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Austin PD, Siddall PJ, Lovell MR. Feasibility and acceptability of virtual reality for cancer pain in people receiving palliative care: a randomised cross-over study. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:3995-4005. [PMID: 35064330 PMCID: PMC8782583 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-06824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pain management in palliative care remains inadequate; the development of innovative therapeutic options is needed. OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness for larger randomised controlled trials of 3D head-mounted (HMD) virtual reality (VR) for managing cancer pain (CP) in adults. METHODS Thirteen people receiving palliative care participated in a single-session randomised cross-over trial, after which they completed a qualitative semi-structured interview. We also compared the effects of 3D HMD VR and 2D screen applications on CP intensity and levels of perceived presence. Feasibility was assessed with recruitment, completion rates and time required to recruit target sample. RESULTS Although recruitment was slow, completion rate was high (93%). Participants reported that the intervention was acceptable and caused few side effects. Although participants reported significantly reduced CP intensity after 3D HMD VR (1.9 ± 1.8, P = .003) and 2D screen applications (1.5 ± 1.6, P = .007), no significant differences were found between interventions (-.38 ± 1.2, 95% CI: -1.1-.29, P = .23). Participants reported significantly higher levels of presence with the 3D HMD VR compared to 2D screen (60.7 ± SD 12.4 versus 34.3 ± SD 17.1, mean 95% CI: 16.4-40.7, P = .001). Increased presence was associated with significantly lower pain intensity (mean 95% CI: -.04--0.01, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings support growing evidence that both 3D and 2D virtual applications provide pain relief for people receiving palliative care. Given the relative lack of cybersickness and increasing access to portable VR, we suggest that larger clinical studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Austin
- Department of Palliative Care, HammondCare, Greenwich Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Philip J Siddall
- Department of Pain Management, HammondCare, Greenwich Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melanie R Lovell
- Department of Palliative Care, HammondCare, Greenwich Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Austin P, Lovell M, Siddall P. The Efficacy of Virtual Reality for Persistent Cancer Pain: A Call for Research. J Pain Symptom Manage 2019; 58:e11-e14. [PMID: 31323287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Vyas AM, Kogut SJ, Aroke H. Real-World Direct Health Care Costs Associated with Psychotropic Polypharmacy Among Adults with Common Cancer Types in the United States. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2019; 25:555-565. [PMID: 31039063 PMCID: PMC10397647 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.5.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotropic polypharmacy is not uncommon among cancer patients and may contribute to the increased direct health care cost burden in this population. OBJECTIVE To estimate average direct health care costs in the year following cancer diagnosis among cancer patients receiving psychotropic polypharmacy compared with those without psychotropic polypharmacy, using a multivariable analysis framework. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among patients aged 18 years and older diagnosed with the most commonly occurring cancers (breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal) in the United States during 2011-2012 using the deidentified Optum Clinformatics Data Mart commercial claims database. Psychotropic polypharmacy was defined as concurrent use of 2 or more psychotropic medications for at least 90 days. Direct health care costs in the year following cancer diagnosis were estimated as total medical payments made by the health plans and were derived from claims files. A generalized linear regression model with log-link function and gamma distribution was used to model average direct health care costs, controlling for baseline patient demographic and clinical covariates. RESULTS Average annual direct health care costs for cancer patients with psychotropic polypharmacy ($53,497; SD $72,590) were higher than those without psychotropic polypharmacy ($38,255; SD $59,844), with an unadjusted average cost difference of $15,242 (P < 0.0001). In the adjusted regression model, the average difference in costs shrunk to $5,888 but remained notable. When examined by type of cancer, average direct health care costs for all cancer patients with psychotropic polypharmacy were significantly higher than those for patients without psychotropic polypharmacy, except for colorectal cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall health care costs were higher among cancer patients with psychotropic polypharmacy compared with those without psychotropic polypharmacy. Our findings support the need for future research to better understand the benefits and risks of psychotropic polypharmacy, given its potential to cause adverse health outcomes and avoidable health care utilization and costs for this vulnerable patient population. DISCLOSURES This study was funded by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) New Investigator Award mechanism, which was received by Vyas. Aroke was partially supported by the AACP grant for conducting data analysis of the study. Kogut is partially supported by Institutional Development Award Number U54GM115677 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, which funds Advance Clinical and Translational Research (Advance-CTR). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health and the AACP. The authors report no conflicts of interest. An abstract of this study was presented as a poster at the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Annual Meeting on July 22, 2018, in Boston, MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami M. Vyas
