesis, changes in the tumor microenvironment, and even immune escape processes. In addition, this signaling pathway also affects the sensitivity of digestive tract tumors to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively understand the oncogenic mechanisms underlying the JAK-STAT pathway in order to develop effective therapeutic strategies against digestive tract tumors. Currently, several JAK-STAT inhibitors are undergoing clinical and preclinical trials as potential treatments for various human diseases. However, further investigation is required to determine the role of this pathway, as well as the effectiveness and safety of its inhibitors, especially in the context of digestive tract tumors. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure, classic activation, and negative regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Furthermore, we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of JAK-STAT signaling in different digestive tract tumors, with the aim of identifying potential novel therapeutic targets. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Zhangmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Guodong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Bing Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
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Hashemi M, Abbaszadeh S, Rashidi M, Amini N, Talebi Anaraki K, Motahhary M, Khalilipouya E, Harif Nashtifani A, Shafiei S, Ramezani Farani M, Nabavi N, Salimimoghadam S, Aref AR, Raesi R, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Zha W. STAT3 as a newly emerging target in colorectal cancer therapy: Tumorigenesis, therapy response, and pharmacological/nanoplatform strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116458. [PMID: 37348629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most aggressive tumor globally, and it can be categorized into two forms: colitis-mediated CRC and sporadic CRC. The therapeutic approaches for CRC encompass surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, even with the implementation of these techniques, the 5-year survival rate for metastatic CRC remains at a mere 12-14%. In the realm of CRC treatment, gene therapy has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach. Among the crucial molecular pathways that govern tumorigenesis, STAT3 plays a significant role. This pathway is subject to regulation by cytokines and growth factors. Once translocated into the nucleus, STAT3 influences the expression levels of factors associated with cell proliferation and metastasis. Literature suggests that the upregulation of STAT3 expression is observed as CRC cells progress towards metastatic stages. Consequently, elevated STAT3 levels serve as a significant determinant of poor prognosis and can be utilized as a diagnostic factor for cancer patients. The biological and malignant characteristics of CRC cells contribute to low survival rates in patients, as the upregulation of STAT3 prevents apoptosis and promotes pro-survival autophagy, thereby accelerating tumorigenesis. Furthermore, STAT3 plays a role in facilitating the proliferation of CRC cells through the stimulation of glycolysis and promoting metastasis via the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Notably, an intriguing observation is that the upregulation of STAT3 can mediate resistance to 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and other anti-cancer drugs. Moreover, the radio-sensitivity of CRC diminishes with increased STAT3 expression. Compounds such as curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, and other anti-tumor agents exhibit the ability to suppress STAT3 and its associated pathways, thereby impeding tumorigenesis in CRC. Furthermore, it is worth noting that nanostructures have demonstrated anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic properties in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Abbaszadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nafisesadat Amini
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | | - Ensi Khalilipouya
- Department of Radiology, Mahdiyeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sasan Shafiei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Wenliang Zha
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
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Li L, Li M, Jia Q. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Key immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154711. [PMID: 37494802 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) mainly exists in tumor microenvironment (TME) and interferes with normal immune response of the body. These immature differentiated cells cooperate with tumor cells for immune escape and proliferation. The subtypes of MDSC are different in different organisms, and STAT become a high priority for the signaling pathway mediating the regulation of MDSC. The surface of MDSC cell population contains a variety of signal molecular receptors, and its differentiation degree is toilless to be chemotaxis by different factors. The role of MDSC in silencing T cells and promoting regulatory T cells (Treg) is particularly significant. This review mainly contains the origin of MDSC, the characteristics of subgroups, the focus of the study on MDSC heat molecules and signaling pathways, the relationship between MDSC and carcinoma, prognosis and hope to propose an overview of current MDSCs- targeting therapies so as to provide new ideas for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qingge Jia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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Tao Y, Li W, Yang J, Xue T, Wang Y, Dong X, Xu H, Ren J, Lu J. Exploring underlying mechanism of artesunate in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03125-5. [PMID: 36952106 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematological cancer. The current diagnosis and therapy model of AML has gradually shifted to personalization and accuracy. Artesunate, a member of the artemisinin family, has anti-tumor impacts on AML. This research uses network pharmacology and molecular docking to anticipate artesunate potential mechanisms of action in the therapy of AML. METHODS Screening the action targets of artesunate through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), PubChem, and Swiss Target Prediction databases; The databases of Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Disgenet, GeneCards, and Drugbank were utilized to identify target genes of AML, and an effective target of artesunate for AML treatment was obtained through cross-analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks are built on the Cytoscape platform. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted on the relevant targets using R software. Finally, using molecular docking technology and Pymol, we performed verification of the effects of active components and essential targets. RESULTS Artesunate 30 effective targets for treating AML include CASP3, EGFR, MAPK1, and STAT3, four targeted genes that may have a crucial function in disease management. The virus infection-related pathway (HeptatisB (HBV), Human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and etc.), FoxO, viral carcinogenesis, and proteoglycans in cancer signaling pathways have all been hypothesized to be involved in the action mechanism of GO, which is enriched in 2044 biological processes, 125 molecular functions, 209 cellular components, and 106 KEGG pathways. Molecular docking findings revealed that artesunate was critically important in the therapy of AML due to its high affinity for the four primary disease targets. Molecular docking with a low binding energy yields helpful information for developing medicines against AML. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, artesunate may play a role in multi-targeted, multi-signaling pathways in treating AML, suggesting that artesunate may have therapeutic potential for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Tao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhang Li
- Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Affiliated Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianying Yang
- Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Affiliated Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Xue
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlu Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Dong
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Ren
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Selvaraj C, Ramalingam KR, Velmurugan D, Singh SK. Transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and signaling networks in cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:1-20. [PMID: 36858731 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a general term that refers to a wide range of illnesses that are characterized by the development of aberrant cells that have the capacity to divide uncontrollably, invade, and harm healthy tissue. It is caused by both genetic and epigenetic changes that suppress abnormal proliferation and prevent cells from surviving outside of their normal niches. Complex protein networks are responsible for the development of a suitable environment via multiple cells signaling pathways. The study of these pathways is essential for analysing network context and developing novel cancer therapies. Transcription factors (TFs) are actively involved in gene expression and maintain the combinatorial on-and-off states of the gene. In addition, the TFs regulate cell identity and state; these TFs cooperate to establish cell-type-specific gene expression. In this chapter, we describe the number of transcription factors and their role in the progression of cancer. The knowledge of transcriptional factors and their network is crucial for emphasizing the specific transcriptional addiction and for designing new anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Karthik Raja Ramalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, Division of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devadasan Velmurugan
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Association of the STAT4 Gene rs7574865 Polymorphism with IFN-γ Levels in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030537. [PMID: 36980810 PMCID: PMC10048585 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT4 plays an important role in disease activity in SLE patients. STAT4 particles have the capacity to activate the transcription of genes associated with the production of TH1 and Th17 lymphocytes, with a greater predominance on the production of IFN-γ and IL-17A. The presence of variants in STAT4 genes has a major impact on the generation of autoimmunity. However, there are few studies evaluating the impact of these variants on the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17A. Methods—A case–control study was carried out with 206 Mexican mestizo patients residing in Western Mexico with a diagnosis of SLE and a group of 80 patients without autoimmune diseases was captured to determine the cut-off point for high IFN-γ levels. In this study, SLE patients with high IFN-γ levels were considered as cases (cut-off > 15.6 pg/mL), and SLE patients with normal IFN-γ levels were considered as controls (cut-off ≤ 15.6 pg/mL). Disease activity was identified from the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI). For the determination of levels of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL17A, commercial ELISA kits were used. Genotyping of STAT4 rs7574865 (G > T) was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using TaqMan probes. Results—The patients with SLE had a median age of 45 years with a range of disease duration from 4 years to 18 years; 45.6% were identified as having disease activity. In this sample, we identified a high IFN-γ prevalence of 35.4%. The levels of IFN-γ were higher in the patients with genotype TT than GG. We found that TT genotype conferred a higher risk of high IFN-γ when compared to the GG and GT genotypes. Conclusions—In this study, we identified that the polymorphic genotype TT of the STAT4 gene rs7574865 polymorphism is associated with increased levels of IFN-γ. However, its strength of association was weak, so complementary studies are needed to evaluate its impact on SLE patients.
