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Szyk P, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Mlynarczyk DT, Ślusarska B, Kocki T, Ziegler-Borowska M, Goslinski T. Polymer-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems for Purines of Established Importance in Medicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2647. [PMID: 37836288 PMCID: PMC10574807 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Many purine derivatives are active pharmaceutical ingredients of significant importance in the therapy of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and viral infections. In many cases, their medical use is limited due to unfavorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. These problems can be overcome by the preparation of the prodrugs of purines or by combining these compounds with nanoparticles. Herein, we aim to review the scientific progress and perspectives for polymer-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for purines. Polymeric nanoparticles turned out to have the potential to augment antiviral and antiproliferative effects of purine derivatives by specific binding to receptors (ASGR1-liver, macrophage mannose receptor), increase in drug retention (in eye, intestines, and vagina), and permeation (intranasal to brain delivery, PEPT1 transport of acyclovir). The most significant achievements of polymer-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for purines were found for tenofovir disoproxil in protection against HIV, for acyclovir against HSV, for 6-mercaptopurine in prolongation of mice ALL model life, as well as for 6-thioguanine for increased efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells. Moreover, nanocarriers were able to diminish the toxic effects of acyclovir, didanosine, cladribine, tenofovir, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Barbara Ślusarska
- Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kocki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Ziegler-Borowska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Goslinski
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
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Galgano S, Conway L, Dalby N, Fellows A, Houdijk JGM. Encapsulated peracetic acid as a valid broad-spectrum antimicrobial alternative, leading to beneficial microbiota compositional changes and enhanced performance in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:83. [PMID: 37291646 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial alternatives are urgently needed, including for poultry production systems. In this study, we tested the potential broad-range antimicrobial alternative peracetic acid, delivered in feed via the hydrolysis of encapsulated precursors through a 28-day study using 375 Ross 308 broiler chickens. We tested two peracetic acid concentrations, 30 and 80 mg/kg on birds housed on re-used litter, and we evaluated the impact of both levels on gut microbial communities, bacterial concentration, antimicrobial resistance genes relative abundance and growth performance when compared to control birds housed on either clean or re-used litter. RESULTS Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio improved in peracetic acid fed birds. At d 28, birds given 30 mg/kg of peracetic acid had a decreased Firmicutes and an increased Proteobacteria abundance in the jejunum, accompanied by an increase in Bacillus, Flavonifractor and Rombustia in the caeca, and a decreased abundance of tetracycline resistance genes. Chicken given 80 mg/kg of peracetic acid had greater caecal abundance of macrolides lincosamides and streptogramins resistance genes. Growth performance on clean litter was reduced compared to re-used litter, which concurred with increased caecal abundance of Blautia, decreased caecal abundance of Escherichia/Shigella, Anaerostipes and Jeotgalicoccus, and greater gene abundance of vancomycin, tetracycline, and macrolides resistance genes. CONCLUSIONS Peracetic acid could be used as a safe broad-spectrum antimicrobial alternative in broilers. Encapsulated precursors were able to reduce the bacterial concentration in the jejunum whilst promoting the proliferation of probiotic genera in the caeca, especially at the low peracetic acid concentrations tested, and improve growth performance. Moreover, our findings offer further insights on potential benefits of rearing birds on re-used litter, suggesting that the latter could be associated with better performance and reduced antimicrobial resistance risk compared to clean litter rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Galgano
- Monogastric Science Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland, UK.
