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de Almeida LGN, Thode H, Eslambolchi Y, Chopra S, Young D, Gill S, Devel L, Dufour A. Matrix Metalloproteinases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:712-768. [PMID: 35738680 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was discovered in 1962 from the tail of a tadpole by its ability to degrade collagen. As their name suggests, matrix metalloproteinases are proteases capable of remodeling the extracellular matrix. More recently, MMPs have been demonstrated to play numerous additional biologic roles in cell signaling, immune regulation, and transcriptional control, all of which are unrelated to the degradation of the extracellular matrix. In this review, we will present milestones and major discoveries of MMP research, including various clinical trials for the use of MMP inhibitors. We will discuss the reasons behind the failures of most MMP inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. There are still misconceptions about the pathophysiological roles of MMPs and the best strategies to inhibit their detrimental functions. This review aims to discuss MMPs in preclinical models and human pathologies. We will discuss new biochemical tools to track their proteolytic activity in vivo and ex vivo, in addition to future pharmacological alternatives to inhibit their detrimental functions in diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in most inflammatory, autoimmune, cancers, and pathogen-mediated diseases. Initially overlooked, MMP contributions can be both beneficial and detrimental in disease progression and resolution. Thousands of MMP substrates have been suggested, and a few hundred have been validated. After more than 60 years of MMP research, there remain intriguing enigmas to solve regarding their biological functions in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G N de Almeida
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Hayley Thode
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Yekta Eslambolchi
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sameeksha Chopra
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Daniel Young
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sean Gill
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Laurent Devel
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 Mediates APP Proteolysis and Lysosomal Alterations Induced by Oxidative Stress in Human Neuronal Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5917187. [PMID: 33282112 PMCID: PMC7685830 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5917187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The alteration of amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteolysis is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have described noncanonical pathways of APP processing that seem partly executed by lysosomal enzymes. Our laboratory's in vitro human SK-N-MC model has shown that oxidative stress (OS) alters the lysosomal degradation pathway and the processing/metabolism of APP. The present study identifies the lysosomal protein matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) as a protease involved in the APP noncanonical processing. Previous expression analyses of the above cells showed MMP14 to be overexpressed under OS. In the present work, its role in changes in OS-induced APP proteolysis and lysosomal load was examined. The results show that MMP14 mediates the accumulation of an ≈85 kDa N-terminal APP fragment and increases the lysosome load induced by OS. These results were validated in neurons and neural progenitor cells generated from the induced pluripotent stem cells of patients with sporadic AD, reinforcing the idea that MMP14 may offer a therapeutic target in this disease.
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El‐Husseiny AF, Hassan HH, Fadhil FM, Khalil TE. Nanometer‐sized, rod‐like, ligand‐containing tryptophan complexes: Anion influence–structural geometry–antitumor activity correlations. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amel F. El‐Husseiny
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University PO Box 421 Ibrahimia Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Hammed H.A.M. Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University PO Box 421 Ibrahimia Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Firas M. Fadhil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University PO Box 421 Ibrahimia Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Tarek E. Khalil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University PO Box 421 Ibrahimia Alexandria 21321 Egypt
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Design and synthesis of selective and blood-brain barrier-permeable hydroxamate-based gelatinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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The Rebirth of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors: Moving Beyond the Dogma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090984. [PMID: 31461880 PMCID: PMC6769477 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors began in earnest over three decades ago. Initial clinical trials were disappointing, resulting in a negative view of MMPs as therapeutic targets. As a better understanding of MMP biology and inhibitor pharmacokinetic properties emerged, it became clear that initial MMP inhibitor clinical trials were held prematurely. Further complicating matters were problematic conclusions drawn from animal model studies. The most recent generation of MMP inhibitors have desirable selectivities and improved pharmacokinetics, resulting in improved toxicity profiles. Application of selective MMP inhibitors led to the conclusion that MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and MT1-MMP are not involved in musculoskeletal syndrome, a common side effect observed with broad spectrum MMP inhibitors. Specific activities within a single MMP can now be inhibited. Better definition of the roles of MMPs in immunological responses and inflammation will help inform clinic trials, and multiple studies indicate that modulating MMP activity can improve immunotherapy. There is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved MMP inhibitor for periodontal disease, and several MMP inhibitors are in clinic trials, targeting a variety of maladies including gastric cancer, diabetic foot ulcers, and multiple sclerosis. It is clearly time to move on from the dogma of viewing MMP inhibition as intractable.
