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Park JW, Chung H, Kim JM, Kim NY, Hong SH, Kim KA, Park JY. Pharmacokinetics of a Fixed-Dose Combination Product of Amlodipine, Losartan, Ezetimibe, and Rosuvastatin and Its Comparison with Co-administration of Four Individual Components in Healthy Participants. Drugs R D 2024; 24:179-186. [PMID: 38775910 PMCID: PMC11315872 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-024-00460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess and compare the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of a fixed-dose combination product (FDCP) comprising four different drugs (two antihypertensive drugs, amlodipine and losartan, and two lipid-lowering agents, ezetimibe and rosuvastatin) with their separate tablets. METHODS A total of 60 participants were enrolled in this open-label, randomized, single-dose crossover study. Each participant received a single dose of FDCP and individual tablets during each period, with a 14-day washout period between the periods. The pharmacokinetic parameters of amlodipine, losartan, EXP3174 (an active metabolite of losartan), rosuvastatin, free ezetimibe, and total ezetimibe were evaluated and compared. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic profiles of amlodipine, losartan, rosuvastatin, and ezetimibe after administration of the individual products were similar to those of FDCP. The geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals for maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) of FDCP to individual tablets were within 0.8-1.25 for all six analytes. No clinically relevant changes were observed in the vital signs or physical, biochemical, hematological, electrocardiographic, or urinalysis findings during the study, and no serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that a newly developed FDCP containing amlodipine, losartan, ezetimibe, and rosuvastatin exhibited pharmacokinetic equivalence with the individual products and met the regulatory criteria. Both formulations were well tolerated. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial (NCT04322266) was retrospectively registered on 9 September 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | | | | | - Kyoung-Ah Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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Tartaglia G, Fuentes I, Patel N, Varughese A, Israel LE, Park PH, Alexander MH, Poojan S, Cao Q, Solomon B, Padron ZM, Dyer JA, Mellerio JE, McGrath JA, Palisson F, Salas-Alanis J, Han L, South AP. Antiviral drugs prolong survival in murine recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:870-884. [PMID: 38462666 PMCID: PMC11018630 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare inherited skin disease characterized by defects in type VII collagen leading to a range of fibrotic pathologies resulting from skin fragility, aberrant wound healing, and altered dermal fibroblast physiology. Using a novel in vitro model of fibrosis based on endogenously produced extracellular matrix, we screened an FDA-approved compound library and identified antivirals as a class of drug not previously associated with anti-fibrotic action. Preclinical validation of our lead hit, daclatasvir, in a mouse model of RDEB demonstrated significant improvement in fibrosis as well as overall quality of life with increased survival, weight gain and activity, and a decrease in pruritus-induced hair loss. Immunohistochemical assessment of daclatasvir-treated RDEB mouse skin showed a reduction in fibrotic markers, which was supported by in vitro data demonstrating TGFβ pathway targeting and a reduction of total collagen retained in the extracellular matrix. Our data support the clinical development of antivirals for the treatment of patients with RDEB and potentially other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Tartaglia
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ignacia Fuentes
- DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Neil Patel
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abigail Varughese
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren E Israel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pyung Hun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael H Alexander
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shiv Poojan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qingqing Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brenda Solomon
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary M Padron
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Dyer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jemima E Mellerio
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK
| | - Francis Palisson
- DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Servicio de Dermatologia, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P South
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Research Center for Fibrotic Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Wang H, Liu J, Fang F, Gao L, Zhao C, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Wang X. Losartan ameliorates renal fibrosis by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor signal pathway. Nefrologia 2024; 44:139-149. [PMID: 38697694 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Losartan is widely used in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has achieved good clinical efficacy, but its exact mechanism is not clear. We performed high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology to screen the potential target of losartan in treating CKD. According to the HTS results, we found that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signal pathway was enriched. Therefore, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments to verify it. We found that TNF signal pathway was activated in both unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats and human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), while losartan can significantly inhibit TNF signal pathway as well as the expression of fibrosis related genes (such as COL-1, α-SMA and Vimentin). These data suggest that losartan may ameliorate renal fibrosis through modulating the TNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Lanjun Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang 050091, China.