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Zalewski A, Szepietowski JC. Topical and systemic JAK inhibitors in hand eczema - a narrative review. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:365-373. [PMID: 36708316 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2174526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hand eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by significant prevalence and impact on patients' Quality of Life (QoL). Because of its complex and diverse clinical picture, HE management requires patient-specific treatment which may constitute a challenge. First described in the 1990s, Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK inhibitors) state a group of modern therapeuticals, which exhibit good bioavailability and are well tolerated by patients in both - topical and systemic - routes of administration. They are an immunomodulating small molecules, impacting JAKs' enzymatic activity. AREAS COVERED This review provides a summary of available data concerning JAK inhibitors' use in HE patients, regarding also clinical trials for the HE treatment. EXPERT OPINION Recent studies are introducing JAK inhibitors as an alternative for other topical and systemic therapies in HE patients. Treatment targeting specific immune pathways enables precise management and extends range of potential therapeutic options. Despite early promising results, future studies need to evaluate JAK inhibitors' safety, potential risks and benefits resulting from the treatment, as well as impact of the therapy on patients' QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Zalewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
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The Role of the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: New Potential Treatment Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010864. [PMID: 36614305 PMCID: PMC9821184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. However, emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation, mediated notably by activated neuroglial cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, understanding the interplay between the nervous and immune systems might be the key to the prevention or delay of Alzheimer's disease progression. One of the most important mechanisms determining gliogenic cell fate is the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway that is influenced by the overactivation of microglia and astrocytes. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is one of the critical factors that promote neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease by initiating innate immunity, orchestrating adaptive immune mechanisms, and finally, constraining neuroinflammatory response. Since a chronic neuroinflammatory environment in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, understanding the process would allow establishing the underlying role of neuroinflammation, then estimating the prognosis of Alzheimer's disease development and finding a new potential treatment target. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the potential role of JAK/STAT signaling in neurological diseases with a focus on discussing future research directions regarding novel therapeutic approaches and predictive biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.
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Zhu Y, Yue P, Dickinson CF, Yang JK, Datanagan K, Zhai N, Zhang Y, Miklossy G, Lopez-Tapia F, Tius MA, Turkson J. Natural product preferentially targets redox and metabolic adaptations and aberrantly active STAT3 to inhibit breast tumor growth in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1022. [PMID: 36473850 PMCID: PMC9726930 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated gene expression programs and redox and metabolic adaptations allow cancer cells to survive under high oxidative burden. These mechanisms also represent therapeutic vulnerabilities. Using triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) as a model, we show that compared to normal human breast epithelial cells, the TNBC cells, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 that harbor constitutively active STAT3 also express higher glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)1, NADPH, and GSH levels for survival. Present studies discover that the natural product, R001, targets these adaptation mechanisms. Treatment of TNBC cells with R001 inhibited constitutively active STAT3, STAT3-regulated gene expression, and the functions of G6PD and TrxR1. Consequently, in the TNBC, but not normal cells, R001 suppressed GSH levels, but raised NADPH levels, reflective of a loss of mitochondrial respiration and which led to reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, all of which led to loss of viable cells and inhibition of anchorage-dependent and independent growth. R001 treatment further led to early pyroptosis and late DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis only in the TNBC cells. Oral administration of 5 mg/kg R001 inhibited MDA-MB-468 xenografts growth in mice, with reduced pY705-STAT3, G6PD, TrxR1, and GSH levels. R001 serves as a therapeutic entity that targets the vulnerabilities of TNBC cells to inhibit tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinsong Zhu
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA ,grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Peibin Yue
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA ,grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Cody F. Dickinson
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA
| | - Justin K. Yang
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA
| | - Kyrstin Datanagan
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA
| | - Ning Zhai
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA ,grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Biobank and Research Pathology Resource, Academic Affairs and Research Administration, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Gabriella Miklossy
- grid.516097.c0000 0001 0311 6891Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Francisco Lopez-Tapia
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA ,grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Marcus A. Tius
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA ,grid.516097.c0000 0001 0311 6891Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - James Turkson
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA ,grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
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A Simulation Analysis and Screening of Deleterious Nonsynonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in Sheep LEP Gene. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7736485. [PMID: 35978633 PMCID: PMC9377880 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7736485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a polypeptide hormone produced in the adipose tissue and governs many processes in the body. Recently, polymorphisms in the LEP gene revealed a significant change in body weight regulation, energy balance, food intake, and reproductive hormone secretion. This study considers its crucial role in the regulation of the economically important traits of sheep. Several computational tools, including SIFT, Predict SNP2, SNAP2, and PROVEAN, have been used to screen out the deleterious nsSNPs. Following the screening of 11 nsSNPs in the sheep genome, 5 nsSNPs, T86M (C → T), D98N (G → A), N136T (A → C), R142Q (G → A), and P157Q (C → A), were predicted to have a significant deleterious effect on the LEP protein function, leading to phenotypic difference. The analysis of proteins’ stability change due to amino acid substitution using the I-stable, SDM, and DynaMut consistently confirmed that three nsSNPs (T86M (C → T), D98N (G → A), and P157Q (C → A)) increased protein stability. It is suggested that these three nsSNPs may enhance the evolvability of LEP protein, which is vital for the evolutionary adaptation of sheep. Our findings demonstrate that the five nsSNPs reported in this study might be responsible for sheep’s structural and functional modifications of LEP protein. This is the first comprehensive report on the sheep LEP gene. It narrow downs the candidate nsSNPs for in vitro experiments to facilitate the development of reliable molecular markers for associated traits.
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STAT signaling as a target for intervention: from cancer inflammation and angiogenesis to non-coding RNAs modulation. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8987-8999. [PMID: 35474053 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07399-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a landmark, scientific investigation in cytokine signaling and interferon-related anti-viral activity, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of proteins was first discovered in the 1990s. Today, we know that the STAT family consists of several transcription factors which regulate various molecular and cellular processes, including proliferation, angiogenesis, and differentiation in human carcinoma. STAT family members play an active role in transducing signals from cell membrane to nucleus through intracellular signaling and thus activating gene transcription. Additionally, they are also associated with the development and progression of human cancer by facilitating inflammation, cell survival, and resistance to therapeutic responses. Accumulating evidence suggests that not all STAT proteins are associated with the progression of human malignancy; however, STAT3/5 are constitutively activated in various cancers, including multiple myeloma, lymphoma, breast cancer, prostate hepatocellular carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. The present review highlights how STAT-associated events are implicated in cancer inflammation, angiogenesis and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) modulation to highlight potential intervention into carcinogenesis-related cellular processes.
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Transcription Factors Leading to High Expression of Neuropeptide L1CAM in Brain Metastases from Lung Adenocarcinoma and Clinical Prognostic Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2021:8585633. [PMID: 35003395 PMCID: PMC8739529 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8585633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background There is a lack of understanding of the development of metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study is aimed at exploring the upstream regulatory transcription factors of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) and to construct a prognostic model to predict the risk of brain metastasis in LUAD. Methods Differences in gene expression between LUAD and brain metastatic LUAD were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The GRNdb (http://www.grndb.com) was used to reveal the upstream regulatory transcription factors of L1CAM in LUAD. Single-cell expression profile data (GSE131907) were obtained from the transcriptome data of 10 metastatic brain tissue samples. LUAD prognostic nomogram prediction models were constructed based on the identified significant transcription factors and L1CAM. Results Survival analysis suggested that high L1CAM expression was negatively significantly associated with overall survival, disease-specific survival, and prognosis in the progression-free interval (p < 0.05). The box plot indicates that high expression of L1CAM was associated with distant metastases in LUAD, while ROC curves suggested that high expression of L1CAM was associated with poor prognosis. FOSL2, HOXA9, IRF4, IKZF1, STAT1, FLI1, ETS1, E2F7, and ADARB1 are potential upstream transcriptional regulators of L1CAM. Single-cell data analysis revealed that the expression of L1CAM was found significantly and positively correlated with the expression of ETS1, FOSL2, and STAT1 in brain metastases. L1CAM, ETS1, FOSL2, and STAT1 were used to construct the LUAD prognostic nomogram prediction model, and the ROC curves suggest that the constructed nomogram possesses good predictive power. Conclusion By bioinformatics methods, ETS1, FOSL2, and STAT1 were identified as potential transcriptional regulators of L1CAM in this study. This will help to facilitate the early identification of patients at high risk of metastasis.
