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Vassaki M, Hadjicharalambous C, Turhanen PA, Demadis KD. Structural Diversity in Antiosteolytic Bisphosphonates: Deciphering Structure-Activity Trends in Ultra Long Controlled Release Phenomena. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5563-5581. [PMID: 37982716 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonate (BP)-based treatments have been extensively prescribed for bone-related conditions, particularly for osteoporosis. Their low bioavailability creates the need for prescribed dosage increase to reach therapeutic levels but generates a plethora of undesirable side effects. A viable approach to alleviating these issues is to design and exploit controlled release strategies. Herein, the controlled release profiles of 15 structurally characterized BPs (actual drugs and structural analogs) were thoroughly studied from tablets containing three (cellulose, lactose, and silica) or two (cellulose, and silica) excipients in human stomach-simulated pH conditions. The BPs were of two types, alkyl-BPs and amino-BPs. Alkyl-BPs included four derivatives of etidronate (acid, disodium, tetra-sodium, and monopotassium forms), medronic acid, and three analogs of etidronate, in which the -CH3 group was replaced by the moieties -H, -CH2CH2CH3, and -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3. Amino-BPs included the commercial drugs pamidronate, alendronate, neridronate, and ibandronate, as well as three analog compounds. Release curves were constructed based on data taken from 1H NMR peak integration and were expressed as "% BP release" vs time. The controlled release profiles (initial release rate, plateau value, etc.) were correlated with certain structural features (number of hydrogen and metal-oxygen bonds), showing that the molecular and crystal lattice features of each BP profoundly influence its release characteristics. It was concluded that for all BPs, in general, the initial rate became lower as the total number of lattice interactions increased. For the alkyl-BPs elongation of the alkyl side chain seems to decelerate the release. Amino-BPs, in general, show slower release than the alkyl-BPs. No adverse effects of alkyl- and amino-BP drugs on NIH3T3 cell viability were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vassaki
- Crystal Engineering, Growth and Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece
| | | | - Petri A Turhanen
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FIN-70211, Finland
| | - Konstantinos D Demadis
- Crystal Engineering, Growth and Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece
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Macha IJ, Ben-Nissan B, Vilchevskaya EN, Morozova AS, Abali BE, Müller WH, Rickert W. Drug Delivery From Polymer-Based Nanopharmaceuticals-An Experimental Study Complemented by Simulations of Selected Diffusion Processes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:37. [PMID: 30906737 PMCID: PMC6418005 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of medical therapy depends on the correct amount and the appropriate delivery of the required drugs for treatment. By using biodegradable polymers a drug delivery over a time span of weeks or even months is made possible. This opens up a variety of strategies for better medication. The drug is embedded in a biodegradable polymer (the "carrier") and injected in a particular position of the human body. As a consequence of the interplay between the diffusion process and the degrading polymer the drug is released in a controlled manner. In this work we study the controlled release of medication experimentally by measuring the delivered amount of drug within a cylindrical shell over a long time interval into the body fluid. Moreover, a simple continuum model of the Fickean type is initially proposed and solved in closed-form. It is used for simulating some of the observed release processes for this type of carrier and takes the geometry of the drug container explicitly into account. By comparing the measurement data and the model predictions diffusion coefficients are obtained. It turns out that within this simple model the coefficients change over time. This contradicts the idea that diffusion coefficients are constants independent of the considered geometry. The model is therefore extended by taking an additional absorption term into account leading to a concentration dependent diffusion coefficient. This could now be used for further predictions of drug release in carriers of different shape. For a better understanding of the complex diffusion and degradation phenomena the underlying physics is discussed in detail and even more sophisticated models involving different degradation and mass transport phenomena are proposed for future work and study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent J. Macha
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Institute of Mechanics, Faculty V of Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Berlin University of Technology, LKM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Besim Ben-Nissan
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elena N. Vilchevskaya
- Applied Research Laboratory, Department of Theoretical Mechanics, Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna S. Morozova
- Applied Research Laboratory, Department of Theoretical Mechanics, Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Bilen Emek Abali
- Institute of Mechanics, Faculty V of Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Berlin University of Technology, LKM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Müller
- Institute of Mechanics, Faculty V of Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Berlin University of Technology, LKM, Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Rickert
- Institute of Mechanics, Faculty V of Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Berlin University of Technology, LKM, Berlin, Germany
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Müller M, Urban B, Vehlow D, Möller M. Adjusting and switching the elution of bone therapeutics from thermoaddressable coatings of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/ethylenediaminocellulose complex particles. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Aderibigbe B, Aderibigbe I, Popoola P. Design and Biological Evaluation of Delivery Systems Containing Bisphosphonates. Pharmaceutics 2016; 9:E2. [PMID: 28035945 PMCID: PMC5374368 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates have found application in the treatment of reoccurrence of bone diseases, breast cancer, etc. They have also been found to exhibit antimicrobial, anticancer and antimalarial activities. However, they suffer from pharmacological deficiencies such as toxicity, poor bioavailability and low intestinal adsorption. These shortcomings have resulted in several researchers developing delivery systems that can enhance their overall therapeutic effectiveness. This review provides a detailed overview of the published studies on delivery systems designed for the delivery of bisphosphonates and the corresponding in vitro/in vivo results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa.
