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Guy RH. Drug delivery to and through the skin. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:2032-2040. [PMID: 38837116 PMCID: PMC11208237 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Drug delivery technology has advanced significantly over >50 years, and has produced remarkable innovation, countless publications and conferences, and generations of talented and creative scientists. However, a critical review of the current state-of-the-art reveals that the translation of clever and sophisticated drug delivery technologies into products, which satisfy important, unmet medical needs and have been approved by the regulatory agencies, has - given the investment made in terms of time and money - been relatively limited. Here, this point of view is illustrated using a case study of technology for drug delivery into and through the skin and aims: to examine the historical development of this field and the current state-of-the-art; to understand why the translation of drug delivery technologies into products that improve clinical outcomes has been quite slow and inefficient; and to suggest how the impact of technology may be increased and the process of concept to approved product accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Guy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K..
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Huang K, Si Y, Guo C, Hu J. Recent advances of electrospun strategies in topical products encompassing skincare and dermatological treatments. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103236. [PMID: 38917594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
As the potential applications of electrospinning in healthcare continue to be explored, along with advancements in industrial-scale solutions and the emergence of portable electrospinning devices, some researchers have explored electrospinning technology in topical products, including its application in skincare, such as facial masks, beauty patches, sunscreen, and dermatological treatments for conditions like atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, skin cancer, etc. In this review, we first outline the fundamental principles of electrospinning and provide an overview of existing solutions for large-scale production and the components and functionalities of portable spinning devices. Based on the essential functionalities required for skincare products and the mechanisms and treatment methods for the aforementioned dermatological diseases, we summarize the potential advantages of electrospinning technology in these areas, including encapsulation, sustained release, large surface area, and biocompatibility, among others. Furthermore, considering the further commercialization and clinical development of electrospinning technology, we offer our insights on current challenges and future perspectives in these areas, including issues such as ingredients, functionality, residue concerns, environmental impact, and efficiency issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R 999077, China
| | - Yifan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R 999077, China
| | - Chunxia Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R 999077, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R 999077, China.
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Lee DH, Lim S, Kwak SS, Kim J. Advancements in Skin-Mediated Drug Delivery: Mechanisms, Techniques, and Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302375. [PMID: 38009520 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin-mediated drug delivery methods currently are receiving significant attention as a promising approach for the enhanced delivery of drugs through the skin. Skin-mediated drug delivery offers the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional drug delivery methods, including oral administration and intravenous injection. The challenges associated with drug permeation through layers of skin, which act as a major barrier, are explored, and strategies to overcome these limitations are discussed in detail. This review categorizes skin-mediated drug delivery methods based on the means of increasing drug permeation, and it provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and techniques associated with these methods. In addition, recent advancements in the application of skin-mediated drug delivery are presented. The review also outlines the limitations of ongoing research and suggests future perspectives of studies regarding the skin-mediated delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ha Lee
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lim
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kwak
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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Hamidi SP, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Khaksar S, Ghanbariasad A, Dehghanian AR, Dehghan A, Haddadi Z, Gorgin R, Farjam M, Alipanah H. Evaluation of the topical gel and oral administration of Punica Granatum Var Pleniflora on oral mucositis induced by 5-Fluorouracil in golden hamsters. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:225. [PMID: 37420236 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral mucositis (OM), an acute inflammation of the oral cavity, is a common complication in patients undergoing invasive myeloblastic chemotherapy or radiation therapy. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most effective therapeutic drugs, but one of the common side effects of 5-FU administration is OM. Unfortunately, no suitable treatment has been found, so far to control its side effects. Studies showed that herbal medicine like Punica granatum var pleniflora (PGP) has medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial and can be an alternative for the treatment of fungal infection. Accordingly, we decided to investigate the therapeutic effect of PGP in the treatment of OM caused by 5-FU in golden hamsters. METHODS Sixty male golden hamsters were divided into six main group. Chemotherapy with 5-FU at dose of 60 mg/kg was performed at a ten-day duration. Then, cheek pouches of the hamsters were scratched with an 18-gauge sterile needle to induce oral mucositis in animals. On the twelfth day, as a day of intensification of OM, treatment with PGP including topical gel with concentrations of 5% and 10% and oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract with doses of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg for three- and five-day therapeutic duration were separately started. Finally, samples of cheek pouches in hamsters were collected on 14th and 17th days and histopathologic score (HPS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were assayed. RESULTS A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in histopathologic score was observed in G10%-, P125-treated groups in comparison to the Ctrl group. Our data showed that treatment with G10% is more potent than P125-treated group. In contrast, histopathologic score in G10%, P125, and P250 treated groups demonstrated almost similar values On the 17th day. However, the levels of MDA and MPO in the treatment groups were enhanced compared with control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is possible that PGP can play protective role in the healing of tissue damage caused by chemotherapy with 5-FU due to the presence of its natural compounds and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sepideh Khaksar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbariasad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Surgical and Clinical Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Dehghanian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Azizallah Dehghan
- Surgical and Clinical Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Haddadi
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Roxana Gorgin
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- Surgical and Clinical Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hiva Alipanah
- Surgical and Clinical Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Dhimmar B, Pokale R, Rahamathulla M, Hani U, Alshahrani MY, Alshehri S, Shakeel F, Alam P, Osmani RAM, Patil AB. Newfangled Topical Film-Forming Solution for Facilitated Antifungal Therapy: Design, Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041003. [PMID: 36850286 PMCID: PMC9961451 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Luliconazole is a broad-spectrum topical antifungal agent that acts by altering the synthesis of fungi cell membranes. Literature suggests that the recurrence of fungal infection can be avoided by altering the pH of the site of infection. Studies have also suggested that fungi thrive by altering skin pH to be slightly acidic, i.e., pH 3-5. The current study is aimed to design, develop, characterize, and evaluate an alkaline pH-based antifungal spray solution for antifungal effects. Luliconazole was used as an antifungal agent and an alkaline spray was formulated for topical application by using Eudragit RS 100, propylene glycol (PG), water, sodium bicarbonate, and ethanol via solubilization method. Herein, sodium bicarbonate was used as an alkalizing agent. Based on DSC, FTIR, PXRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and rheological analysis outcomes, the drug (luliconazole) and polymer were found to be compatible. F-14 formulation containing 22% Eudragit RS 100 (ERS), 1.5% PG, and 0.25% sodium bicarbonate was optimized by adopting the quality by design approach by using design of experiment software. The viscosity, pH, drying time, volume of solution post spraying, and spray angle were, 14.99 ± 0.21 cp, 8 pH, 60 s, 0.25 mL ± 0.05 mL, and 80 ± 2, respectively. In vitro drug diffusion studies and in vitro antifungal trials against Candida albicans revealed 98.0 ± 0.2% drug diffusion with a zone of inhibition of 9 ± 0.12 mm. The findings of the optimized luliconazole topical film-forming solution were satisfactory, it was compatible with human skin, and depicted sustained drug release that suggests promising applicability in facilitated topical antifungal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Dhimmar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Pokale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyaz Ali M. Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (R.A.M.O.); (A.B.P.); Tel.: +91-9970366276 (R.A.M.O.); +91-9738678943 (A.B.P.)