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Afratis NA, Sagi I. Novel Approaches for Extracellular Matrix Targeting in Disease Treatment. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1952:261-275. [PMID: 30825181 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9133-4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules, apart from structural role for the surrounding tissue, have also been defined as crucial mediators in several cell mechanisms. The proteolytic and cross-linking cascades of ECM have fundamental importance in health and disease, which is increasingly becoming acknowledged. However, formidable challenges remain to identify the diverse and novel role of ECM molecules, especially with regard to their distinct biophysical, biochemical, and structural properties. Considering the heterogeneous, dynamic, and hierarchical nature of ECM, the characterization of 3D functional molecular view of ECM in atomic detail will be very useful for further ECM-related studies. Nowadays, the creation of a pioneer ECM multidisciplinary integrated platform in order to decipher ECM homeostasis is more possible than ever. The access to cutting-edge technologies, such as optical imaging and electron and atomic force microscopies, along with diffraction and X-ray-based spectroscopic methods can integrate spanning wide ranges of spatial and time resolutions. Subsequently, ECM image-guided site-directed proteomics can reveal molecular compositions in defined native and reconstituted ECM microenvironments. In addition, the use of highly selective ECM enzyme inhibitors enables the comparative molecular analyses within pre-classified remodeled ECM microenvironments. Mechanistic information which will be derived can be used to develop novel protein-based inhibitors for effective diagnostic and/or therapeutic modalities targeting ECM reactions within tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Herbster S, Paladino A, de Freitas S, Boccardo E. Alterations in the expression and activity of extracellular matrix components in HPV-associated infections and diseases. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e551s. [PMID: 30208169 PMCID: PMC6113921 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e551s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with human papillomaviruses is associated with a series of benign and malignant hyperproliferative diseases that impose a heavy burden on human populations. A subgroup of mucosal human papillomavirus types are associated with the majority of cervical cancers and a relevant fraction of vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile and head and neck carcinomas. Human papillomaviruses mediate cell transformation by the expression of two pleiotropic oncoproteins that alter major cellular regulatory pathways. However, these viruses are not complete carcinogens, and further alterations within the infected cells and in their microenvironment are necessary for tumor establishment and progression. Alterations in components of the extracellular matrix for instance, matrix metalloproteinases and some of their regulators such as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, have been consistently reported in human papillomaviruses-associated diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases function by remodeling the extracellular matrix and alterations in their expression levels and/or activity are associated with pathological processes and clinical variables including local tumor invasion, metastasis, tumor relapse and overall patient prognosis and survival. In this review we present a summarized discussion on the current data concerning the impact of human papillomavirus infection on the activity and expression of extracellular matrix components. We further comment on the possibility of targeting extracellular matrix molecules in experimental treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Herbster
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Paladino
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sumara de Freitas
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mishra S, Tripathi R, Singh S. Crosstalk of proteins, miRNAs involved in metastatic and epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathways. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2016.1256843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Thakur V, Bedogni B. The membrane tethered matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP at the forefront of melanoma cell invasion and metastasis. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Muvva C, Patra S, Venkatesan S. MMpI: A WideRange of Available Compounds of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159321. [PMID: 27509041 PMCID: PMC4979873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent proteinases involved in the regulation of the extracellular signaling and structural matrix environment of cells and tissues. MMPs are considered as promising targets for the treatment of many diseases. Therefore, creation of database on the inhibitors of MMP would definitely accelerate the research activities in this area due to its implication in above-mentioned diseases and associated limitations in the first and second generation inhibitors. In this communication, we report the development of a new MMpI database which provides resourceful information for all researchers working in this field. It is a web-accessible, unique resource that contains detailed information on the inhibitors of MMP including small molecules, peptides and MMP Drug