| | | | - Nikki Dalby
- Centre for Innovation Excellence in Livestock, York, UK
| | | | - Jos G M Houdijk
- Monogastric Science Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland, UK
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Bogdan C, Hales D, Cornilă A, Casian T, Iovanov R, Tomuță I, Iurian S. Texture analysis – a versatile tool for pharmaceutical evaluation of solid oral dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2023; 638:122916. [PMID: 37019322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, texture analysis (TA) has gained importance as a valuable method for the characterization of solid oral dosage forms. As a result, an increasing number of scientific publications describe the textural methods that evaluate the extremely diverse category of solid pharmaceutical products. Within the current work, the use of texture analysis in the characterization of solid oral dosage forms is summarised with a focus on the evaluation of intermediate and finished oral pharmaceutical products. Several texture methods are reviewed regarding the applications in mechanical characterization, and mucoadhesion testing, but also in estimating the disintegration time and in vivo specific features of oral dosage forms. As there are no pharmacopoeial standards for pharmaceutical products tested through texture analysis, and there are important differences between reported results due to different experimental conditions, the choice of testing protocol and parameters is challenging. Thereby, this work aims to guide the research scientists and quality assurance professionals involved in different stages of drug development into the selection of optimal texture methodologies depending on the product characteristics and quality control needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Bogdan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Hales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andreea Cornilă
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rareș Iovanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Tomuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Iurian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Jawed S, Cs S. Exploration of polymethacrylate and Hypromellose for the development of a non-sulfhydryl ACE inhibitor mucoadhesive system using Box-Behnken design: in-vitro and ex-vivo evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:115-128. [PMID: 36827197 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2184636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To counteract early morning pathology like hypertension a time-dependent release of the drug is required. This study is focused to formulate a pulsatile and mucoadhesive drug delivery system of an ACE inhibitor Perindopril Erbumine. METHOD Two matrix tablets were punched with Eudragit RSPO, Eudragit RLPO, and HPMC K15M using a 3-3-3 Box-Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology. Based on the design-optimized formulation P1T3 and P2T8 were coated for a lag time with compression coating of HPMC K4M and a blend of 1:1 ratio of ethylcellulose and carbopol polymer and further encapsulated in a Eudracap™ capsule to provide gastric resistance. RESULT The in-vitro release data confirmed an initial pause phase of 4.5 h then release of the drug for 5.2 ± 0.3 h to cope with the early morning rush in blood pressure. After that, a gap of 6 h and then sustained release of the drug for 10.5 ± 0.5 h. From the ex-vivo study, mucoadhesive strength was obtained as 55.13 ± 0.03 gm and 56.39 ± 0.02 gm for P1T3 and P2T8 respectively. The lag time for coated tablet P1T3 came to 2.15 ± 0.15 h and for P2T8 11.9 ± 0.10 h proving the coating efficiency of polymers. CONCLUSION The current study strongly suggests that perindopril Erbumine in association with Eudragit and Hypromellose polymer can open a path for the time-regulated release of the drug for hypertension chronotherapy with less risk of dose dumping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Jawed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PES University, Bangalore, India
| | - Satish Cs
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PES University, Bangalore, India
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Sethi S, Mangla B, Kamboj S, Rana V. A QbD approach for the fabrication of immediate and prolong buoyant cinnarizine tablet using polyacrylamide-g-corn fibre gum. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:350-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Augustine R, Ashkenazi DL, Arzi RS, Zlobin V, Shofti R, Sosnik A. Nanoparticle-in-microparticle oral drug delivery system of a clinically relevant darunavir/ritonavir antiretroviral combination. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:344-359. [PMID: 29723705 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanonizationhas been extensively investigated to increase theoral bioavailability of hydrophobicdrugsin general andantiretrovirals(ARVs)used inthe therapy of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in particular. Weanticipatedthatin the caseofprotease inhibitors, a family of pH-dependent ARVsthatdisplay high aqueous solubility undertheacidconditionsof thestomach andextremely low solubilityunder the neutral ones ofthe small intestine, this strategy might failowing to an uncontrolled dissolution-re-precipitation process that will take place along the gastrointestinal tract.To tackle thisbiopharmaceutical challenge, in this work, wedesigned, produced and fully characterized a novelNanoparticle-in-MicroparticleDelivery System(NiMDS)comprised of pure nanoparticlesofthefirst-line protease inhibitor darunavir(DRV) and itsboosting agentritonavir (RIT) encapsulated within film-coated microparticles.For this, a clinically relevant combination of pure DRV and RIT nanoparticles wassynthesized by a sequential nanoprecipitation/solvent diffusion and evaporation method employing sodium alginateas viscosity stabilizer. Then, pure nanoparticles were encapsulated within calcium alginate/chitosanmicroparticlesthat were film-coated with a series ofpoly(methacrylate) copolymers with differential solubility in the gastrointestinal tract. This coating ensured full stability under gastric-like pH and sustained drug release under intestinal one. PharmacokineticstudiesconductedinalbinoSpragueDawleyratsshowed that DRV/RIT-loadedNiMDSs containing 17% w/w drug loading based on dry weight significantlyincreasedthe oral bioavailabilityof DRVby 2.3-foldwith respect to both theunprocessedandthenanonized DRV/RIT combinations that showed statistically similar performance. Moreover, they highlighted the limited advantage of only drugnanonizationto improve the oral pharmacokinetics of protease inhibitors and the potential of our novel delivery approach to improve the oral pharmacokinetics of nanonized poorly water-soluble drugs displaying pH-dependent solubility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Protease inhibitors (PIs) are gold-standard drugs in many ARV cocktails. Darunavir (DRV) is the latest approved PI and it is included in the 20th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. PIs poorly-water soluble at intestinal pH and more soluble under gastric conditions. Drug nanonization represents one of the most common nanotechnology strategies to increase dissolution rate of hydrophobic drugs and thus, their oral bioavailability. For instance, pure drug nanosuspensions became the most clinically relevant nanoformulation. However, according to the physicochemical properties of PIs, nanonization does not appear as a very beneficial strategy due to the fast dissolution rate anticipated under the acid conditions of the stomach and their uncontrolled recrystallization and precipitation in the small intestine that might result in the formation of particles of unpredictable size and structure (e.g., crystallinity and polymorphism) and consequently, unknown dissolution rate and bioavailability. In this work, we developed a sequential nanoprecipitation method for the production of pure nanoparticles of DRV and its boosting agent ritonavir in a clinically relevant 8:1 wt ratio using alginate as viscosity stabilizer and used this nanosuspension to produce a novel kind of nanoparticle-in-microparticle delivery system that was fully characterized and the pharmacokinetics assessed in rats. The most significant points of the current manuscript are.