| | - Isiaka Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Patricia Popoola
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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Cattalini JP, Roether J, Hoppe A, Pishbin F, Haro Durand L, Gorustovich A, Boccaccini AR, Lucangioli S, Mouriño V. Nanocomposite scaffolds with tunable mechanical and degradation capabilities: co-delivery of bioactive agents for bone tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:065003. [PMID: 27767020 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/6/065003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel multifunctional nanocomposite scaffolds made of nanobioactive glass and alginate crosslinked with therapeutic ions such as calcium and copper were developed for delivering therapeutic agents, in a highly controlled and sustainable manner, for bone tissue engineering. Alendronate, a well-known antiresorptive agent, was formulated into microspheres under optimized conditions and effectively loaded within the novel multifunctional scaffolds with a high encapsulation percentage. The size of the cation used for the alginate crosslinking impacted directly on porosity and viscoelastic properties, and thus, on the degradation rate and the release profile of copper, calcium and alendronate. According to this, even though highly porous structures were created with suitable pore sizes for cell ingrowth and vascularization in both cases, copper-crosslinked scaffolds showed higher values of porosity, elastic modulus, degradation rate and the amount of copper and alendronate released, when compared with calcium-crosslinked scaffolds. In addition, in all cases, the scaffolds showed bioactivity and mechanical properties close to the endogenous trabecular bone tissue in terms of viscoelasticity. Furthermore, the scaffolds showed osteogenic and angiogenic properties on bone and endothelial cells, respectively, and the extracts of the biomaterials used promoted the formation of blood vessels in an ex vivo model. These new bioactive nanocomposite scaffolds represent an exciting new class of therapeutic cell delivery carrier with tunable mechanical and degradation properties; potentially useful in the controlled and sustainable delivery of therapeutic agents with active roles in bone formation and angiogenesis, as well as in the support of cell proliferation and osteogenesis for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Cattalini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, PC1113, Argentina
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Khajuria DK, Disha C, Razdan R, Mahapatra DR. [Additive effect of zoledronic acid and alfacalcidol in the treatment of disuse osteoporosis in rats]. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2014; 55:240-50. [PMID: 25440697 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disuse by bed rest, limb immobilization or space flight causes rapid bone loss. We conducted the present study to investigate the therapeutic effects of zoledronic acid (ZOL), alone and in combination with alfacalcidol (ALF) in a rat model of disuse osteoporosis. METHODS In the present study, 3-month-old male Wistar rats had their right hind-limb immobilized (RHLI) for 10 weeks to induce osteopenia, then were divided into four groups: 1- RHLI positive control; 2- RHLI plus ZOL (50 μg/kg, i.v. single dose); 3- RHLI plus ALF (0.5 μg/kg, oral gauge daily); 4- RHLI plus ALF (0.5 μg/kg, oral gauge daily) plus ZOL (50 μg/kg, i.v. single dose) for another 10 weeks. One group of non-immobilized rats was used as negative control. At the end of the treatment, the femurs were removed and tested for bone porosity, bone mechanical properties, and bone dry and ash weight. RESULTS Combination therapy with ZOL plus ALF was more effective in decreasing bone porosity than each drug administered as monotherapy in RHLI rats. With respect to improvement in the mechanical strength of the femoral mid-shaft, the combination treatment of ZOL plus ALF was more effective than each drug administered as a monotherapy. Moreover, combination therapy using ZOL plus ALF was more effective in improving dry bone and ash weight, than single-drug therapy using ZOL or ALF in RHLI rats. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that combination therapy with ZOL plus ALF represents a potentially useful therapeutic option for the treatment of disuse osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Khajuria
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Índia; Departamento de Engenharia Aeroespacial, Laboratório de Materiais e Sistemas de Engenharia Multiescala Integrada, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Índia.