| | - Amit B. Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (R.A.M.O.); (A.B.P.); Tel.: +91-9970366276 (R.A.M.O.); +91-9738678943 (A.B.P.)
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Wu S, Guo W, Li B, Zhou H, Meng H, Sun J, Li R, Guo D, Zhang X, Li R, Qu W. Progress of polymer-based strategies in fungal disease management: Designed for different roles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1142029. [PMID: 37033476 PMCID: PMC10073610 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases have posed a great challenge to global health, but have fewer solutions compared to bacterial and viral infections. Development and application of new treatment modalities for fungi are limited by their inherent essential properties as eukaryotes. The microorganism identification and drug sensitivity analyze are limited by their proliferation rates. Moreover, there are currently no vaccines for prevention. Polymer science and related interdisciplinary technologies have revolutionized the field of fungal disease management. To date, numerous advanced polymer-based systems have been developed for management of fungal diseases, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. In this review, we provide an overview of current needs and advances in polymer-based strategies against fungal diseases. We high light various treatment modalities. Delivery systems of antifungal drugs, systems based on polymers' innate antifungal activities, and photodynamic therapies each follow their own mechanisms and unique design clues. We also discuss various prevention strategies including immunization and antifungal medical devices, and further describe point-of-care testing platforms as futuristic diagnostic and monitoring tools. The broad application of polymer-based strategies for both public and personal health management is prospected and integrated systems have become a promising direction. However, there is a gap between experimental studies and clinical translation. In future, well-designed in vivo trials should be conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms and explore the efficacy as well as biosafety of polymer-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenlai Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huidong Zhou
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongqi Meng
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junyi Sun
- Changchun American International School, Changchun, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Orthpoeadic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Orhtopeadics, Changchun, China
| | - Deming Guo
- Orthpoeadic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Orhtopeadics, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zhang, ; Rui Li, ; Wenrui Qu,
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zhang, ; Rui Li, ; Wenrui Qu,
| | - Wenrui Qu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zhang, ; Rui Li, ; Wenrui Qu,
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Bakhrushina EO, Shumkova MM, Sergienko FS, Novozhilova EV, Demina NB. Spray Film-Forming systems as promising topical in situ Systems: A review. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:154-169. [PMID: 36685308 PMCID: PMC9845128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spray film-forming systems (SFFSs) provide great potential for the treatment of various types of wounds. Such systems afford to prolong the action of active substances, to prevent cross-contamination, and to ensure accelerated wound healing. Spray films are known since the mid-20th century, and nowadays they are widely used to treat minor skin injuries, but numerous clinical cases describe their successful use in the treatment of burns, wounds, bedsores, etc. The current level of polymer development and composite synthesis has greatly expanded the possibilities of creating compositions of spray film-forming systems. Scattered information and lack of standardization of such delivery systems creates difficulties for pharmaceutical development. This review highlights most of the existing requirements and suggestions from studies to standardize the characteristics of SFFSs and classify them based on scientific sources and regulatory documentation, as well as the position of such systems in the pharmaceutical market. The search and evaluation of known characterization methods and their modifications, as well as the approval of their list (separately for development and for standardization) can potentially increase the research interest in the problem of spray film-forming systems development and contribute to the registration of new drugs and medical devices in this promising dosage form, including with its own pharmacological effect.
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Zhang Y, Ma M, Chen L, Du X, Meng Z, Zhang H, Zheng Z, Chen J, Meng Q. A Biocompatible Liquid Pillar[n]arene-Based Drug Reservoir for Topical Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122621. [PMID: 36559115 PMCID: PMC9783689 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced external preparations that possess a sustained-release effect and integrate few irritant elements are urgently needed to satisfy the special requirements of topical administration in the clinic. Here, a series of liquid pillar[n]arene-bearing varying-length oligoethylene oxide chains (OEPns) were designed and synthesized. Following rheological property and biocompatibility investigations, pillar[6]arene with triethylene oxide substituents (TEP6) with satisfactory cavity size were screened as optimal candidate compounds. Then, a supramolecular liquid reservoir was constructed from host-guest complexes between TEP6 and econazole nitrate (ECN), an external antimicrobial agent without additional solvents. In vitro drug-release studies revealed that complexation by TEP6 could regulate the release rate of ECN and afford effective cumulative amounts. In vivo pharmacodynamic studies confirmed the formation of a supramolecular liquid reservoir contributed to the accelerated healing rate of a S. aureus-infected mouse wound model. Overall, these findings have provided the first insights into the construction of a supramolecular liquid reservoir for topical administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Mengke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Longming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xinbei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhibing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.M.)
| | - Junyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.M.)
| | - Qingbin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.M.)