Leads. The database contains entries of ~3000 inhibitors including ~72 MMP Drug Leads and ~73 peptide based inhibitors. This database provides the detailed molecular and structural details which are necessary for the drug discovery and development. The MMpI database contains physical properties, 2D and 3D structures (mol2 and pdb format files) of inhibitors of MMP. Other data fields are hyperlinked to PubChem, ChEMBL, BindingDB, DrugBank, PDB, MEROPS and PubMed. The database has extensive searching facility with MMpI ID, IUPAC name, chemical structure and with the title of research article. The MMP inhibitors provided in MMpI database are optimized using Python-based Hierarchical Environment for Integrated Xtallography (Phenix) software. MMpI Database is unique and it is the only public database that contains and provides the complete information on the inhibitors of MMP. Database URL: http://clri.res.in/subramanian/databases/mmpi/index.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charuvaka Muvva
- Chemical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjukta Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Subramanian Venkatesan
- Chemical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
- * E-mail: ;
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Eckhard U, Huesgen PF, Schilling O, Bellac CL, Butler GS, Cox JH, Dufour A, Goebeler V, Kappelhoff R, Keller UAD, Klein T, Lange PF, Marino G, Morrison CJ, Prudova A, Rodriguez D, Starr AE, Wang Y, Overall CM. Active site specificity profiling of the matrix metalloproteinase family: Proteomic identification of 4300 cleavage sites by nine MMPs explored with structural and synthetic peptide cleavage analyses. Matrix Biol 2015; 49:37-60. [PMID: 26407638 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Secreted and membrane tethered matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key homeostatic proteases regulating the extracellular signaling and structural matrix environment of cells and tissues. For drug targeting of proteases, selectivity for individual molecules is highly desired and can be met by high yield active site specificity profiling. Using the high throughput Proteomic Identification of protease Cleavage Sites (PICS) method to simultaneously profile both the prime and non-prime sides of the cleavage sites of nine human MMPs, we identified more than 4300 cleavages from P6 to P6' in biologically diverse human peptide libraries. MMP specificity and kinetic efficiency were mainly guided by aliphatic and aromatic residues in P1' (with a ~32-93% preference for leucine depending on the MMP), and basic and small residues in P2' and P3', respectively. A wide differential preference for the hallmark P3 proline was found between MMPs ranging from 15 to 46%, yet when combined in the same peptide with the universally preferred P1' leucine, an unexpected negative cooperativity emerged. This was not observed in previous studies, probably due to the paucity of approaches that profile both the prime and non-prime sides together, and the masking of subsite cooperativity effects by global heat maps and iceLogos. These caveats make it critical to check for these biologically highly important effects by fixing all 20 amino acids one-by-one in the respective subsites and thorough assessing of the inferred specificity logo changes. Indeed an analysis of bona fide MEROPS physiological substrate cleavage data revealed that of the 37 natural substrates with either a P3-Pro or a P1'-Leu only 5 shared both features, confirming the PICS data. Upon probing with several new quenched-fluorescent peptides, rationally designed on our specificity data, the negative cooperativity was explained by reduced non-prime side flexibility constraining accommodation of the rigidifying P3 proline with leucine locked in S1'. Similar negative cooperativity between P3 proline and the novel preference for asparagine in P1 cements our conclusion that non-prime side flexibility greatly impacts MMP binding affinity and cleavage efficiency. Thus, unexpected sequence cooperativity consequences were revealed by PICS that uniquely encompasses both the non-prime and prime sides flanking the proteomic-pinpointed scissile bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Eckhard
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Present address: Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Present address: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caroline L Bellac
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Present address: Swissmedic, Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georgina S Butler
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer H Cox
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Present address: Inception Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Verena Goebeler
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Reinhild Kappelhoff
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Present address: Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Theo Klein
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Philipp F Lange
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Present address: Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Giada Marino
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charlotte J Morrison
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Present address: Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Prudova
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Rodriguez
