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Yu J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ran R, Kong Z, Zhao D, Liu M, Zhao W, Cui Y, Hua Y, Gao L, Zhang Z, Yang Y. Smart nanogels for cancer treatment from the perspective of functional groups. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1329311. [PMID: 38268937 PMCID: PMC10806105 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1329311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer remains a significant health challenge, with chemotherapy being a critical treatment modality. However, traditional chemotherapy faces limitations due to non-specificity and toxicity. Nanogels, as advanced drug carriers, offer potential for targeted and controlled drug release, improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects. Methods: This review summarizes the latest developments in nanogel-based chemotherapy drug delivery systems, focusing on the role of functional groups in drug loading and the design of smart hydrogels with controlled release mechanisms. We discuss the preparation methods of various nanogels based on different functional groups and their application in cancer treatment. Results: Nanogels composed of natural and synthetic polymers, such as chitosan, alginate, and polyacrylic acid, have been developed for chemotherapy drug delivery. Functional groups like carboxyl, disulfide, and hydroxyl groups play crucial roles in drug encapsulation and release. Smart hydrogels have been engineered to respond to tumor microenvironmental cues, such as pH, redox potential, temperature, and external stimuli like light and ultrasound, enabling targeted drug release. Discussion: The use of functional groups in nanogel preparation allows for the creation of multifunctional nanogels with high drug loading capacity, controllable release, and good targeting. These nanogels have shown promising results in preclinical studies, with enhanced antitumor effects and reduced systemic toxicity compared to traditional chemotherapy. Conclusion: The development of smart nanogels with functional group-mediated drug delivery and controlled release strategies represents a promising direction in cancer therapy. These systems offer the potential for improved patient outcomes by enhancing drug targeting and minimizing adverse effects. Further research is needed to optimize nanogel design, evaluate their safety and efficacy in clinical trials, and explore their potential for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Yu
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Ran
- Department of Anesthesia, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zixiao Kong
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Duoyi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minda Liu
- Department of Oral-maxillofacial Head and Neck, Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianbo Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingxin Yang
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Sergeev AV, Rudyak VY, Kozhunova EY, Chertovich AV, Khokhlov AR. Theoretical Study of Microgel Functional Groups' Mobility. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:11083-11090. [PMID: 38095423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Polymer microgels, micrometer-sized cross-linked polymer particles, are considered to be a promising type of advanced materials for a wide range of applications. To enhance the microgels' applicability, it is essential to incorporate various functional groups into a microparticle polymer network. Yet, the availability of functional groups for the interaction with surroundings depends strongly on the properties of the polymer network and has a great impact on further effective usage. In this theoretical study, we address this question and, with the help of coarse-grained molecular dynamics computer simulations, assess the segmental mobility and accessibility of functional groups bound to polymer network depending on microgel architecture and solvent quality. Additionally, we evaluate the minimum number of functional groups needed to facilitate the hopping mechanism between the functional groups (i.e., charge transfer). As an example of practical implementation of the obtained results, we estimate the optimal network topology for redox-active microgels to provide the maximum charge capacity for the dispersion electrolyte in redox-flow batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Sergeev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - V Yu Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - E Yu Kozhunova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A V Chertovich
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A R Khokhlov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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3
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Gupta M, Levine SR, Spitale RC. Probing Nascent RNA with Metabolic Incorporation of Modified Nucleosides. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2647-2659. [PMID: 36073807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of previously unknown functional roles of RNA in biological systems has led to increased interest in revealing novel RNA molecules as therapeutic targets and the development of tools to better understand the role of RNA in cells. RNA metabolic labeling broadens the scope of studying RNA by incorporating of unnatural nucleobases and nucleosides with bioorthogonal handles that can be utilized for chemical modification of newly synthesized cellular RNA. Such labeling of RNA provides access to applications including measurement of the rates of synthesis and decay of RNA, cellular imaging for RNA localization, and selective enrichment of nascent RNA from the total RNA pool. Several unnatural nucleosides and nucleobases have been shown to be incorporated into RNA by endogenous RNA synthesis machinery of the cells. RNA metabolic labeling can also be performed in a cell-specific manner, where only cells expressing an essential enzyme incorporate the unnatural nucleobase into their RNA. Although several discoveries have been enabled by the current RNA metabolic labeling methods, some key challenges still exist: (i) toxicity of unnatural analogues, (ii) lack of RNA-compatible conjugation chemistries, and (iii) background incorporation of modified analogues in cell-specific RNA metabolic labeling. In this Account, we showcase work done in our laboratory to overcome these challenges faced by RNA metabolic labeling.To begin, we discuss the cellular pathways that have been utilized to perform RNA metabolic labeling and study the interaction between nucleosides and nucleoside kinases. Then we discuss the use of vinyl nucleosides for metabolic labeling and demonstrate the low toxicity of 5-vinyluridine (5-VUrd) compared to other widely used nucleosides. Next, we discuss cell-specific RNA metabolic labeling with unnatural nucleobases, which requires the expression of a specific phosphoribosyl transferase (PRT) enzyme for incorporation of the nucleobase into RNA. In the course of this work, we discovered the enzyme uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS), which is responsible for nonspecific labeling with modified uracil nucleobases. We were able to overcome this background labeling by discovering a mutant uracil PRT (UPRT) that demonstrates highly specific RNA metabolic labeling with 5-vinyluracil (5-VU). Furthermore, we discuss the optimization of inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reactions for performing chemical modification of vinyl nucleosides to achieve covalent conjugation of RNA without transcript degradation. Finally, we highlight our latest endeavor: the development of mutually orthogonal chemical reactions for selective labeling of 5-VUrd and 2-vinyladenosine (2-VAdo), which allows for potential use of multiple vinyl nucleosides for simultaneous investigation of multiple cellular processes involving RNA. We hope that our methods and discoveries encourage scientists studying biological systems to include RNA metabolic labeling in their toolkit for studying RNA and its role in biological systems.