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Yeoh SC, Loh PL, Murugaiyah V, Goh CF. Development and Characterisation of a Topical Methyl Salicylate Patch: Effect of Solvents on Adhesion and Skin Permeation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112491. [PMID: 36432686 PMCID: PMC9698037 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of skin patch formulation design and technology has enabled the commercialisation of methyl salicylate (MS) as a topical patch. However, the most fundamental aspect of skin permeation is unknown at present. The study aims to investigate the effect of solvent choice on the skin permeation of MS in a neat solvent system and patch formulation with an emphasis on patch adhesion. MS in six selected solvents (propylene glycol (PG), Transcutol®, isopropyl myristate, Labrasol®, Plurol® oleique CC 497 and Maisine® CC) was characterised and in vitro permeation studies were also performed. An ATR-FTIR analysis on solvent-treated skin was conudcted. Patch formulation was prepared and characterised for adhesion, in vitro drug release and skin permeation studies. The highest MS permeation was found in neat PG over 24 h (~90 μg/cm2) due to its strong skin protein conformation effect. Transcutol® and isopropyl myristate showed better skin deposition and formulation retention, respectively. Nevertheless, PG enhanced the patch adhesion despite having a lower cumulative amount of MS permeated (~80 μg/cm2) as compared with Transcutol® and Maisine® (~110-150 μg/cm2). These two solvents, however, demonstrated better skin deposition and formulation retention but a lower patch adhesion. The unpredictable influence of the solvent on patch adhesion highlights the importance of the trade-off between patch adhesion and skin permeation during formulation design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Chin Yeoh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Poh Lee Loh
- THP Medical Sdn Bhd, 1209, Jalan Perindustrian Bukit Minyak 18, Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Minyak, Simpang Ampat 14100, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Choon Fu Goh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Efatpanah A, Rabbani S, Talimi R, Mortazavi SA, Haeri A. Indomethacin Sustained-Release Anti-adhesion Membrane Composed of a Phospholipid and Polycaprolactone Blend. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e127353. [PMID: 36710990 PMCID: PMC9872549 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-127353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Postoperative peritoneal adhesions are among common challenging problems in surgery. The availability of limited efficient strategies to prevent intra-abdominal adhesion reinforces the need to explore new methods. Given the favorable prolonged drug release characteristics of polycaprolactone (PCL) films and their ability to act as a biodegradable physical barrier implant, along with the anti-inflammatory and anti-adhesion properties of indomethacin and phospholipids, this study hypothesized that indomethacin sustained-release membrane composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PCL blend could efficiently prevent abdominal adhesion formation. Methods Different polymeric and polymeric/lipidic hybrid formulations with three feeding materials to drug weight ratios were prepared, and their physicochemical characteristics and drug release kinetics were evaluated and compared. Abdominal adhesions were induced in 48 rats by the abrasion of the cecum and excision of a section of the opposite abdominal wall. Adhesion formation was evaluated by macroscopic scoring, histological, scanning electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction analyses. Results Both PCL and PCL-PC films exhibited sustained indomethacin release profiles. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed indomethacin incorporation in formulations in molecular dispersion form without any interaction. The films showed smooth surfaces and good mechanical properties. The treatment with indomethacin PCL-PC membrane significantly reduced the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen in the adhesion tissues. The separation of the injured peritoneum, very low adhesion scores, and complete mesothelial cell regeneration were also achieved. Conclusions This study suggests that indomethacin-eluting PCL-PC membrane acting through the combination of physical barrier, anti-inflammatory agents, and controlled drug delivery warrants an effective approach to prevent intra-abdominal adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrina Efatpanah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rozhin Talimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mortazavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2188200212,
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11
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Mo F, Zhang P, Li Q, Yang X, Ma J, Zhang J. Development and Evaluation of a Film Forming System Containing Myricetin and Miconazole Nitrate for Preventing Candida albicans Catheter-Related Infection. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:468-483. [PMID: 35451882 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Candida albicans catheter-related infection (CRI) is a great challenge in clinic now, mainly due to the difficulty in eradicating the biofilms. Purpose: In this study, the mechanism of the antibiofilm effect of myricetin (MY) on C. albicans was illustrated. A film forming system (FFS) containing MY and miconazole nitrate (MN) was developed, optimized, and evaluated. The anti-infection effect of MY+MN@FFS against C. albicans CRI was investigated in vivo. Study Design and Methods: To clarify the mechanism of the action of MY, the influence of MY on each key process of the formation of C. albicans biofilms was evaluated. To deliver MY and MN into the skin and form a drug reservoir on the surface of the skin, the FFS was used as a carrier and MY+MN@FFS was developed, optimized, and evaluated. After preliminary confirmation of drug safety, a percutaneously inserted C. albicans CRI mouse model was established to investigate the in vivo anti-infection effect of MY+MN@FFS by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy on the outer surface of the catheters, hematoxylin/eosin staining, and periodic acid-Schiff staining of the mice skin tissues. Results: MY was found to inhibit the morphological transition of C. albicans and the secretion of exopolysaccharides, resulting in a reduction in biofilms. MY+MN@FFS exhibited excellent properties and no irritation to mice skin. In an in vivo anti-infection study, MY+MN@FFS exhibited an excellent preventive effect against percutaneously inserted C. albicans CRI. Conclusion: MY+MN@FFS might be a potential approach for effectively preventing percutaneously inserted C. albicans CRI in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jia Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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12
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Film forming topical dermal spray of meloxicam attenuated pain and inflammation in carrageenan-induced paw oedema in Sprague Dawley rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Kapoor K, Gräfe N, Herbig ME. Topical film-forming solid solutions for enhanced dermal delivery of the retinoid tazarotene. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2779-2787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Timotijević MD, Ilić T, Savić S, Pantelić I. Simultaneous Physico-Mechanical and In Vivo Assessment towards Factual Skin Performance Profile of Topical Polymeric Film-Forming Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020223. [PMID: 35213956 PMCID: PMC8877452 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical film-forming systems (FFS) change drastically after solvent displacement, therefore indicating their skin metamorphosis/transformation as a property of special regulatory and research interest. This paper deals with the lack of suitable characterization techniques, suggesting a set of methods able to provide a comprehensive notion of FFS skin performance. After screening the physico-chemical, mechanical and sensory properties of FFS and resulting films, an elaborate three-phase in vivo study was performed, covering skin irritation, friction and substantivity. Upon removal of 24-hour occlusion, no significant change in erythema index was observed, while the film-former type (cellulose ether, acrylate and/or vinyl polymer) affected transepidermal water loss (TEWL); hydrophobic methacrylate copolymer-based samples decreased TEWL by 40–50%, suggesting a semi-occlusive effect. Although both the tribological parameters related to the friction coefficient and the friction curve’s plateau provided valuable data, their analysis indicated the importance of the moment the plateau is reached as the onset of the secondary formulation, while the tertiary state is still best described by the completion of the film’s drying time. The final part of the in vivo study proved the high in-use substantivity of all samples but confirmed the optimal 4:1 ratio of hydrophobic cationic and hydrophilic polymers, as indicated during early physico-mechanical screening.