| | - Choudhary Disha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Índia
| | - Rema Razdan
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Índia
| | - D Roy Mahapatra
- Departamento de Engenharia Aeroespacial, Laboratório de Materiais e Sistemas de Engenharia Multiescala Integrada, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Índia
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Torger B, Vehlow D, Urban B, Salem S, Appelhans D, Müller M. Cast adhesive polyelectrolyte complex particle films of unmodified or maltose-modified poly(ethyleneimine) and cellulose sulphate: fabrication, film stability and retarded release of zoledronate. Biointerphases 2013; 8:25. [PMID: 24706138 DOI: 10.1186/1559-4106-8-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone therapeutic drug zoledronate (ZOL) was loaded at and released by polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) particle films composed of either pure poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) or maltose-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI-M) and oppositely charged cellulose sulfate attached to model germanium (Ge) substrates by solution casting. Dispersions of colloidally stable polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) particles in the size range 11-141 nm were obtained by mixing PEI or PEI-M, CS and ZOL in defined stoichiometric ratios. TRANS-FTIR spectroscopy was used to determine the stability of the PEC films against detachment, in-situ-ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for the ZOL loss in the PEC film and UV-VIS spectroscopy for the ZOL enrichment of the release medium. Films of casted ZOL/CS/PEI-M or ZOL/CS/PEI particles were stable in contact to water, while films of the pure drug (ZOL) and of the binary systems ZOL/PEI-M or ZOL/PEI were not stable against detachment. Retarded releases of ZOL from various PEC films compared to the pure drug film were observed. The molecular weight of PEI showed a considerable effect on the initial burst (IB) of ZOL. No significant effect of the maltose modification of PEI-25 K on IB could be found. Generally, after one day the ZOL release process was finished for all measured ZOL/PEC samples and residual amounts of 0-30% were obtained. Surface adhesive drug loaded PEC particles are promising drug delivery systems to supply and release a defined amount of bone therapeutics and to functionalize bone substitution materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Torger
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research (IPF) Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany,
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Hu X, Neoh KG, Shi Z, Kang ET, Wang W. An in vitro assessment of fibroblast and osteoblast response to alendronate-modified titanium and the potential for decreasing fibrous encapsulation. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1919-30. [PMID: 23540949 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrous encapsulation can impair implant osseointegration and cause implant failure but currently there are limited strategies to address this problem. Since bisphosphonates (BPs), a class of drugs widely used to treat bone diseases, was recently found to induce fibroblast apoptosis, we hypothesize that by loading BPs on titanium (Ti) implant surface, fibrous encapsulation may be inhibited with simultaneous enhancement of implant osseointegration. This strategy of local administration can also be expected to minimize the adverse side effects of BPs, which are associated with intravenous injections. To verify this hypothesis, alendronate was loaded on Ti surface via a hydroxyapatite (CaP) coating, and the effects of the loaded alendronate on fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis, and osteoblast proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and apoptosis were investigated in vitro. With a surface density of loaded alendronate 0.046 mg/cm(2) or higher, fibroblast proliferation was suppressed due to increased apoptosis, while osteoblast proliferation and ALP activity increased with minimal apoptosis. In a coculture of fibroblasts and osteoblasts in a 1:1 ratio, ~60% of the cells on these alendronate-loaded substrates were osteoblasts 1 day after cell seeding. The percentage of osteoblasts increased to about 75% 4 days after cell seeding. These results suggest that fibroblasts and osteoblasts respond differently toward the alendronate-modified substrates, and this phenomenon can potentially be capitalized to reduce fibrous encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Lo KWH, Ashe KM, Kan HM, Laurencin CT. The role of small molecules in musculoskeletal regeneration. Regen Med 2013; 7:535-49. [PMID: 22817627 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The uses of bone morphogenetic proteins and parathyroid hormone therapeutics are fraught with several fundamental problems, such as cost, protein stability, immunogenicity, contamination and supraphysiological dosage. These downsides may effectively limit their more universal use. Therefore, there is a clear need for alternative forms of biofactors to obviate the drawbacks of protein-based inductive factors for bone repair and regeneration. Our group has studied small molecules with the capacity to regulate osteoblast differentiation and mineralization because their inherent physical properties minimize limitations observed in protein growth factors. For instance, in general, small molecule inducers are usually more stable, highly soluble, nonimmunogenic, more affordable and require lower dosages. Small molecules with the ability to induce osteoblastic differentiation may represent the next generation of bone regenerative medicine. This review describes efforts to develop small molecule-based biofactors for induction, paying specific attention to their novel roles in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W-H Lo