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Present address: Department of Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Amanda E Starr
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Present address: Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yili Wang
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Shay G, Lynch CC, Fingleton B. Moving targets: Emerging roles for MMPs in cancer progression and metastasis. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:200-6. [PMID: 25652204 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases have long been associated with cancer. Clinical trials of small molecule inhibitors for this family of enzymes however, were spectacularly unsuccessful in a variety of tumor types. Here, we discuss some of the newer roles that have been uncovered for MMPs in cancer that would not have been targeted with those initial inhibitors or in the patient populations analyzed. We also consider novel ways of using cancer-associated MMP activity for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Shay
- Dept. of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Conor C Lynch
- Dept. of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Barbara Fingleton
- Dept of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Fields GB. New strategies for targeting matrix metalloproteinases. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:239-46. [PMID: 25595836 PMCID: PMC4466128 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors has often been frustrated by a lack of specificity and subsequent off-target effects. More recently, inhibitor design has considered secondary binding sites (exosites) to improve specificity. Small molecules and peptides have been developed that bind exosites in the catalytic (CAT) domain of MMP-13, the CAT or hemopexin-like (HPX) domain of MT1-MMP, and the collagen binding domain (CBD) of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Antibody-based approaches have resulted in selective inhibitors for MMP-9 and MT1-MMP that target CAT domain exosites. Triple-helical “mini-proteins” have taken advantage of collagen binding exosites, producing a family of novel probes. A variety of non-traditional approaches that incorporate exosite binding into the design process has yielded inhibitors with desirable selectivities within the MMP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg B Fields
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 5353 Parkside Drive, Building MC17, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, Department of Chemistry, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Department of Chemistry, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, United States; Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Department of Biology, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, United States.
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Is there new hope for therapeutic matrix metalloproteinase inhibition? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:904-27. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Xia D, Yao H, Liu Q, Xu L. Preparation of microspheres encapsulating a recombinant TIMP-1 adenovirus and their inhibition of proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 13:6363-8. [PMID: 23464459 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aim was to prepare poly-DL-lactide-poly (PELA) microspheres encapsulating recombinant tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in an adenovirus to investigate its inhibition on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2. METHODS Microspheres were prepared by encapsulating the recombinant TIMP-1 adenovirus into biodegradable PELA. The particle size, viral load, encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro release were measured. Microspheres were used to infect HepG2 cells, then infection efficiency was examined under a fluorescent microscope and ultrastructural changes assessed by TEM. Expression of TIMP-1 mRNA in HepG2 cells was examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and proliferation by MTT and cell growth curve assays. RESULTS We successfully prepared microspheres encapsulating recombinant TIMP-1 adenovirus with a diameter of 1.965μm, an encapsulation efficiency of 60.0%, a viral load of 10.5?108/mg and approximate 60% of virus release within 120 h, the total releasing time of which was longer than 240 h. The microspheres were confirmed to be non-toxic with blank microspheres. Infected HepG2 cells could stably maintain in-vitro expression of TIMP-1, with significantly effects on biological behaviour. CONCLUSION PELA microspheres encapsulating a recombinant TIMP-1 adenovirus can markedly inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells, which provides an experimental basis for polymer/chemistry-based gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Vassiliou S, Tzouma E. Mapping the Pathway toward Thiophosphinic Pseudopeptides. Synthesis of Suitably Protected PG-Phe-Ψ[P(S)(OX)CH2]-Gly-OY Analogues as Thiophosphinyl Dipeptide Isosters (TDI), a Comparative Study for Selective Deprotection and Further Elongation. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10069-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401084v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Vassiliou
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis,
Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Tzouma
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis,
Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
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17