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Luo F, Lu FT, Qiu MZ, Zhou T, Ma WJ, Luo M, Zeng KM, Luo QY, Pan WT, Zhang L, Xia ZF, Zhang ZH, Cao JX, Zhao HY, Zhang L, Yang DJ. Gemcitabine and APG-1252, a novel small molecule inhibitor of BCL-2/BCL-XL, display a synergistic antitumor effect in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through the JAK-2/STAT3/MCL-1 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:772. [PMID: 34354046 PMCID: PMC8342713 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a poor prognosis, with an unfavorable response to palliative chemotherapy. Unfortunately, there are few effective therapeutic regimens. Therefore, we require novel treatment strategies with enhanced efficacy. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor efficacy of APG-1252-M1, a dual inhibitor of BCL-2/BCL-XL, as a single agent and combined with gemcitabine. We applied various apoptotic assays and used subcutaneous transplanted NPC model to assess the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. Moreover, phospho-tyrosine kinase array was used to investigate the combined therapy’s potential synergistic mechanism. In addition, further validation was performed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In vitro, we observed that APG-1252-M1 had moderate antitumor activity toward NPC cells; however, it markedly improved gemcitabine’s ability to promote NPC cell apoptosis and suppress invasion, migration, and proliferation. Specifically, APG-1252 plus gemcitabine exhibited even remarkable antitumor activity in vivo. Mechanistically, the drug combination synergistically suppressed NPC by activating caspase-dependent pathways, blocking the phospho (p)-JAK-2/STAT3/MCL-1 signaling pathway, and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, the results indicated that the combination of APG-1252 and gemcitabine has synergistic anticancer activities against NPC, providing a promising treatment modality for patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Luo
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat- Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei-Teng Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Zhen Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Juan Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat- Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang-Mei Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Luo
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat- Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Pan
- Ascentage Pharma (Suzhou) Co, Ltd, 218 Xinghu Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat- Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Fei Xia
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat- Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Han Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xin Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat- Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Da-Jun Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat- Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Radaeva M, Ton AT, Hsing M, Ban F, Cherkasov A. Drugging the 'undruggable'. Therapeutic targeting of protein-DNA interactions with the use of computer-aided drug discovery methods. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2660-2679. [PMID: 34332092 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) act as major oncodrivers in many cancers and are frequently regarded as high-value therapeutic targets. The functionality of TFs relies on direct protein-DNA interactions, which are notoriously difficult to target with small molecules. However, this prior view of the 'undruggability' of protein-DNA interfaces has shifted substantially in recent years, in part because of significant advances in computer-aided drug discovery (CADD). In this review, we highlight recent examples of successful CADD campaigns resulting in drug candidates that directly interfere with protein-DNA interactions of several key cancer TFs, including androgen receptor (AR), ETS-related gene (ERG), MYC, thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX), topoisomerase II (TOP2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Importantly, these findings open novel and compelling avenues for therapeutic targeting of over 1600 human TFs implicated in many conditions including and beyond cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Radaeva
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and the Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Anh-Tien Ton
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and the Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Michael Hsing
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and the Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Fuqiang Ban
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and the Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and the Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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The Cytotoxicity Effect of Curcumin Loaded Folic Acid Conjugated-Nanoparticles on Breast Cancer Cells and Its Association with Inhibition of STAT3 Phosphorylation. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Abstract
The carbazole class is made up of heterocyclically structured compounds first isolated from coal tar. Their structural motif is preponderant in different synthetic materials and naturally occurring alkaloids extracted from the taxonomically related higher plants of the genus Murraya, Glycosmis, and Clausena from the Rutaceae family. Concerning the biological activity of these compounds, many research groups have assessed their antiproliferative action of carbazoles on different types of tumoral cells, such as breast, cervical, ovarian, hepatic, oral cavity, and small-cell lung cancer, and underlined their potential effects against psoriasis. One of the principal mechanisms likely involved in these effects is the ability of carbazoles to target the JAK/STATs pathway, considered essential for cell differentiation, proliferation, development, apoptosis, and inflammation. In this review, we report the studies carried out, over the years, useful to synthesize compounds with carbazole moiety designed to target these kinds of kinases.
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Zafar E, Maqbool MF, Iqbal A, Maryam A, Shakir HA, Irfan M, Khan M, Li Y, Ma T. A comprehensive review on anticancer mechanism of bazedoxifene. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:767-782. [PMID: 33759222 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is counted as a second leading cause of death among nontransmissible diseases. Identification of novel anticancer drugs is therefore necessary for the effective treatment of cancer. Conventional drug discovery is time consuming and expensive process. Unlike conventional drug discovery, drug repositioning offers a novel strategy for urgent drug discovery since it is a cost-effective and faster process. Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a synthetic selective estrogen receptor modulator, approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. BZA is now being studied for its anticancer activity in various cancers including breast cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, head and neck cancer, medulloblastoma, brain cancer, and gastrointestinal cancer. Studies have reported that BZA is effective in reducing cancer progression through multiple mechanisms. BZA could effectively inhibit STAT3, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK signaling pathways and induce apoptosis. In addition to its anticancer activity as monotherapy, BZA has been shown to enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy of clinical drugs such as paclitaxel, cisplatin, palbociclib, and oxaliplatin in multiple neoplasms. This review mainly focused on the anticancer activity, cellular targets, and anticancer mechanism of BZA, which may help the further design and conduct of research and repositioning it for oncological clinic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum Zafar
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Asia Iqbal
- Department of Wild Life and Ecology, University of Veternary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Patoki, Pakistan
| | - Amara Maryam
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Abdullah Shakir
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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21
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Anticancer potential of metformin: focusing on gastrointestinal cancers. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:587-598. [PMID: 33744985 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are one of the most common types of cancer that have high annual mortality; therefore, identification and introduction of safe drugs in the control and prevention of these cancers are of particular importance. Metformin, a lipophilic biguanide, is the most commonly prescribed agent for type 2 diabetes management. In addition to its great effects on lowering the blood glucose concentrations, the anti-cancer properties of this drug have been reported in many types of cancers such as gastrointestinal cancers. Hence the effects of this agent as a safe drug on the reduction of gastrointestinal cancer risk and suppression of these types of cancers have been studied in different clinical trials. Furthermore, the proposed mechanisms of metformin in preventing the growth of these cancers have been investigated in several studies. In this review, we discuss recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that are relevant for metformin use in gastrointestinal cancer treatment.