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Kingston
| | - Stephen J. Kogut
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Kingston
| | - Hilary Aroke
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Kingston
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Aroke HA, Vyas AM, Buchanan AL, Kogut SJ. Prevalence of Psychotropic Polypharmacy and Associated Healthcare Resource Utilization during Initial Phase of Care among Adults with Cancer in USA. Drugs Real World Outcomes 2019; 6:73-82. [PMID: 31020617 PMCID: PMC6520416 DOI: 10.1007/s40801-019-0153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of psychotropic medications is not uncommon among patients with newly diagnosed cancer. However, the impact of psychotropic polypharmacy on healthcare utilization during the initial phase of cancer care is largely unknown. METHODS We used a claims database to identify adults with incident breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers diagnosed during 2011-12. Psychotropic polypharmacy was defined as concurrent use of two or more psychotropic medication classes for at least 90 days. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify significant predictors of psychotropic polypharmacy. Multivariable Poisson and negative binomial regressions were used to assess the associations between psychotropic polypharmacy and healthcare utilization. RESULTS Among 5604 patients included in the study, 52.6% had breast cancer, 30.6% had prostate cancer, 11.4% had colorectal cancer, and 5.5% had lung cancer. During the year following incident cancer diagnosis, psychotropic polypharmacy was reported in 7.4% of patients, with the highest prevalence among patients with lung cancer (14.4%). Compared with patients without psychotropic polypharmacy during the initial phase of care, patients with newly diagnosed cancer with psychotropic polypharmacy had a 30% higher rate of physician office visits, an 18% higher rate of hospitalization, and a 30% higher rate of outpatient visits. The rate of emergency room visits was similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION Psychotropic polypharmacy during the initial phase of cancer care was associated with significantly increased healthcare resource utilization, and the proportion of patients receiving psychotropic polypharmacy differed by type of cancer. IMPACT Findings emphasize the importance of evidence-based psychotropic prescribing and close surveillance of events causing increased healthcare utilization among patients with cancer receiving psychotropic polypharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Aroke
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Ami M Vyas
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| | - Ashley L Buchanan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Stephen J Kogut
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
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Decker V, Sikorskii A, Given CW, Given BA, Vachon E, Krauss JC. Effects of depressive symptomatology on cancer-related symptoms during oral oncolytic treatment. Psychooncology 2018; 28:99-106. [PMID: 30311987 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This manuscript assesses association between depressive symptoms and symptoms from cancer and its treatment during the first 12 weeks of a new oral oncolytic treatment. METHODS This secondary analysis used data from a recently completed trial of an intervention to improve adherence to oral oncolytic treatment and manage symptoms. Following the initiation of the new oral oncolytic medication, 272 patients were interviewed at intake and weeks 4, 8, and 12 to assess depressive symptoms, and symptoms from cancer and its treatment. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D20). The summed index of 18 cancer-related and treatment-related symptoms as well as the number of symptoms above threshold at intake, weeks 4, 8, and 12 were related to intake and time-varying CES-D20 using linear mixed effects models. RESULTS Depressive symptomatology was a significant predictor of cancer-related and treatment-related symptoms at all-time points, but the strength of this relationship was greatest at the time of oral oncolytic agent initiation and at week 4. The strength of this relationship was the same for both summed symptom severity index and the number of symptoms above threshold, and using either intake or time-varying CES-D20. CONCLUSION Introducing strategies to treat and manage symptoms of depression along with other symptoms might have added benefits among patients who start a new oral oncolytic treatment and report modest to higher levels of depressive symptoms. Assessments for the impact of strategies to lower depressive symptoms can be taken within the first 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Decker
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Alla Sikorskii
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Charles W Given
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Barbara A Given
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Eric Vachon
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - John C Krauss
- Hematology Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Abstract
Psychiatric and physical conditions often coexist, and there is robust evidence that associates the frequency of depression with single and multiple physical conditions. More than half of patients with depression may have at least one chronic physical condition. Therefore, antidepressants are often used in cotherapy with other medications for the management of both psychiatric and chronic physical illnesses. The risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is augmented by complex polypharmacy regimens and extended periods of treatment required, of which possible outcomes range from tolerability issues to lack of efficacy and serious adverse events. Optimal patient outcomes may be achieved through drug selection with minimal potential for DDIs. Desvenlafaxine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor approved for the treatment of adults with major depressive disorder. Pharmacokinetic studies of desvenlafaxine have shown a simple metabolic profile unique among antidepressants. This review examines the DDI profiles of antidepressants, particularly desvenlafaxine, in relation to drugs of different therapeutic areas. The summary and comparison of information available is meant to help clinicians in making informed decisions when using desvenlafaxine in patients with depression and comorbid chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Low