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Niu Z, Qiang T, Lin W, Li Y, Wang K, Wang D, Wang X. Evaluation of Potential Herb-Drug Interactions Between Shengmai Injection and Losartan Potassium in Rat and In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:878526. [PMID: 35517807 PMCID: PMC9065348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.878526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study aimed to explore the potential herb-drug interactions (HDI) between Shengmai injection (SMI) and losartan potassium (LOS) based on the expression profiles of cytochromes P450 (CYP450) and drug transporters in rat and in vitro. Methods: Different concentrations of SMI were used to explore the influence of SMI on the antihypertensive efficacy of LOS in the hypertension rat model established by N (omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 4 weeks. Subsequently, the serum concentration levels of LOS and losartan carboxylic acid (EXP3174) were determined by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and pharmacokinetic analysis. Human liver microsomes, human multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1/P-gp), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) vesicles, human embryonic kidney 293 cell line with stable expression of the organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (HEK293-OATP1B1 cells) and mock-transfected HEK293 (HEK293-MOCK) cells were used to verify the effects of SMI on CYP450 enzymes and drug transporters in vitro. Results: Low, medium, and high concentrations of SMI increased the antihypertensive efficacy of LOS to varying degrees. The high dose SMI increased the half-life (t 1/2 ), the maximum plasma concentration (C max), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to the time of the last measurable plasma concentration (AUC 0-t ), AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC 0-∞ ), and mean residence time (MRT) values of LOS and decreased its apparent volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (CL) values. The AUC 0-t , AUC 0-∞ , and MRT of LOS were increased, whereas the CL was decreased by the medium concentration of SMI. In addition, the high, medium, and low doses of SMI increased the relative bioavailability (Frel) of LOS. SMI exhibited no significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of EXP3174. In vitro, SMI exhibited different suppressive effects on the enzyme activity levels of CYP1A2 (6.12%), CYP2B6 (2.72%), CYP2C9 (14.31%), CYP2C19 (12.96%), CYP2D6 (12.26%), CYP3A4 (3.72%), CYP2C8 (10.00-30.00%), MDR1 (0.75%), OATP1B1(2.03%), and BCRP (0.15%). Conclusion: In conclusion, SMI improved the antihypertensive efficacy of LOS in the L-NAME-induced hypertension rat model by increasing the concentration of LOS, while leaving the concentration of EXP3174 intact. SMI affected the pharmacokinetic properties of LOS by decreasing the elimination of LOS. These effects might partly be attributed to the inhibition of the activities of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and of the drug transporters (P-gp, BCRP, and OATP1B1) by SMI, which need further scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Niu
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Qiang
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyong Lin
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyan Wang
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wei S, Sun J, Li Y, Xu K, Wang M, Zhang Y. Losartan Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Uremic Mice by Regulating Treg/Th17 Balance via Mediating PTEN/PI3K/Akt Pathway. Nephron Clin Pract 2022; 146:528-538. [PMID: 35176745 DOI: 10.1159/000521770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uremia could accelerate atherosclerosis (AS) formation involving Treg/Th17 imbalance. Losartan regulates the imbalance between regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells). However, their interactions in uremia accelerated AS (UAAS) remained poorly understood. METHODS UAAS mice model was established, and after losartan and VO-OHpic (VO, phosphatase and tensin homolog [PTEN] inhibitor) injection, biological indexes, and inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β1; interleukin-10 [IL-10]; IL-17 and IL-6) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pathological changes on aorta were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Percentages of Treg cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) and Th17 cells (CD4+IL-17+) in total CD4+ T cells were determined using flow cytometry. PTEN expressions were measured using Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry staining as needed. RESULTS After UAAS mice model construction, biological indexes (urea, cholesterol, and triglycerides) levels were increased, and aortic atherosclerotic plaque was formed. In UAAS mice, in total CD4+ T cells, Treg cells percentage was decreased yet Th17 cells percentage was increased, and TGF-β1 and IL-10 levels were downregulated yet IL-17 and IL-6 levels were upregulated. An opposite effect was found after losartan treatment. PTEN was downregulated in UAAS mice, and suppressing PTEN reversed the alleviating effects of losartan in UAAS mice. CONCLUSION Losartan attenuated UAAS in mice by regulating Treg/Th17 cells balance via mediating PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway, providing possible therapeutic method for UAAS in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhai Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Shuyang Hospital of TCM, Suqian, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shuyang Hospital of TCM, Suqian, China
| | - Yibei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shuyang Hospital of TCM, Suqian, China
| | - Kangchun Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shuyang Hospital of TCM, Suqian, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuyang Hospital of TCM, Suqian, China
| | - Yilai Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuyang Hospital of TCM, Suqian, China
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has horrified the human race and every government of the world, not only in the healthcare sector but also in terms of the economy, social disturbances, and large-scale growth of all nations. SARS-CoV-2, responsible for this pandemic, is a single member of a huge family of pathogenic viruses. Previous encounters with these viruses have taught the whole world that they can transform into more resistant and more harmful forms in a very short time. Antiviral medicines with characteristics of excellent potency, less resistance, and low toxicity are still challenging, and obtaining such drugs is a demanding arena in the field of pharmaceutical development. Antiviral medicines contain heterocyclic moieties with diverse substitutions and fusion. Among the potent heterocycles, imidazoles serve as one of the most crucial moieties in the field of drug discovery due to their ability to interact with the active target sites of living systems which provide enormous opportunities to discover new drugs with several modes of action. This chapter gives a systemic representation of design, discovery, and structure–activity relationship studies of the imidazole analogs as antiviral drugs in comparison to standard treatment used in the present-day scenario.