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22
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Gao D, Jin N, Fu Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Wang T, Chen Y, Zhang M, Xiao Q, Huang M, Li Y. Rational drug design of benzothiazole-based derivatives as potent signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113333. [PMID: 33689932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cumulative evidence supports STAT3, a transcriptional mediator of oncogenic signaling, as a therapeutic target in cancer. The development of STAT3 inhibitors remain an active area of research as no inhibitors have yet to be approved for cancer treatment. In a continuing effort to develop more potent STAT3 inhibitors based on our previously identified hit compound 16w, a series of benzothiazole derivatives with unique binding mode in SH2 domain of STAT3 were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. Of note, compound B19 demonstrated excellent activity against IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway with the IC50 value as low as 0.067 μM as determined by a luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, multiple compounds displayed potent antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-468 and JAK2 mutant HEL cell lines. Further biochemical study using Western blot assay indicated that B19 blocked the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr 705 and Ser 727 and thus suppressed STAT3-mediated gene expression of c-MYC and MCL-1. Simultaneously, it induced cancer cell G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis both in MDA-MB-468 and HEL cell lines. Finally, molecular docking study along with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and fluorescence polarization (FP) assays disclosed the binding mode of B19 in STAT3 SH2 domain. Taken together, our finding suggests that B19 is a promising therapeutic STAT3 inhibitor for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nan Jin
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yixian Fu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yueyue Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min Huang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Sheweita SA, Ammar RG, Sabra SA, Sultan AS. Letrozole and zoledronic acid changed signalling pathways involved in the apoptosis of breast cancer cells. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 16:112-120. [PMID: 33603639 PMCID: PMC7858005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Oestrogen plays a key role in the development of breast malignancies. Therefore, aromatase inhibitors (e.g. letrozole [LTZ]) are widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. On the other hand, oestrogen is important to the integrity of bone mass. Research has shown that zoledronic acid (ZLA) may prevent osteoporosis. Therefore, the present research aims to investigate the effect of a combination of LTZ and ZLA in the treatment of breast cancer and in reducing osteoporosis in patients with breast cancer. Methods We used immunocytochemistry and Western immunoblotting techniques in this study. Results We observed that LTZ inhibited cellular growth of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and T-47D at IC50 (70 ± 0.001) and (140 ± 0.004) nM, respectively, whereas ZLA inhibited cellular growth at IC50 (50 ± 0.005) μM and (150 ± 0.004) μM for MCF-7 and T-47D cell lines, respectively. Interestingly, the LTZ and ZLA combination down-regulated the protein expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and up-regulated BRCA1 protein expression in both cell lines. Moreover, a notable enhancement in the nuclear localisation of the BRCA1 protein was obtained after treatment of T-47D cells with LTZ for 24 h compared to the control cells. In contrast, there was a reduction in the nuclear localisation of STAT3 protein, which could be an attractive target for inhibition of breast cancer proliferation and progression. Conclusion Our study has shown that a combination of LTZ and ZLA enhanced apoptosis and inhibited growth of both breast cancer cell lines. This combination can be used to maintain bone integrity in women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah A Sheweita
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
| | - Rania G Ammar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sally A Sabra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
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24
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Artesunate inhibits melanoma progression in vitro via suppressing STAT3 signaling pathway. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:650-663. [PMID: 33609273 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a life-threatening cancer characterized with a potentially metastatic tumor of melanocytic origin. Improved methods or novel therapies are urgently needed to eliminate the development of metastases. Artesunate is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin used for trarment of malaria and cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of artesunate and the role on STAT3 signaling in A375 human melanoma cell line. METHODS Melanoma cells were treated with artesunate at concentrations of 0-5 μM for 24 and 48 h. The inhibition of cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion, adhesion, percentage of apoptotic cells, and expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and related proteins were examined. RESULTS Artesunate inhibited cellular proliferation of cancer cells by induction of apoptosis at sub-toxic doses. Cells treated with artesunate showed an inhibition in adhesion to extracellular matrix substrate matrigel and type IV collagen. Artesunate treatment showed a decreased cellular migration, invasion, and colony formation in melanoma cells. Artesunate also inhibited STAT3 and Src activations and STAT3 related protein expressions; such as metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, Mcl-1, Bxl-xL, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Twist. Moreover, overexpression of constitutively active STAT3 in A375 cells attenuated the anti-proliferative, apoptotic and anti-invasive effects of artesunate. CONCLUSION The results obtained from this study demonstrated that the anticancer activity of artesunate occurred via STAT3 pathway and its target proteins. Therefore, it can be suggested that artesunate may be an important candidate molecule in the treatment of melanoma.
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25
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Shiah JV, Grandis JR, Johnson DE. Targeting STAT3 with Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras and Next-Generation Antisense Oligonucleotides. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:219-228. [PMID: 33203730 PMCID: PMC7888537 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 has been recognized for its key role in the progression of cancer, where it is frequently upregulated or constitutively hyperactivated, contributing to tumor cell proliferation, survival, and migration, as well as angiogenesis and suppression of antitumor immunity. Given the ubiquity of dysregulated STAT3 activity in cancer, it has long been considered a highly attractive target for the development of anticancer therapies. Efforts to target STAT3, however, have proven to be especially challenging, perhaps owing to the fact that transcription factors lack targetable enzymatic activity and have historically been considered "undruggable." Small-molecule inhibitors targeting STAT3 have been limited by insufficient selectivity and potency. More recently, therapeutic approaches that selectively target STAT3 protein for degradation have been developed, offering novel strategies that do not rely on inhibition of upstream pathways or direct competitive inhibition of the STAT3 protein. Here, we review these emerging approaches, including the development of STAT3 proteolysis targeting chimera agents, as well as preclinical and clinical studies of chemically stabilized antisense molecules, such as the clinical agent AZD9150. These therapeutic strategies may robustly reduce the cellular activity of oncogenic STAT3 and overcome the historical limitations of less selective small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie V Shiah
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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26
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Brotherton-Pleiss C, Yue P, Zhu Y, Nakamura K, Chen W, Fu W, Kubota C, Chen J, Alonso-Valenteen F, Mikhael S, Medina-Kauwe L, Tius MA, Lopez-Tapia F, Turkson J. Discovery of Novel Azetidine Amides as Potent Small-Molecule STAT3 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:695-710. [PMID: 33352047 PMCID: PMC7816766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We optimized our previously reported proline-based STAT3 inhibitors into an exciting new series of (R)-azetidine-2-carboxamide analogues that have sub-micromolar potencies. 5a, 5o, and 8i have STAT3-inhibitory potencies (IC50) of 0.55, 0.38, and 0.34 μM, respectively, compared to potencies greater than 18 μM against STAT1 or STAT5 activity. Further modifications derived analogues, including 7e, 7f, 7g, and 9k, that addressed cell membrane permeability and other physicochemical issues. Isothermal titration calorimetry analysis confirmed high-affinity binding to STAT3, with KD of 880 nM (7g) and 960 nM (9k). 7g and 9k inhibited constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation and DNA-binding activity in human breast cancer, MDA-MB-231 or MDA-MB-468 cells. Furthermore, treatment of breast cancer cells with 7e, 7f, 7g, or 9k inhibited viable cells, with an EC50 of 0.9-1.9 μM, cell growth, and colony survival, and induced apoptosis while having relatively weaker effects on normal breast epithelial, MCF-10A or breast cancer, MCF-7 cells that do not harbor constitutively active STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Brotherton-Pleiss
- Cancer Biology Program, University of
Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813,
United States
- Medicinal Chemistry Leader, Department of Chemistry,
University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu,
Hawaii 9682, United States
| | - Peibin Yue
- Cancer Biology Program, University of
Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813,
United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology and
Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis 5065, Los Angeles, California 90048,
United States
| | - Yinsong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology and
Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis 5065, Los Angeles, California 90048,
United States
| | - Kayo Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 9682, United
States
| | - Weiliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 9682, United
States
| | - Wenzhen Fu
- Cancer Biology Program, University of
Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813,
United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 9682, United
States
| | - Casie Kubota
- Cancer Biology Program, University of
Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813,
United States
| | - Jasmine Chen
- Cancer Biology Program, University of
Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813,
United States
| | - Felix Alonso-Valenteen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology and
Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis 5065, Los Angeles, California 90048,
United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048,
United States
| | - Simoun Mikhael
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology and
Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis 5065, Los Angeles, California 90048,
United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048,
United States
| | - Lali Medina-Kauwe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology and
Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis 5065, Los Angeles, California 90048,
United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048,
United States
| | - Marcus A. Tius
- Cancer Biology Program, University of
Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813,
United States
- Medicinal Chemistry Leader, Department of Chemistry,
University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu,
Hawaii 9682, United States
| | - Francisco Lopez-Tapia
- Cancer Biology Program, University of
Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813,
United States
- Medicinal Chemistry Leader, Department of Chemistry,
University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu,
Hawaii 9682, United States
| | - James Turkson
- Cancer Biology Program, University of
Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813,
United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology and
Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis 5065, Los Angeles, California 90048,
United States
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27
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Fu Y, Zhu F, Ma Z, Lv B, Wang X, Dai C, Ma X, Liu P, Lv H, Chen X, Chen Z, Shen L. Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii Extracts Exert Antitumor Effects on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Multiple Myeloma by Inhibiting STAT3 Signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:301-314. [PMID: 33469308 PMCID: PMC7811487 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s282334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii is an herb that possesses various ethnopharmacological applications. Herein, our current study focuses on the antitumor effect of a combination of physalins, which are regarded as the most representative secondary metabolites from calyces of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii. Materials and Methods We mainly investigated the antitumor activity of the physalins extracted from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii on both solid and hematologic cancers. The main cells used in this study were NCI-H1975 and U266 cells. The major assays used were the CCK-8 assay, Western blot analyses, immunofluorescence assay and Annexin V assay, and a xenograft mouse model was used. Results The results showed that physalins exhibited a strong antitumoural effect on both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells by suppressing constitutive STAT3 activity and further inhibiting the downstream target gene expression induced by STAT3 signaling, which resulted in the enhanced apoptosis of tumor cells. Moreover, physalins significantly reduced tumor growth in xenograft models of lung cancer. Conclusion Collectively, these findings demonstrated that the physalins from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii may potentially act as cancer preventive or chemotherapeutic agents for NSCLC and MM by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway. The present study served as a promising guide to further explore the precise mechanism of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanfan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjun Ma
- Institute of Marine Biology and Natural Products, Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shen
- Institute of Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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28
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Berendsen MR, Stevens WBC, van den Brand M, van Krieken JH, Scheijen B. Molecular Genetics of Relapsed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Insight into Mechanisms of Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3553. [PMID: 33260693 PMCID: PMC7760867 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be treated successfully with a combination of chemotherapy and the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. Nonetheless, approximately one-third of the patients with DLBCL still experience relapse or refractory (R/R) disease after first-line immunochemotherapy. Whole-exome sequencing on large cohorts of primary DLBCL has revealed the mutational landscape of DLBCL, which has provided a framework to define novel prognostic subtypes in DLBCL. Several studies have investigated the genetic alterations specifically associated with R/R DLBCL, thereby uncovering molecular pathways linked to therapy resistance. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the genetic alterations that are enriched in R/R DLBCL, and the corresponding pathways affected by these gene mutations. Furthermore, we elaborate on their potential role in mediating therapy resistance, also in connection with findings in other B-cell malignancies, and discuss alternative treatment options. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive overview on the gene lesions and molecular mechanisms underlying R/R DLBCL, which are considered valuable parameters to guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine R. Berendsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.R.B.); (M.v.d.B.); (J.H.v.K.)