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Abstract
Nanogels have high tunability and stability while being able to sense and respond to external stimuli by showing changes in the gel volume, water content, colloidal stability, mechanical strength, and other physical/chemical properties. In this article, advances in the preparation of nanogels will be reviewed. The application potential of nanogels in drug delivery will also be highlighted. It is the objective of this article to present a snapshot of the recent knowledge of nanogel preparation and application for future research in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | | | - Wing-Fu Lai
- School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
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5
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Onyeje C, Lavik E. Highlighting the usage of polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of traumatic brain injury: A review study. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105048. [PMID: 33901586 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There are very limited options for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI). Nanoparticles offer the potential of targeting specific cell types, and, potentially, crossing the BBB under the right conditions making them an area of active research for treating TBI. This review focuses on polymeric nanoparticles and the impact of their chemistry, size, and surface groups on their interactions with the vasculature and cells of the brain following injury. The vast majority of the work in the field focuses on acute injury, and when the work is looked at closely, it suggests that nanoparticles rely on interactions with vascular and immune cells to alter the environment of the brain. Nonetheless, there are promising results from a number of approaches that lead to behavioral improvements coupled with neuroprotection that offer promise for therapeutic outcomes. The majority of approaches have been tested immediately following injury. It is not entirely clear what impact these approaches will have in chronic TBI, but being able to modulate inflammation specifically may have a role both during and after the acute phase of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiad Onyeje
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Piscataway Territories, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Erin Lavik
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Piscataway Territories, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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6
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Abedi F, Davaran S, Hekmati M, Akbarzadeh A, Baradaran B, Moghaddam SV. An improved method in fabrication of smart dual-responsive nanogels for controlled release of doxorubicin and curcumin in HT-29 colon cancer cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:18. [PMID: 33422062 PMCID: PMC7797119 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination therapy which has been proposed as the strategy for the cancer treatment could achieve a synergistic effect for cancer therapies and reduce the dosage of the applied drugs. On account of the the unique properties as the high absorbed water content, biocompatibility, and flexibility, the targeting nanogels have been considred as a suitable platform. Herein, a non-toxic pH/thermo-responsive hydrogel P(NIPAAm-co-DMAEMA) was synthesized and characterized through the free-radical polymerization and expanded upon an easy process for the preparation of the smart responsive nanogels; that is, the nanogels were used for the efficient and controlled delivery of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and chemosensitizer curcumin (CUR) simultaneously like a promising strategy for the cancer treatment. The size of the nanogels, which were made, was about 70 nm which is relatively optimal for the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. The DOX and CUR co-loaded nanocarriers were prepared by the high encapsulation efficiency (EE). It is important to mention that the controlled drug release behavior of the nanocarriers was also investigated. An enhanced ability of DOX and CUR-loaded nanoformulation to induce the cell apoptosis in the HT-29 colon cancer cells which represented the greater antitumor efficacy than the single-drug formulations or free drugs was resulted through the In vitro cytotoxicity. Overall, according to the data, the simultaneous delivery of the dual drugs through the fabricated nanogels could synergistically potentiate the antitumor effects on the colon cancer (CC). ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Malak Hekmati
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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Nguyen K, Kubota M, Arco JD, Feng C, Singha M, Beasley S, Sakr J, Gandhi SP, Blurton-Jones M, Fernández Lucas J, Spitale RC. A Bump-Hole Strategy for Increased Stringency of Cell-Specific Metabolic Labeling of RNA. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:3099-3105. [PMID: 33222436 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Profiling RNA expression in a cell-specific manner continues to be a grand challenge in biochemical research. Bioorthogonal nucleosides can be utilized to track RNA expression; however, these methods currently have limitations due to background and incorporation of analogs into undesired cells. Herein, we design and demonstrate that uracil phosphoribosyltransferase can be engineered to match 5-vinyluracil for cell-specific metabolic labeling of RNA with exceptional specificity and stringency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Miles Kubota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jon del Arco
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, E-28670 Villaviciosa de Odon, Madrid Spain
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Monika Singha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Samantha Beasley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jasmine Sakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sunil P. Gandhi
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Matthew Blurton-Jones
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jesus Fernández Lucas
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, E-28670 Villaviciosa de Odon, Madrid Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, GICNEX, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Robert C. Spitale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine. Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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8
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Nasrabadi M, Morsali A, Beyramabadi SA. An applied quantum-chemical model for genipin-crosslinked chitosan (GCS) nanocarrier. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1229-1240. [PMID: 33038394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The genipin-crosslinked chitosan (GCS) nanocarrier has received a lot of attention due to its unique biological and chemical properties as an effective drug delivery system. GCS was modeled by considering two chitosan (CS) polymer sequences with six monomer units that are crosslinked by genipin. To investigate the characteristics of this model, we considered it as a nanocarrier of the anti-cancer drug cladribine (2CdA). Seven configurations of GCS and 2CdA (GCS/2CdA1-7) were optimized at M06-2X/6-31G(d,p) in aqueous solution. The average binding energy above 100 kJ mol-1 indicates a high drug loading amount. The high adsorption of the drug on GCS is due to the hydrogen bonds that were investigated by AIM analysis. Hydrogen bonds also allow the drug to be released more slowly. These results were confirmed by experimental evidence and the comparison of this model with the simple model of one polymer chain. Also, the mechanism of GCS formation was investigated by calculating the activation parameters, which indicates that solvent (H2O) molecules are explicitly involved in the formation of GCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nasrabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran; Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran; Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran.