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Patra CN, Priya R, Swain S, Kumar Jena G, Panigrahi KC, Ghose D. Pharmaceutical significance of Eudragit: A review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Jiang WZ, Cai Y, Li HY. Chitosan-based spray-dried mucoadhesive microspheres for sustained oromucosal drug delivery. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Recent advances in delivery systems and therapeutics of cinnarizine: a poorly water soluble drug with absorption window in stomach. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2014; 2014:479246. [PMID: 25478230 PMCID: PMC4247907 DOI: 10.1155/2014/479246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Low solubility causing low dissolution in gastrointestinal tract is the major problem for drugs meant for systemic action after oral administration, like cinnarizine. Pharmaceutical products of cinnarizine are commercialized globally as immediate release preparations presenting low absorption with low and erratic bioavailability. Approaches to enhance bioavailability are widely cited in the literature. An attempt has been made to review the bioavailability complications and clinical therapeutics of poorly water soluble drug: cinnarizine. The interest of writing this paper is to summarize the pharmacokinetic limitations of drug with special focus on strategies to improvise bioavailability along with effectiveness of novel dosage forms to circumvent the obstacle. The paper provides insight to the approaches to overcome low and erratic bioavailability of cinnarizine by cyclodextrin complexes and novel dosage forms: self-nanoemulsifying systems and buoyant microparticulates. Nanoformulations need to systematically explored in future, for their new clinical role in prophylaxis of migraine attacks in children. Clinical reports have affirmed the role of cinnarizine in migraine prophylaxis. Research needs to be dedicated to develop dosage forms for efficacious bioavailability and drug directly to brain.
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Wang L, Tang W, Zhen Z, Chen H, Xie J, Zhao Q. Improving detection specificity of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using the SWIFT sequence with long T(2) suppression. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 32:671-8. [PMID: 24666573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the detection specificity of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) delivered to tumors, we embedded saturation pulses into the sweep imaging using Fourier transformation (SWIFT) sequence to suppress long T(2) tissues and fat. Simulation of the Bloch equation was first conducted to study behavior of the saturation pulses of various lengths under different T(2) and off-resonance conditions. MR experiments were then conducted using in vivo mouse xenografts and a phantom consisting of IONPs, vegetable oil, and explanted tumor specimen, without and with long T(2) suppression under a 7T magnetic field. For the in vivo study, arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) coated 10nm IONPs (RGD-IONPs) were delivered to tumors implanted in nude mice through both intra-tumor and intravenous injections. Histological studies confirmed that RGD-IONPs efficiently homed to tumors through RGD-integrin interaction. Compared to conventional SWIFT, the proposed method resulted in sufficient suppression on long T(2) species but less influence on short T(2) species. For both the in vivo and ex vivo studies, significantly improved contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was achieved between the IONPs and the long T(2) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luning Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, US; BioImaging Research Center (BIRC), University of Georgia, Athens, US
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, US
| | - Zipeng Zhen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, US
| | - Hongming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, US
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, US; BioImaging Research Center (BIRC), University of Georgia, Athens, US
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, US; BioImaging Research Center (BIRC), University of Georgia, Athens, US.
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