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy B. C. Stevens
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Michiel van den Brand
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.R.B.); (M.v.d.B.); (J.H.v.K.)
- Pathology-DNA, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - J. Han van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.R.B.); (M.v.d.B.); (J.H.v.K.)
| | - Blanca Scheijen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.R.B.); (M.v.d.B.); (J.H.v.K.)
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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29
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Gao Y, Sun W, Cha X, Wang H. 'Psoriasis 1' reduces T‑lymphocyte‑mediated inflammation in patients with psoriasis by inhibiting vitamin D receptor‑mediated STAT4 inactivation. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1538-1550. [PMID: 32945358 PMCID: PMC7447312 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated dermatosis characterized by T-lymphocyte-mediated epidermal hyperplasia, for which there are currently no effective clinical treatments. 'Psoriasis 1' is a Chinese herbal medicine formulation that has been recently used extensively in China for treating patients with psoriasis. However, the molecular mechanism of action of this potent formulation has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, the effects of 'Psoriasis 1' on T ymphocytes in patients with psoriasis were investigated and the underlying molecular mechanism was discussed. Blood samples were collected from 40 patients with psoriasis. ELISA was employed to assess the levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, transforming growth factor-β, IL-4, IL-12, IL-23 and vitamin D (VD). Western blot and quantitative PCR analyses were used to investigate the expression levels of VD receptor (VDR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 in T lymphocytes. 'Psoriasis 1' was observed to significantly increase CD4+ T cells. It also notably upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of VDR, and downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of STAT4. Moreover, the suppression of VDR was found to aggravate the inflammatory response, which was reversed by 'Psoriasis 1.' Thus, this formulation reportedly decreased the inflammation mediated by T lymphocytes in patients with psoriasis through inhibiting VDR-mediated STAT4 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Division of Rheumatology, Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Xushan Cha
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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30
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Ji X, Lin L, Shen S, Dong X, Chen C, Li Y, Zhu Y, Huang H, Chen J, Chen X, Wei L, He J, Duan W, Su L, Jiang Y, Fan J, Guan J, You D, Shafer A, Bjaanaes MM, Karlsson A, Planck M, Staaf J, Helland Å, Esteller M, Wei Y, Zhang R, Chen F, Christiani DC. Epigenetic-smoking interaction reveals histologically heterogeneous effects of TRIM27 DNA methylation on overall survival among early-stage NSCLC patients. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2759-2774. [PMID: 33448640 PMCID: PMC7607178 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif containing 27 (TRIM27) is highly expressed in lung cancer, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we profiled DNA methylation of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tumours from 613 early-stage NSCLC patients and evaluated associations between CpG methylation of TRIM27 and overall survival. Significant CpG probes were confirmed in 617 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The methylation of the CpG probe cg05293407TRIM27 was significantly associated with overall survival in patients with LUSC (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.30-2.09, P = 4.52 × 10-5), but not in patients with LUAD (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.87-1.33, P = 0.493). As incidence of LUSC is associated with higher smoking intensity compared to LUAD, we investigated whether smoking intensity impacted on the prognostic effect of cg05293407TRIM27 methylation in NSCLC. LUSC patients had a higher average pack-year of smoking (37.49LUAD vs 54.79LUSC, P = 1.03 × 10-19) and included a higher proportion of current smokers than LUAD patients (28.24%LUAD vs 34.09%LUSC, P = 0.037). cg05293407TRIM27 was significantly associated with overall survival only in NSCLC patients with medium-high pack-year of smoking (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26-1.96, P = 5.25 × 10-5). We conclude that cg05293407TRIM27 methylation is a potential predictor of LUSC prognosis, and smoking intensity may impact on its prognostic value across the various types of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sipeng Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuesi Dong
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangmin Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juanjuan Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinxing Guan
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongfang You
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Shafer
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Moksnes Bjaanaes
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund and CREATE Health Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Planck
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund and CREATE Health Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund and CREATE Health Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer, Madrid, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Human Cytomegalovirus miR-US5-2 Downregulation of GAB1 Regulates Cellular Proliferation and UL138 Expression through Modulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Pathways. mSphere 2020; 5:5/4/e00582-20. [PMID: 32759334 PMCID: PMC7407068 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00582-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant disease in immunocompromised individuals, including transplant patients. HCMV establishes latency in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. The mechanisms governing latency and reactivation of viral replication are complex and not fully understood. HCMV-encoded miRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that reduce protein expression. In this study, we found that the HCMV miRNA miR-US5-2 targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) adaptor protein GAB1 which directly affects downstream cellular signaling pathways activated by EGF. Consequently, miR-US5-2 blocks the EGF-mediated proliferation of human fibroblasts. Early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) is a transcription factor activated by EGFR signaling that regulates expression of HCMV UL138. We show that miR-US5-2 regulates UL138 expression through GAB1-mediated downregulation of the signaling pathways that lead to EGR1 expression. These data suggest that miR-US5-2, through downregulation of GAB1, could play a critical role during reactivation from latency by reducing proliferation and UL138 expression. Regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) signaling is critical for the replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as well as latency and reactivation in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. HCMV microRNAs (miRNAs) provide a means to modulate the signaling activated by EGF through targeting components of the EGFR signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that HCMV miR-US5-2 directly downregulates the critical EGFR adaptor protein GAB1 that mediates activation and sustained signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways and cellular proliferation in response to EGF. Expression of HCMV UL138 is regulated by the transcription factor early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) downstream of EGFR-induced MEK/ERK signaling. We show that by targeting GAB1 and attenuating MEK/ERK signaling, miR-US5-2 indirectly regulates EGR1 and UL138 expression, which implicates the miRNA in critical regulation of HCMV latency. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant disease in immunocompromised individuals, including transplant patients. HCMV establishes latency in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. The mechanisms governing latency and reactivation of viral replication are complex and not fully understood. HCMV-encoded miRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that reduce protein expression. In this study, we found that the HCMV miRNA miR-US5-2 targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) adaptor protein GAB1 which directly affects downstream cellular signaling pathways activated by EGF. Consequently, miR-US5-2 blocks the EGF-mediated proliferation of human fibroblasts. Early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) is a transcription factor activated by EGFR signaling that regulates expression of HCMV UL138. We show that miR-US5-2 regulates UL138 expression through GAB1-mediated downregulation of the signaling pathways that lead to EGR1 expression. These data suggest that miR-US5-2, through downregulation of GAB1, could play a critical role during reactivation from latency by reducing proliferation and UL138 expression.