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15
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Tabosa MAM, Cordery SF, Jane White KA, Bunge AL, Guy RH, Delgado-Charro MB. Skin pharmacokinetics of diclofenac and co-delivered functional excipients. Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121469. [PMID: 35031414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An important question in the development of a dermatological drug product is whether a target concentration has been achieved in, for example, the viable epidermis following topical administration. When attempting to address this challenge, it is essential to consider the role of excipients in the formulation that may influence drug partitioning and diffusion in the different layers of the skin. The objective, therefore, was to correlate, in human subjects, the skin pharmacokinetics of diclofenac (specifically, its uptake into and clearance from the stratum corneum (SC)) from an approved drug product (Voltaren® medicated plaster) with the in vivo co-uptake of two key excipients, namely propylene glycol and butylene glycol. SC sampling was used to assess diclofenac input into the skin during patch application, and its subsequent clearance post-removal of the delivery system. In parallel the uptake of the two glycol excipients was also measured. Drug and excipient amounts in the SC increased with time of application up to 6 h and, for diclofenac, no further increase was observed when the administration was prolonged to 12 h. When the plaster was removed after 6 h of wear, diclofenac cleared relatively slowly from the SC suggesting that drug binding with a slow off-rate had occurred. The results indicate that the optimisation of drug delivery from a topical formulation must take into account the disposition of key excipients and their impact on dermato-pharmacokinetics in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alice Maciel Tabosa
- University of Bath, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Sarah F Cordery
- University of Bath, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - K A Jane White
- University of Bath, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Annette L Bunge
- Colorado School of Mines, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Richard H Guy
- University of Bath, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - M Begoña Delgado-Charro
- University of Bath, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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16
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Van Gheluwe L, Munnier E, Kichou H, Kemel K, Mahut F, Vayer M, Sinturel C, Byrne HJ, Yvergnaux F, Chourpa I, Bonnier F. Confocal Raman Spectroscopic Imaging for Evaluation of Distribution of Nano-Formulated Hydrophobic Active Cosmetic Ingredients in Hydrophilic Films. Molecules 2021; 26:7440. [PMID: 34946526 PMCID: PMC8707231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Film-forming systems are highly relevant to the topical administration of active ingredients (AI) to the body. Enhanced contact with the skin can increase the efficacy of delivery and penetration during prolonged exposure. However, after the evaporation of volatile solvents to form a thin film, the distribution of the ingredient should remain homogenous in order to ensure the effectiveness of the formula. This is especially critical for the use of hydrophobic molecules that have poor solubility in hydrophilic films. In order to address this concern, hydroxyphenethyl esters (PHE) of Punica granatum seed oil were prepared as a nanosuspension stabilised by poloxamers (NanoPHE). NanoPHE was then added to a formulation containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a film forming agent, Glycerol as a plasticiser and an antimicrobial agent, SepicideTM HB. Despite their reliability, reference methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography are increasingly challenged due to the need for consumables and solvents, which is contrary to current concerns about green industry in the cosmetics field. Moreover, such methods fail to provide spatially resolved chemical information. In order to investigate the distribution of ingredients in the dried film, Confocal Raman imaging (CRI) coupled to Non-negatively Constrained Least Squares (NCLS) analysis was used. The reconstructed heat maps from a range of films containing systematically varying PHE concentrations highlighted the changes in spectral contribution from each of the ingredients. First, using NCLS scores it was demonstrated that the distributions of PVA, Glycerol, SepicideTM HB and PHE were homogenous, with respective relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.33%, 2.48%, 2.72% and 6.27%. Second, the respective relationships between ingredient concentrations in the films and their Raman responses, and the spectral abundance were established. Finally, a model for absolute quantification for PHE was be constructed using the percentage of spectral abundance. The prepared %w/w concentrations regressed against predicted %w/w concentrations, displaying high correlation (R2 = 0.995), while the Root Mean Squared Error (0.0869% w/w PHE) confirmed the precision of the analysis. The mean percent relative error of 3.75% indicates the accuracy to which the concentration in dried films could be determined, further supporting the suitability of CRI for analysis of composite solid film matrix. Ultimately, it was demonstrated that nanoformulation of hydrophobic PHE provides homogenous distribution in PVA based film-forming systems independent of the concentration of NanoPHE used in the formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Van Gheluwe
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (L.V.G.); (E.M.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Emilie Munnier
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (L.V.G.); (E.M.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Hichem Kichou
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (L.V.G.); (E.M.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Kamilia Kemel
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (L.V.G.); (E.M.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Frédéric Mahut
- UMR CNRS 7374-Université d’Orléans ICMN, 45071 Orléans, France; (F.M.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Marylène Vayer
- UMR CNRS 7374-Université d’Orléans ICMN, 45071 Orléans, France; (F.M.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Christophe Sinturel
- UMR CNRS 7374-Université d’Orléans ICMN, 45071 Orléans, France; (F.M.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Hugh J. Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, TU Dublin, City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland;
| | | | - Igor Chourpa
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (L.V.G.); (E.M.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Franck Bonnier
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (L.V.G.); (E.M.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (I.C.)