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Graca Lima
- Global Medical Affairs, Asia-Pacific Region, Pfizer, Hong Kong
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What type and dose of antidepressants are cancer and non-cancer inpatients being prescribed: a retrospective case-control study at an Australian tertiary hospital. Support Care Cancer 2017; 26:625-634. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Reich M, Kotecki N. Interactions médicamenteuses entre les psychotropes et les thérapies pharmacologiques en oncologie : quelles modalités de prescription ? PSYCHO-ONCOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11839-015-0540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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De Fazio P, Barberi A, Caglioti F, Pierfrancesco T, Piersandro T, Segura-García C. Mental adjustment to cancer: the role of anxious and depressive symptoms under treatment. Int J Psychiatry Med 2014; 46:375-86. [PMID: 24922988 DOI: 10.2190/pm.46.4.d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is a risk factor for poor quality of life and mental adjustment to cancer. This research aims to evaluate the course of mental adjustment to illness of cancer patients with anxious-depressive symptoms who receive antidepressant therapy (ADT). METHOD Eighty oncological patients with and without depressive symptoms were divided into three groups. Group 1: 30 depressed cancer patients who underwent ADT with SSRI; Group 2: 30 depressed cancer patients who refused ADT; Group 3: 20 non-depressed cancer patients. Patients were evaluated at tO and 4 (tl) and 12 (t2) weeks later through: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), and MINI-MAC. RESULTS HDRS and HARS mean scores were stable and under threshold across the study only in Group 3; at t2 they improved in Group 1 and worsened in Group 2. The improvements in anxiety and depression scores were associated with ADT and related to the changes in Mini-MAC helpless-hopeless, anxious preoccupations, cognitive avoidance and fighting spirit dimensions. CONCLUSION The improvement of mental adjustment to illness is directly related to the decrease of anxious-depressive symptoms among depressed cancer patients under antidepressant therapy.
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Grassi L, Caruso R, Hammelef K, Nanni MG, Riba M. Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in cancer-related psychiatric disorders across the trajectory of cancer care: a review. Int Rev Psychiatry 2014; 26:44-62. [PMID: 24716500 DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2013.842542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
At least 25-30% of patients with cancer and an even higher percentage of patients in an advanced phase of illness meet the criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis, including depression, anxiety, stress-related syndromes, adjustment disorders, sleep disorders and delirium. A number of studies have accumulated over the last 35 years on the use of psychotropic drugs as a pillar in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Major advances in psycho-oncology research have also shown the efficacy of psychotropic drugs as adjuvant treatment of cancer-related symptoms, such as pain, hot flushes, pruritus, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. The knowledge about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical use, safety, side effects and efficacy of psychotropic drugs in cancer care is essential for an integrated and multidimensional approach to patients treated in different settings, including community-based centres, oncology, and palliative care. A search of the major databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycLIT, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library) was conducted in order to summarize relevant data concerning the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for cancer-related psychiatric disorders in cancer patients across the trajectory of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Grassi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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Tralau T, Luch A. "Drugs on oxygen": an update and perspective on the role of cytochrome P450 testing in pharmacology. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:1357-62. [PMID: 22970688 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.722620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Low hit rates for lead compounds and high attrition remain a major problem for drug development. The reasons for compound failure range from poor pharmacokinetics to toxic metabolites and adverse drug interactions; all of which are frequently mediated by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (CYPs). However, despite some 30 years of assay development and refinement, CYP metabolism remains a critical issue during drug development. While current testing strategies succeed in characterizing single substance toxicity, they are challenged by practical issues such as assay standardization or complex scenarios such as multidrug usage. This editorial summarizes where we stand and highlights the major challenges we face with CYPs in drug development today. The article also tries to spell out the future direction of CYP testing. The latter will depend on the extended inclusion of polypharmacy into testing strategies, as well as on our capability to make use of upcoming complex in vitro test systems and their inclusion into tiered testing strategies.
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