| | - S Ali Beyramabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran; Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran
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9
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Gondim BLC, da Silva Catarino J, de Sousa MAD, de Oliveira Silva M, Lemes MR, de Carvalho-Costa TM, de Lima Nascimento TR, Machado JR, Rodrigues V, Oliveira CJF, Cançado Castellano LR, da Silva MV. Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery: Blood-Brain Barrier as the Main Obstacle to Treating Infectious Diseases in CNS. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3983-3996. [PMID: 31612822 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191014171354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic infections affecting the central nervous system (CNS) present high morbidity and mortality rates and affect millions of people worldwide. The most important parasites affecting the CNS are protozoans (Plasmodium sp., Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma brucei), cestodes (Taenia solium) and free-living amoebae (Acantamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris and Naegleria fowleri). Current therapeutic regimens include the use of traditional chemicals or natural compounds that have very limited access to the CNS, despite their elevated toxicity to the host. Improvements are needed in drug administration and formulations to treat these infections and to allow the drug to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). METHODS This work aims to elucidate the recent advancements in the use of nanoparticles as nanoscaled drug delivery systems (NDDS) for treating and controlling the parasitic infections that affect the CNS, addressing not only the nature and composition of the polymer chosen, but also the mechanisms by which these nanoparticles may cross the BBB and reach the infected tissue. RESULTS There is a strong evidence in the literature demonstrating the potential usefulness of polymeric nanoparticles as functional carriers of drugs to the CNS. Some of them demonstrated the mechanisms by which drugloaded nanoparticles access the CNS and control the infection by using in vivo models, while others only describe the pharmacological ability of these particles to be utilized in in vitro environments. CONCLUSION The scarcity of the studies trying to elucidate the compatibility as well as the exact mechanisms by which NDDS might be entering the CNS infected by parasites reveals new possibilities for further exploratory projects. There is an urgent need for new investments and motivations for applying nanotechnology to control parasitic infectious diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Louise Cavalcanti Gondim
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group-GEPIH, Technical School of Health, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jonatas da Silva Catarino
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcela Rezende Lemes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Rita de Lima Nascimento
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group-GEPIH, Technical School of Health, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlo José Freire Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Roberto Cançado Castellano
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group-GEPIH, Technical School of Health, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Abasalizadeh F, Moghaddam SV, Alizadeh E, akbari E, Kashani E, Fazljou SMB, Torbati M, Akbarzadeh A. Alginate-based hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles in cancer treatment and their applications in wound dressing and 3D bioprinting. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:8. [PMID: 32190110 PMCID: PMC7069202 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-0227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are a three-dimensional and crosslinked network of hydrophilic polymers. They can absorb a large amount of water or biological fluids, which leads to their swelling while maintaining their 3D structure without dissolving (Zhu and Marchant, Expert Rev Med Devices 8:607-626, 2011). Among the numerous polymers which have been utilized for the preparation of the hydrogels, polysaccharides have gained more attention in the area of pharmaceutics; Sodium alginate is a non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable polysaccharide with several unique physicochemical properties for which has used as delivery vehicles for drugs (Kumar Giri et al., Curr Drug Deliv 9:539-555, 2012). Owing to their high-water content and resembling the natural soft tissue, hydrogels were studied a lot as a scaffold. The formation of hydrogels can occur by interactions of the anionic alginates with multivalent inorganic cations through a typical ionotropic gelation method. However, those applications require the control of some properties such as mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation, cell attachment, and binding or release of bioactive molecules by using the chemical or physical modifications of the alginate hydrogel. In the current review, an overview of alginate hydrogels and their properties will be presented as well as the methods of producing alginate hydrogels. In the next section of the present review paper, the application of the alginate hydrogels will be defined as drug delivery vehicles for chemotherapeutic agents. The recent advances in the application of the alginate-based hydrogels will be describe later as a wound dressing and bioink in 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Abasalizadeh
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elahe akbari
- Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elmira Kashani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Fazljou
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center of Tabriz, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5154853431 Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tabriz, Iran
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11
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Roda B, Marassi V, Zattoni A, Borghi F, Anand R, Agostoni V, Gref R, Reschiglian P, Monti S. Flow field-flow fractionation and multi-angle light scattering as a powerful tool for the characterization and stability evaluation of drug-loaded metal-organic framework nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5245-5253. [PMID: 29947896 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled with UV-Vis spectroscopy, multi-angle light scattering (MALS) and refractive index (RI) detection has been applied for the characterization of MIL-100(Fe) nanoMOFs (metal-organic frameworks) loaded with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) drugs for the first time. Empty nanoMOFs and nanoMOFs loaded with azidothymidine derivatives with three different degrees of phosphorylation were examined: azidothymidine (AZT, native drug), azidothymidine monophosphate (AZT-MP), and azidothymidine triphosphate (AZT-TP). The particle size distribution and the stability of the nanoparticles when interacting with drugs have been determined in a time frame of 24 h. Main achievements include detection of aggregate formation in an early stage and monitoring nanoMOF morphological changes as indicators of their interaction with guest molecules. AF4-MALS proved to be a useful methodology to analyze nanoparticles engineered for drug delivery applications and gave fundamental data on their size distribution and stability. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry "G.Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy. .,byFlow srl, Via Caduti della Via Fani, 11/B, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry "G.Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry "G.Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,byFlow srl, Via Caduti della Via Fani, 11/B, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Borghi
- Department of Chemistry "G.Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Resmi Anand
- CNR-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Via Piero Gobetti, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Agostoni
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8214, Paris-Sud University, Paris Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Ruxandra Gref
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8214, Paris-Sud University, Paris Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry "G.Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,byFlow srl, Via Caduti della Via Fani, 11/B, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Monti