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Ambaye ND, Yu HE. Novel anti-cancer candidates from a combinatorial peptide library. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 97:87-96. [PMID: 32659860 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 is attractive target for development of anti-cancer therapeutics as it is implicated in nearly all forms of human tumors. To identify novel leads, we screened a combinatorial peptide library displayed on the surface of M13 bacteriophage. After three rounds of biopanning, a dodecapeptide with the YYVSWPPDMMHY sequence was found to be enriched by 36% while another with a short consensus motif was displayed in 20% of the phages. Binding analysis by isothermal titration calorimetry shows the most displayed peptide interacted with a Kd of 1.79 μM, which on modification of its structure to mimic the natural binding partners of STAT3 brought the affinity to high nanomolar range (Kd = 500 nM). Using a panel of tumor cell lines, we show that the peptides prevented the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells with a moderate activity (GI50 = 50 μM). Furthermore, gene expression analysis shows the peptide reduced the expression of oncoproteins critical for tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. To find novel STAT3-interacting proteins, we searched the non-redundant sequences of the National Center for Biotechnology Information database which allowed us to identify potential binding partners of the protein. In sum, our data show the identified agents could serve as useful therapeutics candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigus D Ambaye
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hua E Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Qi X, Li M, Zhang XM, Dai XF, Cui J, Li DH, Gu QQ, Lv ZH, Li J. Trichothecin Inhibits Cancer-Related Features in Colorectal Cancer Development by Targeting STAT3. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102306. [PMID: 32422984 PMCID: PMC7287781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that contributes to cancer progression through multiple processes of cancer development, which makes it an attractive target for cancer therapy. The IL-6/STAT3 pathway is associated with an advanced stage in colorectal cancer patients. In this study, we identified trichothecin (TCN) as a novel STAT3 inhibitor. TCN was found to bind to the SH2 domain of STAT3 and inhibit STAT3 activation and dimerization, thereby blocking STAT3 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. TCN did not affect phosphorylation levels of STAT1. TCN significantly inhibited cell growth, arrested cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and induced apoptosis in HCT 116 cells. In addition, the capacities of colony formation, migration, and invasion of HCT 116 cells were impaired upon exposure to TCN with or without IL-6 stimulation. In addition, TCN treatment abolished the tube formation of HUVEC cells in vitro. Taken together, these results highlight that TCN inhibits various cancer-related features in colorectal cancer development in vitro by targeting STAT3, indicating that TCN is a promising STAT3 inhibitor that deserves further exploration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Q.); (M.L.); (X.-m.Z.); (X.-f.D.); (J.C.); (D.-h.L.); (Q.-q.G.)
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Q.); (M.L.); (X.-m.Z.); (X.-f.D.); (J.C.); (D.-h.L.); (Q.-q.G.)
| | - Xiao-min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Q.); (M.L.); (X.-m.Z.); (X.-f.D.); (J.C.); (D.-h.L.); (Q.-q.G.)
| | - Xiu-fen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Q.); (M.L.); (X.-m.Z.); (X.-f.D.); (J.C.); (D.-h.L.); (Q.-q.G.)
| | - Jian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Q.); (M.L.); (X.-m.Z.); (X.-f.D.); (J.C.); (D.-h.L.); (Q.-q.G.)
| | - De-hai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Q.); (M.L.); (X.-m.Z.); (X.-f.D.); (J.C.); (D.-h.L.); (Q.-q.G.)
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qian-qun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Q.); (M.L.); (X.-m.Z.); (X.-f.D.); (J.C.); (D.-h.L.); (Q.-q.G.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhi-hua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Q.); (M.L.); (X.-m.Z.); (X.-f.D.); (J.C.); (D.-h.L.); (Q.-q.G.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-h.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-532-82032096 (Z.-h.L.); +86-532-82032066 (J.L.)
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Q.); (M.L.); (X.-m.Z.); (X.-f.D.); (J.C.); (D.-h.L.); (Q.-q.G.)
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-h.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-532-82032096 (Z.-h.L.); +86-532-82032066 (J.L.)
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Yang C, Mai H, Peng J, Zhou B, Hou J, Jiang D. STAT4: an immunoregulator contributing to diverse human diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1575-1585. [PMID: 32226303 PMCID: PMC7097918 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.41852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is a member of the STAT family and localizes to the cytoplasm. STAT4 is phosphorylated after a variety of cytokines bind to the membrane, and then dimerized STAT4 translocates to the nucleus to regulate gene expression. We reviewed the essential role played by STAT4 in a wide variety of cells and the pathogenesis of diverse human diseases, especially many kinds of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, via activation by different cytokines through the Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Haoming Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Jinxin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Deke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, China
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Arshad S, Naveed M, Ullia M, Javed K, Butt A, Khawar M, Amjad F. Targeting STAT-3 signaling pathway in cancer for development of novel drugs: Advancements and challenges. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20180160. [PMID: 32167126 PMCID: PMC7198026 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT-3) is a transcription
factor that regulates the gene expression of several target genes. These factors
are activated by the binding of cytokines and growth factors with STAT-3
specific receptors on cell membrane. Few years ago, STAT-3 was considered an
acute phase response element having several cellular functions such as
inflammation, cell survival, invasion, metastasis and proliferation, genetic
alteration, and angiogenesis. STAT-3 is activated by several types of
inflammatory cytokines, carcinogens, viruses, growth factors, and oncogenes.
Thus, the STAT3 pathway is a potential target for cancer therapeutics. Abnormal
STAT-3 activity in tumor development and cellular transformation can be targeted
by several genomic and pharmacological methodologies. An extensive review of the
literature has been conducted to emphasize the role of STAT-3 as a unique cancer
drug target. This review article discusses in detail the wide range of STAT-3
inhibitors that show antitumor effects both in vitro and
in vivo. Thus, targeting constitutive STAT-3 signaling is a
remarkable therapeutic methodology for tumor progression. Finally, current
limitations, trials and future perspectives of STAT-3 inhibitors are also
critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Arshad
- University of Lahore, Department of Allied Health Sciences, Gujrat Campus, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- University of Central Punjab, Faculty of life sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahad Ullia
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sialkot sub Campus, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Javed
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sialkot sub Campus, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Butt
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sialkot sub Campus, Pakistan
| | - Masooma Khawar
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sialkot sub Campus, Pakistan
| | - Fazeeha Amjad
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sialkot sub Campus, Pakistan
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Enabling Combinatorial siRNA Delivery against Apoptosis-Related Proteins with Linoleic Acid and α-Linoleic Acid Substituted Low Molecular Weight Polyethylenimines. Pharm Res 2020; 37:46. [PMID: 32016611 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-2770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Short interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy promises a new era in treatment of breast cancers but effective delivery systems are needed for clinical use. Since silencing complementary targets may offer improved efficacy, this study was undertaken to identify non-viral carriers for combinatorial siRNA delivery for more effective therapy. METHODS A library of lipid-substituted polymers from low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI), linoleic acid (LA) and α-linoleic acid (αLA) with amide or thioester linkages was prepared and investigated for delivering Mcl-1, survivin and STAT5A siRNAs in breast cancer cells. RESULTS The effective polymers formed 80-190 nm particles with similar zeta-potentials, but the serum stability was greater for complexes formed with amide-linked lipid conjugates. The LA and αLA substitutions, with the low molecular weight PEI (1.2 kDa and 2.0 kDa) were able to deliver siRNA effectively to cells and retarded the growth of breast cancer cells. The amide-linked lipid substituents showed higher cellular delivery of siRNA as compared to thioester linkages. Upon combinational delivery of siRNAs, growth of MCF-7 cells was inhibited to a greater extent with 2.0PEI-LA9 mediated delivery of Mcl-1 combined survivin siRNAs as compared to individual siRNAs. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the decrease in mRNA levels of target genes with specific siRNAs and 2.0PEI-LA9 was the most effective polymer for delivering siRNAs (either single or in combination). CONCLUSIONS This study yielded effective siRNA carriers for combinational delivery of siRNAs. Careful choice of siRNA combinations will be critical since targeting individual genes might alter the expression of other critical mediators.