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Udi Y, Fragai M, Grossman M, Mitternacht S, Arad-Yellin R, Calderone V, Melikian M, Toccafondi M, Berezovsky IN, Luchinat C, Sagi I. Unraveling Hidden Regulatory Sites in Structurally Homologous Metalloproteases. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:2330-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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Nam DH, Ge X. Development of a periplasmic FRET screening method for protease inhibitory antibodies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:2856-64. [PMID: 23703626 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteases play critical roles in numerous physiological processes and thus represent one of the largest families of potential pharmaceutical targets. Previous failure of broad-spectrum small molecule inhibitors toward tumorigenic metalloproteinases in clinical trials emphasizes that selectivity is the key for a successful protease-inhibition therapy. With exquisite specificity, antibody-based inhibitors are emerging as promising therapeutics. However, the majority of current antibody selection technologies are based on binding and not on inhibition. Here, we report the development of a function-based inhibitory antibody screening method, which combines a simple periplasmic preparation and an ultra sensitive FRET assay, both processes are amenable to high-throughput applications. Using this method, inhibitory antibodies can be rapidly distinguished from non-inhibitory clones with satisfactory Z-factors. Coupled with ELISA, this method also provides a fast semi-quantitative estimation of IC₅₀ values without antibody purification. We expect this technology to greatly facilitate the generation of highly selective biologic inhibitors, targeting many proteases that are important to medical research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Nam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Bourns Hall B309, 900 University Ave., Riverside, California, 92521
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19
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Xiong C, Zhan X, Xiao Z. Transcript levels of major MMPs and ADAMTS-4 in relation to the clinicopathological profile of patients with tuberculous intervertebral discs and healthy controls. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:603-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) exhibit a broad array of activities, some catalytic and some non-catalytic in nature. An overall lack of selectivity has rendered small molecule, active site targeted MMP inhibitors problematic in execution. Inhibitors that favor few or individual members of the MMP family often take advantage of interactions outside the enzyme active site. We presently focus on peptide-based MMP inhibitors and probes that do not incorporate conventional Zn2+ binding groups. In some cases, these inhibitors and probes function by binding only secondary binding sites (exosites), while others bind both exosites and the active site. A myriad of MMP mediated-activities beyond selective catalysis can be inhibited by peptides, particularly cell adhesion, proliferation, motility, and invasion. Selective MMP binding peptides comprise highly customizable, unique imaging agents. Areas of needed improvement for MMP targeting peptides include binding affinity and stability.
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21
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Cui H, Grosso S, Schelter F, Mari B, Krüger A. On the Pro-Metastatic Stress Response to Cancer Therapies: Evidence for a Positive Co-Operation between TIMP-1, HIF-1α, and miR-210. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:134. [PMID: 22807917 PMCID: PMC3395024 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to expectations in the past that tumor starvation or unselective inhibition of proteolytic activity would cure cancer, there is accumulating evidence that microenvironmental stress, such as hypoxia or broad-spectrum inhibition of metalloproteinases can promote metastasis. In fact, malignant tumor cells, due to their genetic and epigenetic instability, are predisposed to react to stress by adaptation and, if the stress persists, by escape and formation of metastasis. Recent recognition of the concepts of dynamic evolution as well as population and systems biology is extremely helpful to understand the disappointments of clinical trials with new drugs and may lead to paradigm-shifts in therapy strategies. This must be complemented by an increased understanding of molecular mechanism involved in stress response. Here, we review new roles of Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), one transcription factor regulating stress response-related gene expression: HIF-1 is crucial for invasion and metastasis, independent from its pro-survival function. In addition, HIF-1 mediates pro-metastatic microenvironmental changes of the proteolytic balance as triggered by high systemic levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), typical for many aggressive cancers, and regulates the metabolic switch to glycolysis, notably via activation of the microRNA miR-210. There is preliminary evidence that TIMP-1 also induces miR-210. Such positive-regulatory co-operation of HIF-1α, miR-210, and TIMP-1, all described to correlate with bad prognosis of cancer patients, opens new perspectives of gaining insight into molecular mechanisms of metastasis-inducing evasion of tumor cells from stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haissi Cui