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17
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R. M. Machado G, Inácio LAM, Berlitz SJ, Pippi B, Kulkamp‐Guerreiro IC, Lavorato SN, Alves RJ, Andrade SF, Fuentefria AM. A Film‐Forming System Hybridized with a Nanostructured Chloroacetamide Derivative for Dermatophytosis Treatment. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella R. M. Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Luiz A. M. Inácio
- Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Simone J. Berlitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Bruna Pippi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Irene C. Kulkamp‐Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica e Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Stefânia N. Lavorato
- Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia Barreiras Brazil
| | - Ricardo J. Alves
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Saulo F. Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alexandre M. Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente e Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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18
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Pünnel LC, Lunter DJ. Film-Forming Systems for Dermal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070932. [PMID: 34201668 PMCID: PMC8308977 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Film-forming formulations represent a novel form of sustained release dermatic products. They are applied to the skin as a liquid or semi-solid preparation. By evaporation of the volatile solvent on the skin, the polymer contained in the formulation forms a solid film. Various film-forming formulations were tested for their water and abrasion resistance and compared with conventional semi-solid formulations. Penetration and permeation studies of the formulations indicate a potential utility as transdermal therapeutic systems. They can be used as an alternative to patch systems to administer a variety of drugs in a topical way and may provide sustained release characteristics.
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19
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PLGA based film forming systems for superficial fungal infections treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 163:105855. [PMID: 33872699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As proven in clinical trials, superficial fungal infections can be effectively treated by single topical application of terbinafine hydrochloride (Ter-HCl) in a film forming system (FFS). Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) derivatives, originally synthesized with intention to get carriers with optimized properties for drug delivery, and multifunctional plasticizers - ethyl pyruvate, methyl salicylate, or triacetin - were used for formulation of Ter-HCl loaded FFSs. After spraying, a biodegradable, transparent, adhesive, and occlusive thin layer is formed on the skin, representing drug depot. In situ formed films were characterized by thermal, structural, viscoelastic, and antifungal properties as well as drug release and skin penetration. DSC and SEM showed fully amorphous films with Ter-HCl dissolved in PLGA in high concentration (up to 15%). FFSs are viscoelastic fluids with viscosity which can be easily adjusted by the type of plasticizer used and its concentration. The formulations showed excellent bioadhesion properties, thus ensuring persistence on the skin. In situ film based on branched PLGA/A plasticized with 10% of ethyl pyruvate allowed prolonged release of Ter-HCl by linear kinetics for the first 6 days with a total time of almost 14 days. During ex vivo human skin penetration experiment, Ter-HCl was found to be located only in its target layer, the epidermis. According to our results, plasticized branched PLGA derivatives loaded by Ter-HCl are suitable for the development of FFSs for superficial fungal infections treatment.
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20
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Van Bocxlaer K, McArthur KN, Harris A, Alavijeh M, Braillard S, Mowbray CE, Croft SL. Film-Forming Systems for the Delivery of DNDI-0690 to Treat Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:516. [PMID: 33918099 PMCID: PMC8069359 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), parasites reside in the dermis, creating an opportunity for local drug administration potentially reducing adverse effects and improving treatment adherence compared to current therapies. Polymeric film-forming systems (FFSs) are directly applied to the skin and form a thin film as the solvent evaporates. In contrast to conventional topical dosage forms, FFSs strongly adhere to the skin, favouring sustained drug delivery to the affected site, reducing the need for frequent applications, and enhancing patient compliance. This study reports the first investigation of the use of film-forming systems for the delivery of DNDI-0690, a nitroimidazole compound with potent activity against CL-causing Leishmania species. A total of seven polymers with or without plasticiser were evaluated for drying time, stickiness, film-flexibility, and cosmetic attributes; three FFSs yielded a positive evaluation for all test parameters. The impact of each of these FFSs on the permeation of the model skin permeant hydrocortisone (hydrocortisone, 1% (w/v) across the Strat-M membrane was evaluated, and the formulations resulting in the highest and lowest permeation flux (Klucel LF with triethyl citrate and Eudragit RS with dibutyl sebacate, respectively) were selected as the FFS vehicle for DNDI-0690. The release and skin distribution of the drug upon application to Leishmania-infected and uninfected BALB/c mouse skin were examined using Franz diffusion cells followed by an evaluation of the efficacy of both DNDI-0690 FFSs (1% (w/v)) in an experimental CL model. Whereas the Eudragit film resulted in a higher permeation of DNDI-0690, the Klucel film was able to deposit four times more drug into the skin, where the parasite resides. Of the FFSs formulations, only the Eudragit system resulted in a reduced parasite load, but not reduced lesion size, when compared to the vehicle only control. Whereas drug delivery into the skin was successfully modulated using different FFS systems, the FFS systems selected were not effective for the topical application of DNDI-0690. The convenience and aesthetic of FFS systems alongside their ability to modulate drug delivery to and into the skin merit further investigation using other promising antileishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Bocxlaer
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Kerri-Nicola McArthur
- Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Services Ltd., London EC2V 8AU, UK; (K.-N.M.); (A.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Andy Harris
- Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Services Ltd., London EC2V 8AU, UK; (K.-N.M.); (A.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Mo Alavijeh
- Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Services Ltd., London EC2V 8AU, UK; (K.-N.M.); (A.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Stéphanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.B.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Charles E. Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.B.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Simon L. Croft
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
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21