- CNR-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Via Piero Gobetti, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Gelissen APH, Scotti A, Turnhoff SK, Janssen C, Radulescu A, Pich A, Rudov AA, Potemkin II, Richtering W. An anionic shell shields a cationic core allowing for uptake and release of polyelectrolytes within core-shell responsive microgels. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:4287-4299. [PMID: 29774926 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00397a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To realize carriers for drug delivery, cationic containers are required for anionic guests. Nevertheless, the toxicity of cationic carriers limits their practical use. In this study, we investigate a model system of polyampholyte N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)-based microgels with a cationic core and an anionic shell to study whether the presence of a negative shell allows the cationic core to be shielded while still enabling the uptake and release of the anionic guest polyelectrolytes. These microgels are loaded with polystyrene sulfonate of different molecular weights to investigate the influence of their chain length on the uptake and release process. By means of small-angle neutron scattering, we evaluate the spatial distribution of polystyrene sulfonate within the microgels. The guest molecules are located in different parts of the core-shell microgels depending on their size. By combining these scattering results with UV-vis spectroscopy, electrophoretic mobility and potentiometric titrations we gain complementary results to investigate the uptake and release process of polyelectrolytes in polyampholyte core-shell microgels. Moreover, Brownian molecular dynamic simulations are performed to compare the experimental and theoretical results of this model. Our findings demonstrate that the presence of a shell still enables efficient uptake of guest molecules into the cationic core. These anionic guest molecules can be released through an anionic shell. Furthermore, the presence of a shell enhances the stability of the microgel-polyelectrolyte complexes with respect to the cationic precursor microgel alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan P H Gelissen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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Yang Y, Qiu X, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Liu C. Development of bioabsorbable polylactide membrane with controllable hydrophilicity for adjustment of cell behaviours. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:170868. [PMID: 29410803 PMCID: PMC5792880 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell functions can be mediated through their interactions with the microenvironments, which highly depend on the surface state of the substrate. However, how to finely adjust the surface of biomaterials is still very challenging. In this study, poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLLA) with high molecular weight was synthesized via ring opening polymerization, which was hot-pressed into PDLLA membrane. In order to modify the hydrophobicity of the membrane (a limiting factor for its biomedical application), an amphiphilic monomethoxyl poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactide) (PEG-PDLLA) was selected to improve its surface hydrophilicity through a simple self-assembly approach. It was found that the contact angles of the modified membrane can be well controlled by variation of PEG-PDLLA concentrations. In vitro cell biological study indicates that optimized cell adhesion can be achieved on the modified membrane with a contact angle of around 50° via its self-assembly with an ethanol/water solution of PEG-PDLA (35 mg ml-1). The surface modification of the membrane also changed its biodegradation property in the process of its incubation period up to 240 days. The surface modification method may afford an effective way for adjustment of the surface (interface) of membrane (scaffolds) of different biomaterials, beyond polylactide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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Neamtu I, Rusu AG, Diaconu A, Nita LE, Chiriac AP. Basic concepts and recent advances in nanogels as carriers for medical applications. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:539-557. [PMID: 28181831 PMCID: PMC8240973 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1276232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanogels in biomedical field are promising and innovative materials as dispersions of hydrogel nanoparticles based on crosslinked polymeric networks that have been called as next generation drug delivery systems due to their relatively high drug encapsulation capacity, uniformity, tunable size, ease of preparation, minimal toxicity, stability in the presence of serum, and stimuli responsiveness. Nanogels show a great potential in chemotherapy, diagnosis, organ targeting and delivery of bioactive substances. The main subjects reviewed in this article concentrates on: (i) Nanogel assimilation in the nanomedicine domain; (ii) Features and advantages of nanogels, the main characteristics, such as: swelling capacity, stimuli sensitivity, the great surface area, functionalization, bioconjugation and encapsulation of bioactive substances, which are taken into account in designing the structures according to the application; some data on the advantages and limitations of the preparation techniques; (iii) Recent progress in nanogels as a carrier of genetic material, protein and vaccine. The majority of the scientific literature presents the multivalency potential of bioconjugated nanogels in various conditions. Today's research focuses over the overcoming of the restrictions imposed by cost, some medical requirements and technological issues, for nanogels' commercial scale production and their integration as a new platform in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iordana Neamtu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Alina Diaconu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
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15
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Xu X, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhao L, Li Y, Liu C. Formation of graphene oxide-hybridized nanogels for combinative anticancer therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:2387-2395. [PMID: 28552643 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The low efficacy and high toxicity of chemotherapy have been driving increasing attention on development of combined anticancer therapy technique. In the current work, graphene oxide (GO)-hybridized nanogels (AGD) were developed for delivery of an anticancer drug (doxorubicin (DOX)), which simultaneously presented photothermal therapeutic effects against cancer cells. AGD nanogels were fabricated by in situ incorporating GO nanoplatelets into a biodegradable polymer (alginate) via a double emulsion approach using a disulfide molecule as crosslinker, followed by DOX encapsulation via electrostatic interactions. The nanogels released DOX drug in an accelerated way under both acidic and reducible conditions mimicking extracellular tumor microenvironments and intracellular compartments. The stimulative release controllability of the nanogels improved the DOX internalization and long-term drug accumulation inside A549 cells (an adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cell line), which, together with their photothermal effect, resulted in a good anticancer cytotoxicity, indicating their promising potential for combinative anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jine Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changsheng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Wang Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Sun Y, Yuan Y, Li Y, Liu C. In situ biodegradable crosslinking of cationic oligomer coating on mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 153:272-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Mignani S, Bryszewska M, Zablocka M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B, Cladera J, Shcharbin D, Majoral JP. Can dendrimer based nanoparticles fight neurodegenerative diseases? Current situation versus other established approaches. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Rodriguez-Ruiz V, Maksimenko A, Anand R, Monti S, Agostoni V, Couvreur P, Lampropoulou M, Yannakopoulou K, Gref R. Efficient "green" encapsulation of a highly hydrophilic anticancer drug in metal-organic framework nanoparticles. J Drug Target 2016; 23:759-67. [PMID: 26453171 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1073294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are coordination polymers of interest for biomedical applications. Of particular importance, nanoparticles made of iron(III) trimesate (MIL-100, MIL standing for Material Institut Lavoisier) (nanoMOFs) can be conveniently synthesised under mild and green conditions. They were shown to be biodegradable, biocompatible and efficient to encapsulate a variety of active molecules. We have addressed here the challenges to encapsulate a highly hydrophilic anticancer prodrug, phosphated gemcitabin (Gem-MP) known for its instability and inability to bypass cell membranes. MIL-100 nanoMOFs acted as efficient "nanosponges", soaking Gem-MP from its aqueous solution with almost perfect efficiency (>98%). Maximal loadings reached ∼30 wt% reflecting the strong interaction between the drug and the iron trimesate matrices. Neither degradation nor loss of crystalline structure was observed after the loading process. Storage of the loaded nanoMOFs in water did not result in drug release over three days. However, Gem-MP was released in media containing phosphates, as a consequence to particle degradation. Drug-loaded nanoMOFs were effective against pancreatic PANC-1 cells, in contrast to free drug and empty nanoMOFs. However, an efflux phenomenon could contribute to reduce the efficacy of the nanocarriers. Size optimization and surface modification of the nanoMOFs are expected to further improve these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei Maksimenko