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Mohammadi Kian M, Salemi M, Bahadoran M, Haghi A, Dashti N, Mohammadi S, Rostami S, Chahardouli B, Babakhani D, Nikbakht M. Curcumin Combined with Thalidomide Reduces Expression of STAT3 and Bcl-xL, Leading to Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:185-194. [PMID: 32021103 PMCID: PMC6970263 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s228610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of blood disorder that exhibits uncontrolled growth and reduced ability to undergo apoptosis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a family member of transcription factors which promotes carcinogenesis in most human cancers. This effect on AML is accomplished through deregulation of several critical genes, such as B cell lymphoma-extra-large (BCL-XL) which is anti-apoptotic protein. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin (CUR) and thalidomide (THAL) on apoptosis induction and also the alteration of the mRNA expression level of STAT3 and BCL-XL mRNA on AML cell line compounds. Methods The growth inhibitory effects of CUR and THAL and their combination were measured by MTT assay in U937 and KG-1 cell lines. The rates of apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis were measured by concurrent staining with Annexin V and PI. The mRNA expression level of STAT3 and BCL-XL was evaluated by Real-Time PCR. Results CUR inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in both KG-1 and U937 cells and this effect increased by combination with THAL. The expression level of STAT3 and BCL-XL was significantly down-regulated in KG-1 cells after treatment by CUR and THAL and their combination. Conclusion Overall, our findings suggested that down-regulation of STAT3 and BCL-XL mRNA expression in response to CUR and THAL treatment lead to inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Mohammadi Kian
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Salemi
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bahadoran
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Haghi
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Young Researchers & Elite Club Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Dashti
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbano Rostami
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Chahardouli
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Babakhani
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikbakht
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Swiatek-Machado K, Kaminska B. STAT Signaling in Glioma Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:203-222. [PMID: 32034715 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that function as downstream effectors of cytokine and growth factor receptor signaling. The canonical JAK/STAT signaling pathway involves the activation of Janus kinases (JAK) or growth factors receptor kinases, phosphorylation of STAT proteins, their dimerization and translocation into the nucleus where STATs act as transcription factors with pleiotropic downstream effects. STAT signaling is tightly controlled with restricted kinetics due to action of its negative regulators. While STAT1 is believed to play an important role in growth arrest and apoptosis, and to act as a tumor suppressor, STAT3 and 5 are involved in promoting cell cycle progression, cellular transformation, and preventing apoptosis. Aberrant activation of STATs, in particular STAT3 and STAT5, have been found in a large number of human tumors, including gliomas and may contribute to oncogenesis. In this chapter, we have (1) summarized the mechanisms of STAT activation in normal and malignant signaling; (2) discussed evidence for the critical role of constitutively activated STAT3 and STAT5 in glioma pathobiology; (3) disclosed molecular and pharmacological strategies to interfere with STAT signaling for potential therapeutic intervention in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Swiatek-Machado
- Laboratory of Transcription Regulation, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Transcription Regulation, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Krajka-Kuźniak V, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Narożna M, Szaefer H, Baer-Dubowska W. Morpholide derivative of the novel oleanolic oxime and succinic acid conjugate diminish the expression and activity of NF-κB and STATs in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bucindolol Modulates Cardiac Remodeling by Attenuating Oxidative Stress in H9c2 Cardiac Cells Exposed to Norepinephrine. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6325424. [PMID: 31360296 PMCID: PMC6652037 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6325424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The increased circulation of norepinephrine, found in the diseased heart as a result of sympathetic nervous system overactivation, is responsible for its cardiotoxic effects including pathological hypertrophy, cell death, and oxidative stress. Bucindolol is a third generation adrenergic blocker, which acts on the β1 and β2 receptors, and has additional α1 antagonist activity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the action of bucindolol on oxidative stress, hypertrophy, cell survival, and cell death signaling pathways in H9c2 cardiac cells exposed to norepinephrine. H9c2 cells were incubated with 10 μM norepinephrine for 24 h in the presence or absence of bucindolol (10 μM) treatment for 8 h. Western blot was used to determine the expression of proteins for hypertrophy/survival and death signaling pathways. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell death via caspase-3/7 activity and propidium iodide and reactive oxygen species via measuring the fluorescence of CM-H2DCFDA. Norepinephrine exposure resulted in an increase in oxidative stress as well as cell death. This was accompanied by an increased protein expression of LC3B-II/I. The protein kinase B/mammalian target of the rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) pathway which is involved in cardiac remodeling process was activated in response to norepinephrine and was mitigated by bucindolol. In conclusion, bucindolol was able to modulate cardiac remodeling which is mediated by oxidative stress.
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Identification of novel inhibitors of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 over signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 for the treatment of breast cancer by in-silico and in-vitro approach. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Smigiel JM, Taylor SE, Bryson BL, Tamagno I, Polak K, Jackson MW. Cellular plasticity and metastasis in breast cancer: a pre- and post-malignant problem. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2019; 5:47. [PMID: 32355893 PMCID: PMC7192216 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2019.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As a field we have made tremendous strides in treating breast cancer, with a decline in the past 30 years of overall breast cancer mortality. However, this progress is met with little affect once the disease spreads beyond the primary site. With a 5-year survival rate of 22%, 10-year of 13%, for those patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC), our ability to effectively treat wide spread disease is minimal. A major contributing factor to this ineffectiveness is the complex make-up, or heterogeneity, of the primary site. Within a primary tumor, secreted factors, malignant and pre-malignant epithelial cells, immune cells, stromal fibroblasts and many others all reside alongside each other creating a dynamic environment contributing to metastasis. Furthermore, heterogeneity contributes to our lack of understanding regarding the cells' remarkable ability to undergo epithelial/non-cancer stem cell (CSC) to mesenchymal/CSC (E-M/CSC) plasticity. The enhanced invasion & motility, tumor-initiating potential, and acquired therapeutic resistance which accompanies E-M/CSC plasticity implicates a significant role in metastasis. While most work trying to understand E-M/CSC plasticity has been done on malignant cells, recent evidence is emerging concerning the ability for pre-malignant cells to undergo E-M/CSC plasticity and contribute to the metastatic process. Here we will discuss the importance of E-M/CSC plasticity within malignant and pre-malignant populations of the tumor. Moreover, we will discuss how one may potentially target these populations, ultimately disrupting the metastatic cascade and increasing patient survival for those with mBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Smigiel
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sarah E. Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Bryson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ilaria Tamagno
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kelsey Polak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark W. Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Krzyzanowska A, Don‐Doncow N, Marginean FE, Gaber A, Watson RW, Hellsten R, Bjartell A. Expression of tSTAT3, pSTAT3 727 , and pSTAT3 705 in the epithelial cells of hormone-naïve prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:784-797. [PMID: 30905090 PMCID: PMC6766958 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway is observed to be constitutively activated in several malignancies including prostate cancer (PCa). In the present study, we investigated the expression of total STAT3 (tSTAT3) and two forms of activated phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3727 and pSTAT3705 ) in tissue microarrays (TMA) of two cohorts of localized hormone-naïve PCa patients and analyzed associations between the expression and disease outcome. METHODS The expression of tSTAT3, pSTAT3727 , and pSTAT3705 was scored in the nuclei and cytoplasm of prostatic gland epithelial cells in two TMAs of paraffin-embedded prostatic tissue. The TMAs consisted of tissue originated from hormone-naïve radical prostatectomy patients from two different sites: Malmö, Sweden (n = 300) and Dublin, Ireland (n = 99). RESULTS The nuclear expression levels of tSTAT3, pSTAT3727 , and pSTAT3705 in the epithelial cells of benign glands were significantly higher than in the cancerous glands. Cytoplasmic tSTAT3 levels were also higher in benign glands. Patients with low pSTAT3727 and pSTAT3705 levels in the cancerous glands showed reduced times to biochemical recurrence, compared with those with higher levels. No significant trends in nuclear nor in cytoplasmic tSTAT3 were observed in relation to biochemical recurrence in the Malmö cohort. Higher cytoplasmic tSTAT3 was associated with reduced time to biochemical recurrence in the Dublin cohort. Adding the tSTAT3 and pSTAT3 expression data to Gleason score or pathological T stage did not improve their prognostic values. CONCLUSIONS Low pSTAT3727 and pSTAT3705 expression in epithelial cells of cancerous prostatic glands in hormone-naïve PCa was associated with faster disease progression. However, pSTAT3 and tSTAT3 expression did not improve the prognostic value of Gleason score or pathological T stage and may not be a good biomarker in the early hormone naïve stages of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krzyzanowska
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Nicholas Don‐Doncow
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Felicia Elena Marginean
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Alexander Gaber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of PathologyLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - R. William Watson
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical ResearchUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublinIreland