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Institut für Experimentelle Onkologie und Therapieforschung München, Germany
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22
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Gege C, Bao B, Bluhm H, Boer J, Gallagher BM, Korniski B, Powers TS, Steeneck C, Taveras AG, Baragi VM. Discovery and evaluation of a non-Zn chelating, selective matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) inhibitor for potential intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis. J Med Chem 2012; 55:709-16. [PMID: 22175799 DOI: 10.1021/jm201152u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a nonsystemic disease for which no oral or parenteral disease-modifying osteoarthritic drug (DMOAD) is currently available. Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) has attracted attention as a target with disease-modifying potential because of its major role in tissue destruction associated with OA. Being localized to one or a few joints, OA is amenable to intra-articular (IA) therapy, which has distinct advantages over oral therapies in terms of increasing therapeutic index, by maximizing drug delivery to cartilage and minimizing systemic exposure. Here we report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of a non-zinc binding MMP-13 selective inhibitor, 4-methyl-1-(S)-({5-[(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-ylmethyl)carbamoyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-carbonyl}amino)indan-5-carboxylic acid (1), that is uniquely suited as a potential IA-DMOAD: it has long durability in the joint, penetrates cartilage effectively, exhibits nearly no detectable systemic exposure, and has remarkable efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gege
- Alantos Pharmaceuticals AG, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Sela-Passwell N, Kikkeri R, Dym O, Rozenberg H, Margalit R, Arad-Yellin R, Eisenstein M, Brenner O, Shoham T, Danon T, Shanzer A, Sagi I. Antibodies targeting the catalytic zinc complex of activated matrix metalloproteinases show therapeutic potential. Nat Med 2011; 18:143-7. [PMID: 22198278 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have key roles in regulating physiological and pathological cellular processes. Imitating the inhibitory molecular mechanisms of TIMPs while increasing selectivity has been a challenging but desired approach for antibody-based therapy. TIMPs use hybrid protein-protein interactions to form an energetic bond with the catalytic metal ion, as well as with enzyme surface residues. We used an innovative immunization strategy that exploits aspects of molecular mimicry to produce inhibitory antibodies that show TIMP-like binding mechanisms toward the activated forms of gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9). Specifically, we immunized mice with a synthetic molecule that mimics the conserved structure of the metalloenzyme catalytic zinc-histidine complex residing within the enzyme active site. This immunization procedure yielded selective function-blocking monoclonal antibodies directed against the catalytic zinc-protein complex and enzyme surface conformational epitopes of endogenous gelatinases. The therapeutic potential of these antibodies has been demonstrated with relevant mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. Here we propose a general experimental strategy for generating inhibitory antibodies that effectively target the in vivo activity of dysregulated metalloproteinases by mimicking the mechanism employed by TIMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Sela-Passwell
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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24
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Ganesan K, Sehgal PK, Mandal AB, Sayeed S. Protective effect of Withania somnifera and Cardiospermum halicacabum extracts against collagenolytic degradation of collagen. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:1075-91. [PMID: 21789568 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The irreversible destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM) such as cartilage, tendon, and bone that comprise synovial joints is the hallmark of both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by over-expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-collagenases. We report herein the detailed study on the inhibitory effects of Withania somnifera extract (WSE) and Cardiospermum halicacabum extract (CHE) on Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (ChC) activity against the degradation of the ECM component of bovine Achilles tendon type I collagen by hydroxyproline assay method. Interaction of WSE and CHE with ChC exhibited 71% and 88% inhibition, respectively, to the collagenolytic activity of ChC against collagen degradation, and the inhibition was found to be concentration-dependent. The inhibition kinetics of ChC by both the extracts has been deduced from the extent of hydrolysis of N-[3-(2-furyl) acryloyl]-Leu-Gly-Pro-Ala. Both WSE and CHE are provided competitive and mixed type inhibition on ChC activity, respectively. Circular dichroism studies of ChC on treatment with WSE and CHE revealed changes in the secondary structure of collagenase. These results suggest that the WSE and CHE facilitated collagen stabilization through collagenase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Ganesan
- Bioproducts Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Adyar, Chennai, 600 020 Tamil Nadu, India.
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