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Oh ET, Kim HG, Choi MH, Lee JS, Kim SJ, Kwak JY, Park HJ. Multi-Layer Nanofibrous PCL Scaffold-Based Colon Cancer Cell Cultures to Mimic Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment for Bioassay. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143550. [PMID: 34298763 PMCID: PMC8305385 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multi-layer, nanofibrous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold (pNFS)-based colon cancer cell cultures mimic the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. The simple procedure generates a 3D hypoxic tumor microenvironment comprising defined numbers and densities of colon cancer cells with easily controllable lateral dimensions and a thickness defined by pNFS. This pNFS-based multi-layered colon cancer cell culture system is useful for bioassays, for drug screening, and as a replacement for small animals in testing the effects of a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) cancer cell culture systems have been developed to aid the study of molecular mechanisms in cancer development, identify therapeutic targets, and test drug candidates. In this study, we developed a strategy for mimicking the hypoxic tumor microenvironment in a 3D cancer cell culture system using multi-layer, nanofibrous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold (pNFS)-based cancer cell cultures. We found that human colon cancer cells infiltrated pNFS within 3 days and could be cultured three-dimensionally within the NFS. When incubated in four stacks of 30 µm-thick pNFS for 3 days, colon cancer cells in layer three showed partially reduced entry into the S phase, whereas those in layer four, located farthest from the media, showed a marked reduction in S-phase entry. As a consequence, cells in layer four exhibited hypoxia-induced disorganization of F-actin on day 3, and those in layers three and four showed an increase in the expression of the hypoxia-induced transcription factor HIF-1α and its target genes, Glut1, CA9, VEGF, and LDHA. Consistent with these results, doxorubicin- and ionizing radiation-induced cell death was reduced in colon cancer cells cultured in layers three and four. These results suggest that pNFS-based multi-layer colon cancer cell cultures mimic the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and are useful for bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Taex Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Ha Gyeong Kim
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.G.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Min-Ho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Immune Network Pioneer Research Center & 3D Immune System Imaging Core Center, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.G.K.); (J.-S.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intracellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Immune Network Pioneer Research Center & 3D Immune System Imaging Core Center, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.K.); (H.J.P.)
| | - Heon Joo Park
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.G.K.); (J.-S.L.)
- Research Center for Controlling Intracellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.K.); (H.J.P.)
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Matsusaki M, Case CP, Akashi M. Three-dimensional cell culture technique and pathophysiology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 74:95-103. [PMID: 24462454 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs consisting of human cells have opened a new avenue for tissue engineering, pharmaceutical and pathophysiological applications, and have great potential to estimate the dynamic pharmacological effects of drug candidates, metastasis processes of cancer cells, and toxicity expression of nano-materials, as a 3D-human tissue model instead of in vivo animal experiments. However, most 3D-cellular constructs are a cell spheroid, which is a heterogeneous aggregation, and thus the reconstruction of the delicate and precise 3D-location of multiple types of cells is almost impossible. In recent years, various novel technologies to develop complex 3D-human tissues including blood and lymph capillary networks have demonstrated that physiological human tissue responses can be replicated in the nano/micro-meter ranges. Here, we provide a brief overview on current 3D-tissue fabrication technologies and their biomedical applications. 3D-human tissue models will be a powerful technique for pathophysiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Charles Patrick Case
- Bristol Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Clinical Science at North Bristol University of Bristol, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Forsberg EM, Sicard C, Brennan JD. Solid-phase biological assays for drug discovery. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2014; 7:337-359. [PMID: 25000820 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past 30 years, there has been a significant growth in the use of solid-phase assays in the area of drug discovery, with a range of new assays being used for both soluble and membrane-bound targets. In this review, we provide some basic background to typical drug targets and immobilization protocols used in solid-phase biological assays (SPBAs) for drug discovery, with emphasis on particularly labile biomolecular targets such as kinases and membrane-bound receptors, and highlight some of the more recent approaches for producing protein microarrays, bioaffinity columns, and other devices that are central to small molecule screening by SPBA. We then discuss key applications of such assays to identify drug leads, with an emphasis on the screening of mixtures. We conclude by highlighting specific advantages and potential disadvantages of SPBAs, particularly as they relate to particular assay formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Forsberg
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada;
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