- a Institut Galien (UMR CNRS 8612), Université Paris-Sud , Châtenay-Malabry , France
| | - Resmi Anand
- b National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology , Ag. Paraskevi , Athens , Greece , and
| | - Sandra Monti
- c Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività-CNR , Bologna , Italy
| | - Valentina Agostoni
- a Institut Galien (UMR CNRS 8612), Université Paris-Sud , Châtenay-Malabry , France
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- a Institut Galien (UMR CNRS 8612), Université Paris-Sud , Châtenay-Malabry , France
| | - Maria Lampropoulou
- b National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology , Ag. Paraskevi , Athens , Greece , and
| | - Konstantina Yannakopoulou
- b National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology , Ag. Paraskevi , Athens , Greece , and
| | - Ruxandra Gref
- a Institut Galien (UMR CNRS 8612), Université Paris-Sud , Châtenay-Malabry , France
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19
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Ghalamfarsa G, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Anvari E, Farhadi S, Yousefi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Application of nanomedicine for crossing the blood–brain barrier: Theranostic opportunities in multiple sclerosis. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:603-19. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2016.1159264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Enayat Anvari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shohreh Farhadi
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Molina M, Asadian-Birjand M, Balach J, Bergueiro J, Miceli E, Calderón M. Stimuli-responsive nanogel composites and their application in nanomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 44:6161-86. [PMID: 26505057 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00199d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanogels are nanosized crosslinked polymer networks capable of absorbing large quantities of water. Specifically, smart nanogels are interesting because of their ability to respond to biomedically relevant changes like pH, temperature, etc. In the last few decades, hybrid nanogels or composites have been developed to overcome the ever increasing demand for new materials in this field. In this context, a hybrid refers to nanogels combined with different polymers and/or with nanoparticles such as plasmonic, magnetic, and carbonaceous nanoparticles, among others. Research activities are focused nowadays on using multifunctional hybrid nanogels in nanomedicine, not only as drug carriers but also as imaging and theranostic agents. In this review, we will describe nanogels, particularly in the form of composites or hybrids applied in nanomedicine.
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21
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Szulc A, Signorelli M, Schiraldi A, Appelhans D, Voit B, Bryszewska M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B, Fessas D. Maltose modified poly(propylene imine) dendrimers as potential carriers of nucleoside analog 5'-triphosphates. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:940-7. [PMID: 26456295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers contained surface maltose modification are proposed as drug carriers for nucleoside analog (NA) 5'-triphosphates. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between PPI dendrimers of 3rd (G3) or 4th (G4) generation and cytidine-5'-triphosphate (CTP) by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry method. CTP was used as a model molecule of pyrimidine nucleoside analog-cytarabine (ara-CTP) commonly used in leukemia treatment. Complexes of PPI dendrimers with NAs may help to overcome severe limitations of NAs associated with their low solubility and stability or resistance in cancer cells. In the present work, we evaluated stoichiometry and a mechanism of forming complexes between dendrimers and the nucleotide. Moreover, we examined the efficiency of complex formation in relation to dendrimer generations, a type of dendrimer modification with maltose residues and a type of solvent. It was observed that PPI dendrimers create complexes with CTP with high efficiency that makes them promising candidates for a drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szulc
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marco Signorelli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Celoria St. 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Schiraldi
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Celoria St. 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dimitrios Fessas
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Celoria St. 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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22
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Li Y, Maciel D, Rodrigues J, Shi X, Tomás H. Biodegradable Polymer Nanogels for Drug/Nucleic Acid Delivery. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8564-608. [PMID: 26259712 DOI: 10.1021/cr500131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Li
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira , Campus da Penteada 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Dina Maciel
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira , Campus da Penteada 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira , Campus da Penteada 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira , Campus da Penteada 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira , Campus da Penteada 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
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23
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Gonçalves M, Maciel D, Capelo D, Xiao S, Sun W, Shi X, Rodrigues J, Tomás H, Li Y. Dendrimer-assisted formation of fluorescent nanogels for drug delivery and intracellular imaging. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:492-9. [PMID: 24432789 DOI: 10.1021/bm401400r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although, in general, nanogels present a good biocompatibility and are able to mimic biological tissues, their unstability and uncontrollable release properties still limit their biomedical applications. In this study, a simple approach was used to develop dual-cross-linked dendrimer/alginate nanogels (AG/G5), using CaCl2 as cross-linker and amine-terminated generation 5 dendrimer (G5) as a cocrosslinker, through an emulsion method. Via their strong electrostatic interactions with anionic AG, together with cross-linker Ca(2+), G5 dendrimers can be used to mediate the formation of more compact structural nanogels with smaller size (433 ± 17 nm) than that (873 ± 116 nm) of the Ca(2+)-cross-linked AG nanogels in the absence of G5. Under physiological (pH 7.4) and acidic (pH 5.5) conditions, the sizes of Ca(2+)-cross-linked AG nanogels gradually decrease probably because of their degradation, while dual-cross-linked AG/G5 nanogels maintain a relatively more stable structure. Furthermore, the AG/G5 nanogels effectively encapsulate the anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) with a loading capacity 3 times higher than that of AG nanogels. The AG/G5 nanogels were able to release Dox in a sustained way, avoiding the burst release observed for AG nanogels. In vitro studies show that the AG/G5-Dox NGs were effectively taken up by CAL-72 cells (a human osteosarcoma cell line) and maintain the anticancer cytotoxicity levels of free Dox. Interestingly, G5 labeled with a fluorescent marker can be integrated into the nanogels and be used to track the nanogels inside cells by fluorescence microscopy. These findings demonstrate that AG/G5 nanogels may serve as a general platform for therapeutic delivery and/or cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Gonçalves