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Park YA, Song YB, Yee J, Yoon HY, Gwak HS. Influence of CYP2C9 Genetic Polymorphisms on the Pharmacokinetics of Losartan and Its Active Metabolite E-3174: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070617. [PMID: 34210056 PMCID: PMC8303964 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its active metabolite, E-3174, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eight studies published before March 2021 were included in this study. We used PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The data analysis was conducted through Review Manager (RevMan), version 5.3, and R software. We found that healthy volunteers with CYP2C9*2 or *3 carriers had higher area under the curve (AUC0-∞) of losartan (mean difference (MD) 0.17 μg·h/mL; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.04, 0.29) and lower AUC0-∞ of E-3174 (MD −0.35 μg·h/mL; 95% CI: −0.62, −0.08) than those with CYP2C9*1/*1. Subjects with CYP2C9*2 or *3 carriers showed lower maximum concentration (Cmax) of E-3174 than those with CYP2C9*1/*1 (MD −0.13 μg/mL; 95% CI: −0.17, −0.09). For half-life, subjects with CYP2C9*2 or *3 carriers had longer half-lives of losartan and E-3174 than those with CYP2C9*1/*1 (MD 0.47 h; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.61 and MD 0.68 h; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.92, respectively). This meta-analysis suggests that the pharmacokinetics of losartan and E-3174 are associated with the CYP2C9 polymorphisms
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hye-Sun Gwak
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3277-4376; Fax: +82-2-3277-3051
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de Leon-Diaz de Leon EA, Gordillo-Moscoso A, Medina Ú, Hernández ÁAV, Almendra-Pegueros R, Quijano JML. New Analytical Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Losartan and E-3174 by HPLC in Human Plasma: Application in Pharmaceutical Science. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666191209111221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Losartan, one of the most frequently used drugs in Heart Failure (HF)
treatment, could be modified for its bioavailability (BA) by generic formulations and other factors.
Hence, the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring.
Objective:
Development and validation of a simplified analytical method using HPLC for simultaneous
quantification of losartan and E-3174 in human plasma samples. The method was tested for determining
the pharmacokinetics parameters of HF patients.
Methods:
Analytical conditions were optimized using a C18 column (4.6 X 50 mm, 3 μm. Thermo
Scientific) at 25ºC. Conditions of mobile phase: a phosphate buffer (0.01M), adjusted to pH 2.5 with
phosphoric acid (1M) and Acetonitrile (60:40 v/v). The flow rate was maintained at 1.2 mL/min, on a
running time of 5 min and a sample injection volume of 50 μL. Absorbance for measurement of
losartan and E-3174 was 200 nm. Pharmacokinetics profiles were determined with Phoenix Win-
Nonlin 8.1 software in a non-compartmental model.
Results:
Analytical method developed and validated in this work is precise and accurate for simultaneous
determination of losartan and E-3174 in human plasma samples in a range of 0.02 -10 μg/mL.
In HF subjects, lower Tmax and higher Cmax for losartan and E-3174 patent than generic formulation
were observed, which can be translated into less biological effect and more time to present it by
the generic drug.