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Nguyen KT, Tran PHL, Ngo HV, Tran TTD. Film-Forming Nanogels: Effects of Nanocarriers and Film-Forming Gel on the Sustained Release of Curcumin. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:658-666. [PMID: 32264815 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200407124020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although film-forming hydrogels possess the advantages of both film and hydrogel dosage forms, certain limitations still remain. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the use of film-forming hydrogels and the effects of nanocarriers on the sustained release of a poorly water-soluble drug, curcumin. METHODS The film-forming hydrogels contained either zein or polyvinylpyrrolidone as a film former, in addition to hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, oleic acid, ethanol and water. Curcumin was encapsulated in poly(lacticco- glycolic acid) and gelatine nanoparticles using a sonoprecipitation method. Free drug and drug-loaded nanoparticles were later dispersed into blank hydrogels to produce the film-forming nanogels. RESULTS The results suggested that the encapsulation of curcumin in nanoparticles could reduce the drug particle size to less than 200nm for easier diffusion and could shield curcumin from chemical interactions that limit its topical permeability. Curcumin was more compatible with gelatine nanoparticles than with poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) nanoparticles, and gelatine nanoparticles, in turn, were more compatible with zein than with polyvinylpyrrolidone film-forming nanogels. Therefore, gelatine nanoparticles in zein film-forming nanogels greatly elevated the permeability of curcumin by over five times that afforded by gelatine nanoparticles in polyvinylpyrrolidone film-forming nanogels. CONCLUSION This research suggested that film-forming nanogel is a promising drug delivery system for both improved permeability and sustained topical diffusion of the extremely hydrophobic drug curcumin depending on the compatibility between the nanocarrier and the film-forming hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh T Nguyen
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Hai V Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Thao T D Tran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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22
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Umar AK, Butarbutar M, Sriwidodo S, Wathoni N. Film-Forming Sprays for Topical Drug Delivery. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2909-2925. [PMID: 32884234 PMCID: PMC7434377 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s256666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Film-forming sprays offer many advantages compared to conventional topical preparations because they can provide uniform drug distribution and dose, increased bioavailability, lower incidence of irritation, continuous drug release, and accelerated wound healing through moisture control. Film-forming sprays consist of polymers and excipients that improve the characteristics of preparations and enhance the stability of active substances. Each type of polymer and excipient will produce films with different features. Therefore, the various types of polymers and excipients and their evaluation standards need to be examined for the development of a more optimal form of film-forming spray. The selected literature included research on polymers as film-forming matrices and the application of these sprays for medical purposes or for potential medical use. This article discusses the types and concentrations of polymers and excipients, sprayer types, evaluations, and critical parameters in determining the sprayability and film characteristics. The review concludes that both natural and synthetic polymers that have in situ film or viscoelastic properties can be used to optimise topical drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Kakhar Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Maria Butarbutar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
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23
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Keshavarzi F, Zajforoushan Moghaddam S, Barré Pedersen M, Østergaard Knudsen N, Jafarzadeh S, Thormann E. Water vapor permeation through topical films on a moisture‐releasing skin Model. Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:153-162. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Keshavarzi
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
- Riemann A/S Orkla Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Esben Thormann
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
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24
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Development of topical natural based film forming system loaded propolis from stingless bees for wound healing application. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Vaz MB, Vitorino C, Sousa JJS. Safe-by-design development of a topical patch for drug delivery. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000118629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Vitorino
- University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), Portugal; University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João J. S. Sousa
- University of Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Development and evaluation of a film-forming system hybridized with econazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced antifungal activity against dermatophytes. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:507-518. [PMID: 31629894 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of skin infection by dermatophytes is still limited, and the application of conventional topical formulations (ointments, creams, etc.) cause patient discomfort due to repeated administration and low efficacy. This study describes the film-forming system (FFS) hybridized with econazole (ECO)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for enhanced antifungal activity against dermatophytes. We assumed that the application of NLC could effectively increase the skin permeability of ECO, thereby suppressing the growth of dermatophytes in stratum corneum as well as in epidermis. Meanwhile, ECO-NLC hybrid FFS (ECO-NLC@FFS) could increase the adhesion of ECO-NLC to the skin and prolong the antifungal activity of ECO. First, we optimized ECO-NLC, which shows nanosized particle (199 nm), high encapsulation efficiency (92.5%), and biocompatibility. ECO-NLC@FFS formed a transparent, homogeneous, and hard-to-remove film after topical application. In vitro skin permeation and deposition studies demonstrated that ECO-NLC@FFS showed 1.5-fold higher skin permeation and 3-fold higher ECO deposition in the epidermis layer than a commercial product, which resulted from the nanosized particle and its occlusion effect. And, ex vivo and in vivo antifungal activity studies confirmed that ECO-NLC@FFS improved the skin adhesion of ECO-NLC, thereby allowing ECO to be continuously exposed to the infection sited and reducing the number of applications with a single dose. These results showed that this hybrid system could be a potential for effectively improving the efficacy of antifungal agents and the patient compliance in the treatment of dermatophytes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Treatment of skin infection by dermatophytes is difficult due to the inconvenience and low efficacy of conventional topical formulations. Here, we demonstrated the potential of a film-forming system (FFS) hybridized with nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). First, we confirmed that the enhanced skin permeability of drug was improved by NLC. In addition, the hybridization of NLC with FFS improved the skin adhesion of NLC, allowing the drug to exhibit a sustained release profile and prolong antifungal activity. Given the maximized antifungal activity, this hybrid system can be used as a potential pharmaceutical technique to improve patient convenience and achieve complete treatment of skin infection.