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira , Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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24
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Kowalczuk A, Trzcinska R, Trzebicka B, Müller AH, Dworak A, Tsvetanov CB. Loading of polymer nanocarriers: Factors, mechanisms and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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25
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Agostoni V, Chalati T, Horcajada P, Willaime H, Anand R, Semiramoth N, Baati T, Hall S, Maurin G, Chacun H, Bouchemal K, Martineau C, Taulelle F, Couvreur P, Rogez-Kreuz C, Clayette P, Monti S, Serre C, Gref R. Towards an improved anti-HIV activity of NRTI via metal-organic frameworks nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1630-7. [PMID: 23776182 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale mesoporous iron carboxylates metal-organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) have recently emerged as promising platforms for drug delivery, showing biodegradability, biocompatibility and important loading capability of challenging highly water-soluble drugs such as azidothymidine tryphosphate (AZT-TP). In this study, nanoMOFs made of iron trimesate (MIL-100) were able to act as efficient molecular sponges, quickly adsorbing up to 24 wt% AZT-TP with entrapment efficiencies close to 100%, without perturbation of the supramolecular crystalline organization. These data are in agreement with molecular modelling predictions, indicating maximal loadings of 33 wt% and preferential location of the drug in the large cages. Spectrophotometry, isothermal titration calorimetry, and solid state NMR investigations enable to gain insight on the mechanism of interaction of AZT and AZT-TP with the nanoMOFs, pointing out the crucial role of phosphates strongly coordinating with the unsaturated iron(III) sites. Finally, contrarily to the free AZT-TP, the loaded nanoparticles efficiently penetrate and release their cargo of active triphosphorylated AZT inside major HIV target cells, efficiently protecting against HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Agostoni
- Institut Galien, UMR 8612 CNRS Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Abstract
Significant progress has been made in nanoscale drugs and delivery systems employing diverse chemical formulations to facilitate the rate of drug delivery and to improve its pharmacokinetics. Biocompatible nanomaterials have been used as biological markers, contrast agents for imaging, healthcare products, pharmaceuticals, drug-delivery systems as well as in detection, diagnosis and treatment of various types of diseases. The classification of drug delivery nanosystems (DDnSs) is a crucial issue and fundamental efforts on this subject are missing from the literature. This article deals with the classification of DDnSs with a modulatory controlled release profile (MCR) denoted as modulatory controlled release nanosystems (MCRnSs). Conventional (c) and advanced (a) DDnSs are denoted by the acronyms cDDnSs and aDDnSs, and can be composed of a single or more than one biomaterials, respectively. The classification was based on their characteristics such as: surface functionality (f), the nature of biomaterials used and the kind of interactions between biomaterials. The aDDnSs can be classified as hybridic (Hy-) or chimeric (Chi-) based on the nature - same or different respectively - of biomaterials and inorganic materials used. The nature of the elements used for producing advanced biomaterials is of great importance and medicinal chemistry contributes effectively to the production of aDDnSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Demetzos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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27
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Jain KK. Nanobiotechnology-based strategies for crossing the blood-brain barrier. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 7:1225-33. [PMID: 22931448 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is meant to protect the brain from noxious agents; however, it also significantly hinders the delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Several strategies have been employed to deliver drugs across this barrier and some of these may do structural damage to the BBB by forcibly opening it to allow the uncontrolled passage of drugs. The ideal method for transporting drugs across the BBB should be controlled and should not damage the barrier. Among the various approaches that are available, nanobiotechnology-based delivery methods provide the best prospects for achieving this ideal. This review describes various nanoparticle (NP)-based methods used for drug delivery to the brain and the known underlying mechanisms. Some strategies require multifunctional NPs combining controlled passage across the BBB with targeted delivery of the therapeutic cargo to the intended site of action in the brain. An important application of nanobiotechnology is to facilitate the delivery of drugs and biological therapeutics for brain tumors across the BBB. Although there are currently some limitations and concerns for the potential neurotoxicity of NPs, the future prospects for NP-based therapeutic delivery to the brain are excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewal K Jain
- PharmaBiotech, Blaesiring 7, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland.
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28
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Agostoni V, Anand R, Monti S, Hall S, Maurin G, Horcajada P, Serre C, Bouchemal K, Gref R. Impact of phosphorylation on the encapsulation of nucleoside analogues within porous iron(iii) metal–organic framework MIL-100(Fe) nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4231-4242. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20653j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vasilyeva SV, Silnikov VN, Shatskaya NV, Levina AS, Repkova MN, Zarytova VF. SiO₂ nanoparticles as platform for delivery of nucleoside triphosphate analogues into cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:703-11. [PMID: 23280146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A system for delivery of analogues of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) based on SiO(2) nanoparticles was proposed. A simple and versatile method was developed for the preparation of SiO(2)-dNTP conjugates using the 'click'-reaction between premodified nanoparticles containing the azido groups and dNTP containing the alkyne-modified γ-phosphate group. The substrate properties of SiO(2)-dNTP were tested using Klenow fragment and HIV reverse transcriptase. Nucleoside triphosphates being a part of the SiO(2)-dNTP nanocomposites were shown to be incorporated into the growing DNA chain. The rate of polymerization with the use of SiO(2)-dNTP or common dNTP in case of HIV reverse transcriptase differed insignificantly. It was shown by confocal microscopy that the proposed SiO(2)-dNTP nanocomposites bearing the fluorescent label penetrate into cells and even into cellular nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Vasilyeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrent'ev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Ahmed M, Narain R. Intracellular delivery of DNA and enzyme in active form using degradable carbohydrate-based nanogels. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3160-70. [PMID: 22970989 DOI: 10.1021/mp300255p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The facile encapsulation of biomolecules along with efficient formulation and storage makes nanogels ideal candidates for drug and gene delivery. So far, nanogels have not been used for the codelivery of plasmid DNA and proteins due to several limitations, including low encapsulation efficacy of biomolecule of similar charges and the size of cargo materials. In this study, temperature and pH sensitive carbohydrate-based nanogels are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique and are studied in detail for their capacity to encapsulate and codeliver plasmid DNA and proteins. The temperature sensitive property of nanogels allows the facile encapsulation of biomaterials, while its acid-degradable profile allows the burst release of biomolecules in endosomes. Hence these materials are expected to serve as efficient vectors to deliver biomolecules of choice either alone or as codelivery system. The nanogels produced are relatively monodisperse and are around 30-40 nm in diameter at 37 °C. DNA condensation efficacy of the nanogels is dependent on the hydrophobic property of the core of the nanogels. The DNA-nanogel complexes are formed by the interaction of carbohydrate residues of nanogels with the DNA, and complexes are further stabilized with linear cationic glycopolymers. The DNA-nanogels complexes are also studied for their protein loading capacity. The degradation of the nanogels and the controlled release of DNA and proteins are then studied in vitro. Furthermore, the addition of a nontoxic, cationic glycopolymer to the nanogel-DNA complexes is found to improve the cellular uptake and hence to improve gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, 116 St and 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G6, Canada