Conclusion:
The pharmacokinetic profile is dependent on the type of formulation studied (generic/
patent) hence the importance of conducting evaluations in our patients to ensure that the expected
therapeutic effect is achieved with treatment administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Alejandro de Leon-Diaz de Leon
- Laboratorio de Investigacion Traslacional en Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Antonio Gordillo-Moscoso
- Laboratorio de Investigacion Traslacional en Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Úrsula Medina
- Laboratorio de Investigacion Traslacional en Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Almendra-Pegueros
- Laboratorio de Investigacion Traslacional en Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Juan M. López Quijano
- Departamento de Cardiologia, Hospital Central Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
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Hebishy AMS, Abdelfattah MS, Elmorsy A, Elwahy AHM. ZnO nanoparticles catalyzed synthesis of bis- and poly(imidazoles) as potential anticancer agents. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1726396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali M. S. Hebishy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Abdullah Elmorsy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. M. Elwahy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Effects of Xuesaitong on the Pharmacokinetics of Losartan: An In Vivo UPLC-MS/MS Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8373476. [PMID: 31511782 PMCID: PMC6710810 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8373476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether Xuesaitong, a multiherbal formulation for coronary heart disease, alters the pharmacokinetics of losartan. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats randomly received losartan (10 mg/kg) or losartan plus Xuesaitong (10 mg/kg) through an oral gavage (n = 6). Multiple blood samples were obtained for up to 36 h to determine the concentrations of losartan and its active metabolite, EXP3174, through ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Pharmacokinetics were estimated using a noncompartmental model. The half-life (t1/2) of losartan was decreased by Xuesaitong (4.26 ± 1.51 vs. 6.35 ± 2.10 h; P < 0.05). The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of losartan was also decreased by the combination of losartan and Xuesaitong (4.41 ± 1.61 vs. 7.20 ± 2.41 mL; P < 0.05). The time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of losartan was increased by Xuesaitong (1.06 ± 1.04 vs. 0.13 ± 0.05 h; P < 0.05). Xuesaitong also decreased the t1/2 of EXP3174 (8.22 ± 1.41 vs. 6.29 ± 1.38 h; P < 0.05). These results suggest that there is a complex interaction between losartan and Xuesaitong. In addition to enhanced elimination of losartan and EXP3174, Xuesaitong may also decrease the absorption rate and Vd of losartan.
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Yu M, Yao Q, Zhang Y, Chen H, He H, Zhang Y, Yin T, Tang X, Xu H. Core/shell PLGA microspheres with controllable in vivo release profile via rational core phase design. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:1070-1079. [PMID: 29484961 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1443940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Highly soluble drugs tend to release from preparations at high speeds, which make them need to be taken at frequent intervals. Additionally, some drugs need to be controlled to release in vivo at certain periods, so as to achieve therapeutic effects. Thus, the objective of this study is to design injectable microparticulate systems with controllable in vivo release profile. Biodegradable PLGA was used as the matrix material to fabricate microspheres using the traditional double emulsification-solvent evaporation method as well as improved techniques, with gel (5% gelatine or 25% F127) or LP powders as the inner phases. Their physicochemical properties were systemically investigated. Microspheres prepared by modified methods had an increase in drug loading (15.50, 16.72, 15.66%, respectively) and encapsulation efficiencies (73.46, 79.42, 74.40%, respectively) when compared with traditional methods (12.01 and 57.06%). The morphology of the particles was characterized by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the amorphous nature of the encapsulated drug was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. To evaluate their release behaviour, the in vitro degradation, in vitro release and in vivo pharmacodynamics were subsequently studied. Traditional microspheres prepared in this study with water as the inner phase had a relatively short release period within 16 d when compared with modified microspheres with 5% gelatine as the inner phase, which resulted in a smooth release profile and appropriate plasma LP concentrations over 21 d. Thus this type of modified microspheres can be better used in drugs requiring sustained release. The other two formulations containing 25% F127 and LP micropowders presented two-stage release profiles, resulting in fluctuant plasma LP concentrations which may be suitable for drugs requiring controlled release. All the results suggested that drug release rates from the microspheres prepared by various methods were mainly controlled by either the porosity inside the microspheres or the degradation of materials, which could, therefore, lead to different release behaviours. This results indicated great potential of the PLGA microsphere formulation as an injectable depot for controllable in vivo release profile via rational core phase design. Core/shell microspheres fabricated by modified double emulsification-solvent evaporation methods, with various inner phases, to obtain high loading drugs system, as well as appropriate release behaviours. Accordingly, control in vivo release profile via rational core phase design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yu
- a School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Qing Yao
- a School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- a School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Huilin Chen
- a School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Haibing He
- a School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- a School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Tian Yin
- a School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Xing Tang
- a School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- a School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , PR China
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12