| | - Rebecka Hellsten
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Department of UrologyMalmö University HospitalMalmöSweden
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Koseki T, Suehiro N, Masuda Y, Miyoshi N, Muraoka D, Ogo N, Asai A. Discovery of a New STAT3 Inhibitor Acting on the Linker Domain. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:792-800. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Koseki
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Naoya Suehiro
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yoshiaki Masuda
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Nao Miyoshi
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Daisuke Muraoka
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Naohisa Ogo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Akira Asai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Combined bazedoxifene and paclitaxel treatments inhibit cell viability, cell migration, colony formation, and tumor growth and induce apoptosis in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 448:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Lee EJ, Kim SJ, Hahn YI, Yoon HJ, Han B, Kim K, Lee S, Kim KP, Suh YG, Na HK, Surh YJ. 15-Keto prostaglandin E 2 suppresses STAT3 signaling and inhibits breast cancer cell growth and progression. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101175. [PMID: 31129031 PMCID: PMC6859578 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been linked to enhanced tumor cell proliferation, invasiveness and metastasis as well as resistance to apoptosis. 15-Keto prostaglandin E2 (15-keto PGE2), a product formed from 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of PGE2, has recently been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. In this study, we observed that 15-keto PGE2 suppressed the phosphorylation, dimerization and nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in human mammary epithelial cells transfected with H-ras (MCF10A-ras). 15-Keto PGE2 inhibited the migration and clonogenicity of MCF10A-ras cells. In addition, subcutaneous injection of 15-keto PGE2 attenuated xenograft tumor growth and phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. However, a non-electrophilic analogue, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2 failed to inhibit STAT3 signaling and was unable to suppress the growth and transformation of MCF10A-ras cells. These findings suggest that the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety of 15-keto PGE2 is essential for its suppression of STAT3 signaling. We observed that the thiol reducing agent, dithiothreitol abrogated 15-keto PGE2-induced STAT3 inactivation and disrupted the direct interaction between 15-keto PGE2 and STAT3. Furthermore, a molecular docking analysis suggested that Cys251 and Cys259 residues of STAT3 could be preferential binding sites for this lipid mediator. Mass spectral analysis revealed the covalent modification of recombinant STAT3 by 15-keto PGE2 at Cys259. Taken together, thiol modification of STAT3 by 15-keto PGE2 inactivates STAT3 which may account for its suppression of breast cancer cell proliferation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Young-Il Hahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Yoon
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Bitnara Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - Kyeojin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbeom Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 11160, South Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, South Korea
| | - Young Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 11160, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungshin Women's University, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Seoul 01133, South Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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47
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Fiedler EC, Hemann MT. Aiding and Abetting: How the Tumor Microenvironment Protects Cancer from Chemotherapy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disease recurrence following cancer therapy remains an intractable clinical problem and represents a major impediment to reducing the mortality attributable to malignant tumors. While research has traditionally focused on the cell-intrinsic mechanisms and mutations that render tumors refractory to both classical chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies, recent studies have begun to uncover myriad roles for the tumor microenvironment (TME) in modulating therapeutic efficacy. This work suggests that drug resistance is as much ecological as it is evolutionary. Specifically, cancers resident in organs throughout the body do not develop in isolation. Instead, tumor cells arise in the context of nonmalignant cellular components of a tissue. While the roles of these cell-extrinsic factors in cancer initiation and progression are well established, our understanding of the TME's influence on therapeutic outcome is in its infancy. Here, we focus on mechanisms by which neoplastic cells co-opt preexisting or treatment-induced signaling networks to survive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C. Fiedler
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Michael T. Hemann
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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48
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Loh CY, Arya A, Naema AF, Wong WF, Sethi G, Looi CY. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STATs) Proteins in Cancer and Inflammation: Functions and Therapeutic Implication. Front Oncol 2019; 9:48. [PMID: 30847297 PMCID: PMC6393348 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway is connected upstream with Janus kinases (JAK) family protein and capable of integrating inputs from different signaling pathways. Each family member plays unique functions in signal transduction and crucial in mediating cellular responses to different kind of cytokines. STAT family members notably STAT3 and STAT5 have been involved in cancer progression whereas STAT1 plays opposite role by suppressing tumor growth. Persistent STAT3/5 activation is known to promote chronic inflammation, which increases susceptibility of healthy cells to carcinogenesis. Here, we review the role of STATs in cancers and inflammation while discussing current therapeutic implications in different cancers and test models, especially the delivery of STAT3/5 targeting siRNA using nanoparticulate delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yap Loh
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Aditya Arya
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Fadhil Naema
- Center of Biotechnology Researches, University of Al-Nahrain, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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49
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Prognostic roles of signal transducers and activators of transcription family in human breast cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171175. [PMID: 29326301 PMCID: PMC6294627 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family are critical transcription factors, which have been proved as prognostic predictors for a number of cancers. However, the prognostic roles of STAT family in breast cancer patients remain in dispute. In the present study, we mined the ‘Kaplan–Meier plotter’ (KM plotter) online database to explore the prognostic roles of STAT family mRNA expression in breast cancer including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), as well as post-progression survival (PPS). The results suggest high mRNA expression of all the individual STATs, except STAT1 and STAT2, are significantly associated with favorable OS in breast cancer patients; high STAT1 mRNA expression is significantly associated with worse RFS and all the other individual STATs, except STAT3, are significantly associated with better RFS in breast cancer patients; only high STAT5b mRNA expression is significantly related to better PPS in breast cancer patients. Additionally, we explored the prognostic values of individual STATs in other clinicopathological features, such as pathological grades, estrogen receptor (ER) status and so on. The results suggest, except STAT2 and STAT6, high mRNA expression of STATs is related to a favorable prognosis especially for high pathological grade; high STAT5 mRNA expression indicates a favorable prognosis no matter under ER positive or negative status; high STAT4 mRNA expression suggests a favorable prognosis under human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative status. Our results indicate that individual STATs, except STAT1 and STAT2, may act as a favorable prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Nevertheless, further investigations on a larger population are warranted.
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50
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Li D, Wang G, Jin G, Yao K, Zhao Z, Bie L, Guo Y, Li N, Deng W, Chen X, Chen B, Liu Y, Luo S, Guo Z. Resveratrol suppresses colon cancer growth by targeting the AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:630-640. [PMID: 30387805 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common type of cancer worldwide and accounts for a significant number of cancer‑related deaths. Although surgical techniques and treatment strategies for colon cancer have advanced over the past two decades, the prognosis has not improved considerably. Resveratrol, a natural stilbene compound, possesses antioxidant, cardioprotective and anticancer properties. However, the role of resveratrol in colon cancer has not been fully elucidated. The present study demonstrated that resveratrol inhibited cell proliferation and colony growth in DLD1 and HCT15 colon cancer cells, but did not affect normal colon epithelial cells. The resveratrol‑mediated inhibition of cell proliferation correlated with an induction of apoptosis and with G1 phase cell cycle arrest in colon cancer cells. Additionally, resveratrol treatment decreased the protein expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E2 and BCL2 apoptosis regulator, while it increased BCL2 associated X and tumor protein p53, all of which are involved in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Notably, the results obtained from in silico computational screening identified AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) and AKT2 as novel targets of resveratrol. Computational docking suggested that there are three or four possible hydrogen bonds in the active pocket of AKT1 and AKT2 that contribute to the mode of action of resveratrol. The present study confirmed that resveratrol bound to AKT1 and AKT2 with a pull‑down assay. Furthermore, knockdown of AKT1 and AKT2 inhibited cell proliferation and colony growth, by attenuating cell cycle progression and increasing apoptosis in colon cancer cells, effects that were similar to those caused by resveratrol treatment. Taken together, the present results suggest that the targeting effects of resveratrol to AKT1 and AKT2 may be a potent strategy for chemoprevention or therapy for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Gangcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Guoguo Jin
- Laboratory of Bone Tumor, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Yao
- China‑US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Laboratory of Bone Tumor, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Liangyu Bie
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Guo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Guo
- Fu Wai Hua Zhong Vascular Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, P.R. China
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