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Kis N, Kovács A, Budai-Szűcs M, Gácsi A, Csányi E, Csóka I, Berkó S. Investigation of Silicone-Containing Semisolid in Situ Film-Forming Systems Using QbD Tools. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E660. [PMID: 31817871 PMCID: PMC6956232 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our research work was to develop dermally applicable, semisolid film-forming systems (FFSs) containing silicones, which form a film on the skin in situ, with suitable mechanical properties for skin application. FFSs were developed and investigated by means of the Quality by Design (QbD) methodology. With this QbD approach, the initial risk assessment defines the critical quality attributes (CQAs), the critical material attributes (CMAs) and the critical process parameters (CPPs) to ensure the required quality. Different semisolid systems were formed with or without silicones. During the initial risk assessment, three CQAs, namely skin adhesion, film flexibility and burst strength, were found to be critical attributes, while film appearance, film integrity and the drying time of the semisolid system, were found to be medium attributes. These parameters were investigated. The initial risk assessment also showed that there are three high CMAs: the type of silicones, film-forming excipients, drying excipients, and that there was one medium CMA: viscosity-enhancing excipients. Based on our results, the silicone content had a great effect on the film-forming systems. Different silicones affected the mechanical properties of the films in varying ways, decreased the drying time and showed promising results regarding the drying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (N.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.-S.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (I.C.)
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Ngo HV, Tran PHL, Lee BJ, Tran TTD. Development of film-forming gel containing nanoparticles for transdermal drug delivery. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:415102. [PMID: 31261146 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite several studies on film-forming systems with the advantages of both the film and the hydrogel, there are still no effective systems for fast film formation with a high level of control over permeability. In this study, a film-forming system for the delivery of nanomedicine, termed a film-forming nanogel (FFN), was produced and investigated for the first time to meet this need. The objective of this research was to study a new generation of film-forming hydrogels (FFHs) loaded with curcumin nanoparticles (CUR-GNPs) for transdermal applications. FFHs were prepared by employing zein and HPMC 4000 as film-forming polymers. Meanwhile, CUR-GNPs were obtained by sonoprecipitation. The film-forming time, particle characteristics and FFN drug release profile were assessed. The optimized FFH had a smooth surface and a fast drying time of 6 min and 4.5 min in vitro and ex vivo, respectively. Additionally, high, sustained drug permeation from the FFN was observed after 24 h. The FFH containing CUR-GNPs showed potential for application in transdermal drug delivery with a fast film-forming time, uniform particle dispersion and high, sustained drug permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai V Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Tran TTD, Tran PHL. Controlled Release Film Forming Systems in Drug Delivery: The Potential for Efficient Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E290. [PMID: 31226748 PMCID: PMC6630634 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many available approaches for transdermal drug delivery, patient compliance and drug targeting at the desired concentration are still concerns for effective therapies. Precise and efficient film-forming systems provide great potential for controlling drug delivery through the skin with the combined advantages of films and hydrogels. The associated disadvantages of both systems (films and hydrogels) will be overcome in film-forming systems. Different strategies have been designed to control drug release through the skin, including changes to film-forming polymers, plasticizers, additives or even model drugs in formulations. In the current review, we aim to discuss the recent advances in film-forming systems to provide the principles and review the methods of these systems as applied to controlled drug release. Advances in the design of film-forming systems open a new generation of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao T D Tran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Machado GDRM, Fernandes de Andrade S, Pippi B, Bergamo VZ, Jacobus Berlitz S, Lopes W, Lavorato SN, Clemes Külkamp Guerreiro I, Vainstein MH, Teixeira ML, Alves RJ, Fuentefria AM. Chloroacetamide derivatives as a promising topical treatment for fungal skin infections. Mycologia 2019; 111:612-623. [PMID: 31204895 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1620550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal potential of 11 chloroacetamide derivatives and derivative incorporated into a film-forming system (FFS) as a potential alternative for the topical treatment of superficial and skin mycoses. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) evaluation followed Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols M27-A3 (Candida) and M28-A2 (dermatophytes). Compounds 2, 3, and 4 were the most effective against Candida species (MIC range: 25-50 µg/mL) and dermatophytes (MIC range: 3.12-50 µg/mL). Compound 2 maintained its antifungal activity when incorporated in a FFS, with MIC values equivalent to the free compound. In addition, the compound does not act through complexation with ergosterol, suggesting that it may act on other targets of the fungal cell membrane. Chloroacetamide derivatives presented anti-Candida and anti-dermatophytic effectiveness. The FFS containing compound 2 has shown to be superior to traditional topical treatment of superficial and cutaneous fungal infections. It was found that these new chemical entities, with their applicability, are an excellent alternative to the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella da Rosa Monte Machado
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , 90640-000, Rua São Luís, 154 Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Bruna Pippi
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Zafaneli Bergamo
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Simone Jacobus Berlitz
- b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , 90640-000, Rua São Luís, 154 Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - William Lopes
- c Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Stefânia Neiva Lavorato
- d Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Irene Clemes Külkamp Guerreiro
- b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , 90640-000, Rua São Luís, 154 Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | | | - Mário Lettieri Teixeira
- e Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Concórdia , Concórdia , Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Alves
- d Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , 90640-000, Rua São Luís, 154 Porto Alegre , Brazil
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Abstract
AIM We compared the performances of two different commercial products both based on betamethasone and an antibiotic but using different pharmaceutical vehicles: a polymer and lipid-enriched cream and a conventional oil-in-water emulsion. METHODOLOGY Evaluation was conducted on a reconstructed human epidermis model. Moreover, skin barrier properties and cutaneous hydration of the two vehicles were evaluated on 20 human healthy volunteers. RESULTS Overall, the polymer and lipid-enriched formulation works as a film-forming product that retains the therapeutic agent for a long time, ensuring its penetration and absorption through the skin, and promoting skin hydration. CONCLUSION The above characteristics are useful in the clinical setting, especially in the context of eczematous diseases with a strong xerotic component.