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Nguyen HQ, Lin J, Kimoto E, Callegari E, Tse S, Obach RS. Prediction of Losartan-Active Carboxylic Acid Metabolite Exposure Following Losartan Administration Using Static and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2758-2770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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Lee JJ, Galatioto J, Rao S, Ramirez F, Costa KD. Losartan Attenuates Degradation of Aorta and Lung Tissue Micromechanics in a Mouse Model of Severe Marfan Syndrome. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:2994-3006. [PMID: 27090893 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disease of the connective tissue due to mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1). This study aimed at characterizing microelastic properties of the ascending aortic wall and lung parenchyma tissues from wild type (WT) and age-matched Fbn1 hypomorphic mice (Fbn1(mgR/mgR) mice) to identify tissue-specific biomechanical effects of aging and disease in MFS. Atomic force microscopy was used to indent lung parenchyma and aortic wall tissues, using Hybrid Eshelby Decomposition analysis to extract layer-specific properties of the intima and media. The intima stiffened with age and was not different between WT and Fbn1(mgR/mgR) tissues, whereas the media layer of MFS aortas showed progressive structural and mechanical degradation with a modulus that was 50% softer than WT by 3.5 months of age. Similarly, MFS mice displayed progressive structural and mechanical deterioration of lung tissue, which was over 85% softer than WT by 3.5 months of age. Chronic treatment with the angiotensin type I receptor antagonist, losartan, attenuated the aorta and lung tissue degradation, resulting in structural and mechanical properties not significantly different from age-matched WT controls. By revealing micromechanical softening of elastin-rich aorta and lung tissues with disease progression in fibrillin-1 deficient mice, our findings support the use of losartan as a prophylactic treatment that may abrogate the life-threatening symptoms of MFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jye Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Josephine Galatioto
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Satish Rao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Francesco Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kevin D Costa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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14
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of heterocyclic privileged medicinal structures containing (benz)imidazole unit. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Forsdyke DR. Doctor-scientist-patients who barketh not: the quantified self-movement and crowd-sourcing research. J Eval Clin Pract 2015. [PMID: 26201555 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Forsdyke
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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16
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Srinivas NR. Prediction of area under the curve for a p-glycoprotein, a CYP3A4 and a CYP2C9 substrate using a single time point strategy: assessment using fexofenadine, itraconazole and losartan and metabolites. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:945-57. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1096278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Elbaz M, Yanay N, Laban S, Rabie M, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S, Nevo Y. Life or death by NFκB, Losartan promotes survival in dy2J/dy2J mouse of MDC1A. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1690. [PMID: 25766329 PMCID: PMC4385938 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and fibrosis are well-defined mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the incurable Laminin α2-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (MDC1A), while apoptosis mechanism is barely discussed. Our previous study showed treatment with Losartan, an angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist, improved muscle strength and reduced fibrosis through transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling inhibition in the dy2J/dy2J mouse model of MDC1A. Here we show for the first time that Losartan treatment up-regulates and shifts the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway to favor survival versus apoptosis/damage in this animal model. Losartan treatment was associated with significantly increased serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level, p65 nuclei accumulation, and decreased muscle IκB-β protein level, indicating NFκB activation. Moreover, NFκB anti-apoptotic target genes TNF receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (cIAP2), and Ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) were increased following Losartan treatment. Losartan induced protein expression toward a pro-survival profile as BCL-2 expression levels were increased and Caspase-3 expression levels were decreased. Muscle apoptosis reduction was further confirmed using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Thus, along with TGF-β and MAPK signaling, NFκB serves as an important regulatory pathway which following Losartan treatment promotes survival in the dy2J/dy2J mouse model of MDC1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elbaz
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory and Neuropediatric Unit, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N Yanay
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory and Neuropediatric Unit, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Laban
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory and Neuropediatric Unit, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Rabie
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory and Neuropediatric Unit, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Mitrani-Rosenbaum
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Nevo
- 1] Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory and Neuropediatric Unit, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel [2] Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan St., Petach Tikva, Israel
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18
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Zhang L, Peng XM, Damu GLV, Geng RX, Zhou CH. Comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:340-437. [PMID: 23740514 DOI: 10.1002/med.21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole ring is an important five-membered aromatic heterocycle widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The unique structural feature of imidazole ring with desirable electron-rich characteristic is beneficial for imidazole derivatives to readily bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through diverse weak interactions, thereby exhibiting broad bioactivities. The related research and developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous imidazole-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in the clinic to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which have shown the enormous development value. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents, together with their potential applications in diagnostics and pathology. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic imidazole-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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