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31
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Domaratzki RE, Ghanem A. Encapsulation and release of cladribine from chitosan nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Cattaneo AG, Gornati R, Sabbioni E, Chiriva-Internati M, Cobos E, Jenkins MR, Bernardini G. Nanotechnology and human health: risks and benefits. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 30:730-44. [PMID: 21117037 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is expected to be promising in many fields of medical applications, mainly in cancer treatment. While a large number of very attractive exploitations open up for the clinics, regulatory agencies are very careful in admitting new nanomaterials for human use because of their potential toxicity. The very active research on new nanomaterials that are potentially useful in medicine has not been counterbalanced by an adequate knowledge of their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. The different nanocarriers used to transport and release the active molecules to the target tissues should be treated as additives, with potential side effects of themselves or by virtue of their dissolution or aggregation inside the body. Only recently has a systematic classification of nanomaterials been proposed, posing the basis for dedicated modeling at the nanoscale level. The use of in silico methods, such as nano-QSAR and PSAR, while highly desirable to expedite and rationalize the following stages of toxicological research, are not an alternative, but an introduction to mandatory experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giulia Cattaneo
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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An Z, Qiu Q, Liu G. Synthesis of architecturally well-defined nanogels via RAFT polymerization for potential bioapplications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12424-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13955j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Vinogradov SV, Poluektova LY, Makarov E, Gerson T, Senanayake MT. Nano-NRTIs: efficient inhibitors of HIV type-1 in macrophages with a reduced mitochondrial toxicity. Antivir Chem Chemother 2010; 21:1-14. [PMID: 21045256 DOI: 10.3851/imp1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages serve as a depot for HIV type-1 (HIV-1) in the central nervous system. To efficiently target macrophages, we developed nanocarriers for potential brain delivery of activated nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) called nano-NRTIs. METHODS Nanogel carriers consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)- or Pluronic-polyethylenimine (PEI) biodegradable networks, star PEG-PEI or poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-PEI-PEG dendritic networks, as well as nanogels decorated with brain-targeting peptide molecules, specifically binding to the apolipoprotein E receptor, were synthesized and evaluated. Nano-NRTIs were obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of zidovudine 5'-triphosphate or didanosine 5'-triphosphate and nanocarriers, followed by freeze-drying. Intracellular accumulation, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of nano-NRTIs were monitored in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). HIV-1 viral activity in infected MDMs was measured by a reverse transcriptase activity assay following treatment with nano-NRTIs. Mitochondrial DNA depletion in MDMs and human HepG2 cells was assessed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Nanogels were efficiently captured by MDMs and demonstrated low cytotoxicity, and no antiviral activity without drugs. All nano-NRTIs demonstrated high efficacy of HIV-1 inhibition at drug levels as low as 1 μmol/l, representing a 4.9- to 14-fold decrease in 90% effective drug concentrations as compared with NRTIs, whereas 50% cytotoxicity effects started at 200× higher concentrations. Nano-NRTIs with a core-shell structure and decorated with brain-targeting peptides displayed the highest antiviral efficacy. Mitochondrial DNA depletion, a major cause of NRTI neurotoxicity, was reduced threefold compared with NRTIs at application of selected nano-NRTIs. CONCLUSIONS Nano-NRTIs demonstrated a promising antiviral efficacy against HIV-1 in MDMs and showed strong potential as nanocarriers for delivery of antiviral drugs to macrophages harbouring in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei V Vinogradov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Saiyed ZM, Gandhi NH, Nair MPN. AZT 5'-triphosphate nanoformulation suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Neurovirol 2010; 15:343-7. [PMID: 19575326 DOI: 10.1080/13550280903062813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Inefficient cellular phosphorylation of nucleoside and nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) to their active nucleoside 5'-triphosphate (NTPs) form is one of the limitations for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy. We report herein direct binding of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate (AZTTP) onto magnetic nanoparticles (Fe(3)O(4); magnetite) due to ionic interaction. This magnetic nanoparticle bound AZTTP (MP-AZTTP) completely retained its biological activity as assessed by suppression of HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The developed MP-AZTTP nanoformulation can be used for targeting active NRTIs to the brain by application of an external magnetic force and thereby eliminate the brain HIV reservoir and help to treat NeuroAIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainulabedin M Saiyed
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
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Efficient overcoming of drug resistance to anticancer nucleoside analogs by nanodelivery of active phosphorylated drugs. Int J Pharm 2010; 395:281-9. [PMID: 20580798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the major problems in cancer chemotherapy is the fast development of drug resistance to most anticancer therapeutics. Thus, an important cause of the eventual decline in clinical efficacy of cytotoxic nucleoside analogs was the selection of resistant cancer cells with deficiencies in the expression of nucleoside transporters or nucleoside-activating kinases. Here, we present an efficient strategy of overcoming this type of drug resistance by tumor-specific delivery of nanogel-encapsulated active triphosphates of nucleoside analogs (NATP). The small particles of biodegradable cationic nanogels loaded with anionic NATP efficiently interacted with cancer cells and released active drug compounds into the cytoplasm. The potential of novel drug formulations was evaluated in the nucleoside transport-deficient (CEM/araC/C8) or nucleoside activation-deficient (RL7/G) lymphogenic cancer cells. Compared to nucleoside analogs, NATP-loaded nanogels demonstrated increased cytotoxicity, reducing the drug resistance index 250- to 900-fold in CEM/araC/C8 cells and 70- to 100-fold in RL7/G cells. The strong cytotoxic effect of nanoformulations was accompanied by characteristic cell cycle perturbations, usually observed in drug-treated sensitive cells, and resulted in the induction of apoptosis in all studied drug-resistant cells. Efficient cellular accumulation of nanogels and the consequent increase in intracellular levels of NATP were found to be the major factors determining cytotoxic efficacy of nanoformulations. Decoration of nanogels with multiple molecules of tumor lymphatic-specific peptide (LyP1) enhanced the binding efficacy of nanocarriers with lymphogenic cancer cells. The targeted nanoformulation of activated gemcitabine (LyP1-NG-dFdCTP), when injected in subcutaneous RL7/G xenograft tumor model, demonstrated 2-fold more efficient tumor growth inhibition than gemcitabine at a higher dose. Nanogel-drug formulations exhibited no systemic toxicity during the treatment, hence extending the versatility of nucleoside analogs in the treatment of drug-resistant lymphogenic tumors.