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Torger B, Müller M. In situ-ATR-FTIR analysis on the uptake and release of streptomycin from polyelectrolyte complex layers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 104:546-553. [PMID: 23353580 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In-situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and line shape analysis of the diagnostic spectral region was used to quantify the bound amount and release of the antibiotic streptomycin (STRP) at polyelectrolyte (PEL) multilayers (PEM) of poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or PEI and sodium alginate (ALG). Unlike common concepts based on the drug enrichment of the release medium, this analytical concept allowed to measure quantitatively the drug depletion in the delivery matrix. The measured kinetic in situ ATR-FTIR data were analysed by a modified Korsmeyer-Peppas equation based on two characteristic release parameters k and n. As main experimental parameters the number of PEL layers (adsorption steps) z and the STRP/PEL ratio were varied. For z=8 the STRP/PEL ratio showed the most significant influence on release kinetics, whereby for STRP/PEL=1:25 slowest (n=0.77) and lowest (k=21.4%) and for STRP/PEL=1:5 most rapid (n=0.30) and highest (k=58.6%) drug releases were found. PEM-PEI/ALG-8 (STRP/PEL=1:5) revealed slower release rates (n=0.58) and lower released STRP amounts (k=17.1%) compared to PEI/PAA. UV-VIS data on time dependent STRP enrichment of the release medium showed a similar trend compared to respective ATR-FTIR data on STRP depletion in PEM. Released amounts of around 1-2mg from the herein introduced PEM films could be determined. The introduced analytical concept will be used as screening tool for other drugs, drug eluting films and bone substituting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Torger
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Department Polyelectrolytes and Dispersions, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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Cattalini JP, Boccaccini AR, Lucangioli S, Mouriño V. Bisphosphonate-based strategies for bone tissue engineering and orthopedic implants. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2012; 18:323-40. [PMID: 22440082 PMCID: PMC3458621 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are a group of well-established drugs that are applied in the development of metabolic bone disorder-related therapies. There is increasing interest also in the application of BPs in the context of bone tissue engineering, which is the topic of this review, in which an extensive overview of published studies on the development and applications of BPs-based strategies for bone regeneration is provided with special focus on the rationale for the use of different BPs in three-dimensional (3D) bone tissue scaffolds. The different alternatives that are investigated to address the delivery and sustained release of these therapeutic drugs in the nearby tissues are comprehensively discussed, and the most significant published approaches on bisphosphonate-conjugated drugs in multifunctional 3D scaffolds as well as the role of BPs within coatings for the improved fixation of orthopedic implants are presented and critically evaluated. Finally, the authors' views regarding the remaining challenges in the fields and directions for future research efforts are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Cattalini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvia Lucangioli
- National Science Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Mouriño
- National Science Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ginebra MP, Canal C, Espanol M, Pastorino D, Montufar EB. Calcium phosphate cements as drug delivery materials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1090-110. [PMID: 22310160 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements are used as synthetic bone grafts, with several advantages, such as their osteoconductivity and injectability. Moreover, their low-temperature setting reaction and intrinsic porosity allow for the incorporation of drugs and active principles in the material. It is the aim of the present work to: a) provide an overview of the different approaches taken in the application of calcium phosphate cements for drug delivery in the skeletal system, and b) identify the most significant achievements. The drugs or active principles associated to calcium phosphate cements are classified in three groups, i) low molecular weight drugs; ii) high molecular weight biomolecules; and iii) ions.
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Cenni E, Avnet S, Granchi D, Fotia C, Salerno M, Micieli D, Sarpietro MG, Pignatello R, Castelli F, Baldini N. The effect of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-alendronate conjugate nanoparticles on human osteoclast precursors. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 23:1285-300. [PMID: 21781381 DOI: 10.1163/092050611x580373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) formed from polymers conjugated with bisphosphonates (BPs) allow the bone targeting of loaded drugs, such as doxorubicin, for the treatment of skeletal tumours. The additional antiosteoclastic effect of the conjugated BP could contribute to the inhibition of tumour-associated bone degradation. With this aim, we have produced NPs made of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) conjugated with alendronate (ALE). To show if ALE retained the antiosteoclastic properties after the conjugation with PLGA and the production of NPs, we treated human osteoclasts, derived from circulating precursors, with PLGA-ALE NPs and compared the effects on actin ring generation, apoptosis and type-I collagen degradation with those of free ALE and with NPs made of pure PLGA. PLGA-ALE NPs disrupted actin ring, induced apoptosis and inhibited collagen degradation. Unexpectedly, also NPs made of pure PLGA showed similar effects. Therefore, we cannot exclude that in addition to the observed antiosteoclastic activity dependent on ALE in PLGA-ALE NPs, there was also an effect due to pure PLGA. Still, as PLGA-ALE NPs are intended for the loading with drugs for the treatment of osteolytic bone metastases, the additional antiosteoclastic effect of PLGA-ALE NPs, and even of PLGA, may contribute to the inhibition of the disease-associated bone degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Cenni
- a Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Ortopedica e Medicina Rigenerativa, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , via di Barbiano 1/10 , 40136 , Bologna , Italy
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