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Gennari CGM, Selmin F, Minghetti P, Cilurzo F. Medicated Foams and Film Forming Dosage Forms as Tools to Improve the Thermodynamic Activity of Drugs to be Administered Through the Skin. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:461-471. [PMID: 30657040 PMCID: PMC6637090 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190118124439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Medicated foams and film forming systems are dosage forms formulated to undergo a con-trolled metamorphosis when applied on the skin. Indeed, due to the presence of propellant or a particular air-spray foam pump, a liquid can generate foam when applied on the stratum corneum, or a liquid or conventional dosage form can form on the skin a continuous film as a consequence of the solvent evapora-tion. Thanks to these controlled modifications, the drug thermodynamic activity increases favoring the skin penetration and, therefore, the bioavailability with respect to conventional semi-solid and liquid dosage forms. Furthermore, the available clinical data also evidence that these dosage forms improve the patient’s compliance. The main formulative aspects of medicated foams and film forming systems are reviewed with the aim to underline the possible advantages in terms of biopharmaceutical performances and pa-tient’s adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara G M Gennari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo, 71 - 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Selmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo, 71 - 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Minghetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo, 71 - 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo, 71 - 20133 Milan, Italy
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Khattab A, Shalaby S. Optimized Ciclopirox-Based Eudragit RLPO Nail Lacquer: Effect of Endopeptidase Enzyme as Permeation Enhancer on Transungual Drug Delivery and Efficiency Against Onychomycosis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1048-1060. [PMID: 29138987 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of our investigation were to develop and optimize ciclopirox (CPX) nail lacquer using nonbiodegradable Eudragit RLPO (E-RLPO) as a film former and to assess its penetration efficiency across the human nail plate. Preliminary trials such as hydration enhancement factor (HEF), a retained drug in the nail plate, and SEM were studied to select the optimized permeation enhancer to be incorporated in the optimized lacquer formulation. A 33 full factorial design was built up to study the effect of three different factors, concentration of E-RLPO (10, 20, and 30%), Tween 80 (0.25, 0.5, and 1%), and triacetin (0, 10, and 30% of polymer weight). The studied responses were the drying time, water resistance, viscosity, and drug release up to 4 h. An ex vivo permeation study for the optimized formulations was carried out. The preliminary study aided the selection of 5% papain (endopeptidase enzyme) as a penetration enhancer; it showed the highest HEF of 15.27%, the highest amount of drug retained in the nail plate (886.2 μg/g). An ex vivo permeation study guided the selection of F4B (flux value of 3.79 μg/cm2/h) as optimized formulation. The optimized lacquer formula showed threefold increases in the permeation than the marketed CPX lacquer (Batrafen®). Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed the higher intensity of the Rhodamine B dye across the nail plate in the case of the formula containing papain than the marketed formula without papain. Conclusively, an efficient and stable nail lacquer was developed for potential transungual delivery of CPX to target the drug to the nail bed and ensure efficiency against onychomycosis.
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A glimpse in critical attributes to design cutaneous film forming systems based on ammonium methacrylate. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kathe K, Kathpalia H. Film forming systems for topical and transdermal drug delivery. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 12:487-497. [PMID: 32104362 PMCID: PMC7032117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is considered as an important route of administration of drugs for both local and systemic effects. The effectiveness of topical therapy depends on the physicochemical properties of the drug and adherence of the patient to the treatment regimen as well as the system's ability to adhere to skin during the therapy so as to promote drug penetration through the skin barrier. Conventional formulations for topical and dermatological administration of drugs have certain limitations like poor adherence to skin, poor permeability and compromised patient compliance. For the treatment of diseases of body tissues and wounds, the drug has to be maintained at the site of treatment for an effective period of time. Topical film forming systems are such developing drug delivery systems meant for topical application to the skin, which adhere to the body, forming a thin transparent film and provide delivery of the active ingredients to the body tissue. These are intended for skin application as emollient or protective and for local action or transdermal penetration of medicament for systemic action. The transparency is an appreciable feature of this polymeric system which greatly influences the patient acceptance. In the current discussion, the film forming systems are described as a promising choice for topical and transdermal drug delivery. Further the various types of film forming systems (sprays/solutions, gels and emulsions) along with their evaluation parameters have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashmira Kathe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Chembur, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400074, India
| | - Harsha Kathpalia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Chembur, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400074, India
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Effect of Film-Forming Polymers on Release of Naftifine Hydrochloride from Nail Lacquers. INT J POLYM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/1476270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful topical therapy of onychomycosis depends on effective drug release and penetration into nail, which can be achieved by using an adequately developed delivery system. This study evaluated and compared effect of film-forming polymers Eudragit RL100, Eudragit RS100, and ethyl cellulose on naftifine hydrochloride release from experimental nail lacquer formulations. Quality of formulations was evaluated by determining drying time and water resistance. Interactions between active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipients were investigated using microcalorimetry and FT-IR. Optimization of nail lacquer formulations was performed by naftifine hydrochloride release testing. Release of naftifine hydrochloride increased with increasing concentration of Eudragit RL100. Plasticizer triacetin affected the release of naftifine hydrochloride, when Eudragit RS100 polymer was used. Ethyl cellulose polymer was determined to be not applicable for naftifine hydrochloride nail lacquer formulations. Two compositions of nail lacquers were optimized and could be used in further development of transungual delivery systems.
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