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Saiyed ZM, Gandhi NH, Nair MPN. Magnetic nanoformulation of azidothymidine 5'-triphosphate for targeted delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2010; 5:157-66. [PMID: 20463931 PMCID: PMC2865010 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s8905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the prevalence of neuroAIDS remains high. This is mainly attributed to inability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), thus resulting in insufficient drug concentration within the brain. Therefore, development of an active drug targeting system is an attractive strategy to increase the efficacy and delivery of ART to the brain. We report herein development of magnetic azidothymidine 5′-triphosphate (AZTTP) liposomal nanoformulation and its ability to transmigrate across an in vitro BBB model by application of an external magnetic field. We hypothesize that this magnetically guided nanoformulation can transverse the BBB by direct transport or via monocyte-mediated transport. Magnetic AZTTP liposomes were prepared using a mixture of phosphatidyl choline and cholesterol. The average size of prepared liposomes was about 150 nm with maximum drug and magnetite loading efficiency of 54.5% and 45.3%, respectively. Further, magnetic AZTTP liposomes were checked for transmigration across an in vitro BBB model using direct or monocyte-mediated transport by application of an external magnetic field. The results show that apparent permeability of magnetic AZTTP liposomes was 3-fold higher than free AZTTP. Also, the magnetic AZTTP liposomes were efficiently taken up by monocytes and these magnetic monocytes showed enhanced transendothelial migration compared to normal/non-magnetic monocytes in presence of an external magnetic field. Thus, we anticipate that the developed magnetic nanoformulation can be used for targeting active nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors to the brain by application of an external magnetic force and thereby eliminate the brain HIV reservoir and help to treat neuroAIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainulabedin M Saiyed
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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38
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Kabanov A, Vinogradov S. Nanogele als pharmazeutische Trägersysteme: winzige Netzwerke mit großen Möglichkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Xiong MH, Wu J, Wang YC, Li LS, Liu XB, Zhang GZ, Yan LF, Wang J. Synthesis of PEG-Armed and Polyphosphoester Core-Cross-Linked Nanogel by One-Step Ring-Opening Polymerization. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802688y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hua Xiong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cai Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lai-Sheng Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
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Kabanov AV, Vinogradov SV. Nanogels as pharmaceutical carriers: finite networks of infinite capabilities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:5418-29. [PMID: 19562807 PMCID: PMC2872506 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 876] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels are swollen nanosized networks composed of hydrophilic or amphiphilic polymer chains. They are developed as carriers for the transport of drugs, and can be designed to spontaneously incorporate biologically active molecules through formation of salt bonds, hydrogen bonds, or hydrophobic interactions. Polyelectrolyte nanogels can readily incorporate oppositely charged low-molecular-mass drugs and biomacromolecules such as oligo- and polynucleotides (siRNA, DNA) as well as proteins. The guest molecules interact electrostatically with the ionic polymer chains of the gel and become bound within the finite nanogel. Multiple chemical functionalities can be employed in the nanogels to introduce imaging labels and to allow targeted drug delivery. The latter can be achieved, for example, with degradable or cleavable cross-links. Recent studies suggest that nanogels have a very promising future in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830 (United States); Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Serguei V. Vinogradov
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830 (United States)
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Galmarini CM, Warren G, Kohli E, Zeman A, Mitin A, Vinogradov SV. Polymeric nanogels containing the triphosphate form of cytotoxic nucleoside analogues show antitumor activity against breast and colorectal cancer cell lines. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:3373-80. [PMID: 18852140 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficiency of anticancer nucleoside analogues (NA) strongly depends on their intracellular accumulation and conversion into 5'-triphosphates. Because active NATP cannot be directly administrated due to instability, we present here a strategy of nanoencapsulation of these active drugs for efficient delivery to tumors. Stable lyophilized formulations of 5'-triphosphates of cytarabine (araCTP), gemcitabine (dFdCTP), and floxuridine (FdUTP) encapsulated in biodegradable PEG-cl-PEI or F127-cl-PEI nanogel networks (NGC and NGM, respectively) were prepared by a self-assembly procedure. Cellular penetration, in vitro cytotoxicity, and drug-induced cell cycle perturbations of these nanoformulations were analyzed in breast and colorectal cancer cell lines. Cellular accumulation and NATP release from nanogel was studied by confocal microscopy and direct high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of cellular lysates. Antiproliferative effect of dFdCTP nanoformulations was evaluated in human breast carcinoma MCF7 xenograft animal model. Nanoencapsulated araCTP, dFdCTP, and FdUTP showed similar to NA cytotoxicity and cell cycle perturbations. Nanogels without drugs showed very low cytotoxicity, although NGM was more toxic than NGC. Treatment by NATP nanoformulations induced fast increase of free intracellular drug concentration. In human breast carcinoma MCF7 xenograft animal model, i.v. dFdCTP-nanogel was equally effective in inhibiting tumor growth at four times lower administered drug dose compared with free gemcitabine. Active triphosphates of NA encapsulated in nanogels exhibit similar cytotoxicity and cell cycle perturbations in vitro and faster cell accumulation and equal tumor growth-inhibitory activity in vivo at much lower dose compared with parental drugs, illustrating their therapeutic potential for cancer chemotherapy.
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Vinogradov SV, Mitin A, Warren G. FOLATE-TARGETED POLYFORMULATIONS OF CYTOTOXIC NUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATES AND PACLITAXEL. PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE ... MEETING. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. DIVISION OF POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2008; 49:1050-1051. [PMID: 19079756 PMCID: PMC2601599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serguei V Vinogradov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science University of Nebraska Medical Center 986025 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-6025
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