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Abstract
Objective: Isoproterenol (ISO)–induced heart failure is a standardized model for the study of beneficial effects of various drugs. Both apelin and angiotensin 1–7 have a cardiac protective effect. We assumed that co–therapy with apelin and angiotensin 1–7 [Ang (1–7)] may have synergistic cardioprotective effects against isoproterenol-induced heart failure. Methods: The rats were randomly assigned to one of eight groups, 7 animals in each, as follows: (1) Control I (saline; IP injection), (2) Control II (saline; via mini-osmotic pump), (3) ISO (5 mg/kg; IP), (4) Apelin (20 μg/kg; IP), (5) Ang (1–7) (30 μg/kg/day; via mini-osmotic pump), (6) Apelin+ISO, (7) Ang (1–7)+ISO, and (8) Apelin+Ang (1–7)+ISO. Rat myocardial injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg of ISO for 10 days. Apelin and Ang (1–7) were administered 30 minutes before the ISO injection. Results: A decrease in the systolic blood pressure [SBP (p<0.001)], diastolic blood pressure [DBP (p=0.024)], left ventricular systolic pressure [LVSP (p<0.001)], left ventricular contractility [dP/dt max. (p<0.001)], relaxation [dP/dt min. (p<0.001)], and an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure [LVEDP, (p<0.001)] were observed in ISO-treated rats. Plasma LDH and myocardial and plasma MDA were higher in the ISO heart than in controls (p<0.001). Histopathological examination of the cardiac tissue showed myocardial fibrosis and leukocyte infiltration in ISO-treated rats as compared to control. Co-therapy with apelin and Ang (1–7) was more effective than either agent used alone in restoring these parameters to that of control rats. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the combination of apelin and Ang (1–7) had a more cardioprotective effect than either used alone against ISO-induced heart failure, and co–therapy may be a useful treatment option for myocardial injuries and heart failure.
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Trân K, Van Den Hauwe R, Sainsily X, Couvineau P, Côté J, Simard L, Echevarria M, Murza A, Serre A, Théroux L, Saibi S, Haroune L, Longpré JM, Lesur O, Auger-Messier M, Spino C, Bouvier M, Sarret P, Ballet S, Marsault É. Constraining the Side Chain of C-Terminal Amino Acids in Apelin-13 Greatly Increases Affinity, Modulates Signaling, and Improves the Pharmacokinetic Profile. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5345-5364. [PMID: 33524256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Side-chain-constrained amino acids are useful tools to modulate the biological properties of peptides. In this study, we applied side-chain constraints to apelin-13 (Ape13) by substituting the Pro12 and Phe13 positions, affecting the binding affinity and signaling profile on the apelin receptor (APJ). The residues 1Nal, Trp, and Aia were found to be beneficial substitutions for Pro12, and the resulting analogues displayed high affinity for APJ (Ki 0.08-0.18 nM vs Ape13 Ki 0.7 nM). Besides, constrained (d-Tic) or α,α-disubstituted residues (Dbzg; d-α-Me-Tyr(OBn)) were favorable for the Phe13 position. Compounds 47 (Pro12-Phe13 replaced by Aia-Phe, Ki 0.08 nM) and 53 (Pro12-Phe13 replaced by 1Nal-Dbzg, Ki 0.08 nM) are the most potent Ape13 analogues activating the Gα12 pathways (53, EC50 Gα12 2.8 nM vs Ape13, EC50 43 nM) known to date, displaying high affinity, resistance to ACE2 cleavage as well as improved pharmacokinetics in vitro (t1/2 5.8-7.3 h in rat plasma) and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Trân
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Robin Van Den Hauwe
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Sainsily
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Couvineau
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Louise Simard
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Département de Chimie, Faculté de Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Québec, Canada
| | - Marco Echevarria
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Département de Chimie, Faculté de Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Murza
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Serre
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Léa Théroux
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Saibi
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Lounès Haroune
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Lesur
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine spécialisé, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine spécialisé, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Spino
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Département de Chimie, Faculté de Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Éric Marsault
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
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3
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Onorato JM, Xu C, Chen XQ, Rose AV, Generaux C, Lentz K, Shipkova P, Arthur S, Hennan JK, Haskell R, Myers MC, Lawrence RM, Finlay HJ, Basso M, Bostwick J, Fernando G, Garcia R, Hellings S, Hsu MY, Zhang R, Zhao L, Gargalovic P. Linking (Pyr) 1apelin-13 pharmacokinetics to efficacy: Stabilization and measurement of a high clearance peptide in rodents. Anal Biochem 2018; 568:41-50. [PMID: 30605634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, the endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor, has generated interest due to its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Synthesized as a 77 amino acid preproprotein, apelin is post-translationally cleaved to a series of shorter peptides. Though (Pyr)1apelin-13 represents the major circulating form in plasma, it is highly susceptible to proteolytic degradation and has an extremely short half-life, making it challenging to quantify. Literature reports of apelin levels in rodents have historically been determined with commercial ELISA kits which suffer from a lack of selectivity, recognizing a range of active and inactive isoforms of apelin peptide. (Pyr)1apelin-13 has demonstrated beneficial hemodynamic effects in humans, and we wished to evaluate if similar effects could be measured in pre-clinical models. Despite development of a highly selective LC/MS/MS method, in rodent studies where (Pyr)1apelin-13 was administered exogenously the peptide was not detectable until a detailed stabilization protocol was implemented during blood collection. Further, the inherent high clearance of (Pyr)1apelin-13 required an extended release delivery system to enable chronic dosing. The ability to deliver sustained doses and stabilize (Pyr)1apelin-13 in plasma allowed us to demonstrate for the first time the link between systemic concentration of apelin and its pharmacological effects in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle M Onorato
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA.
| | - Carrie Xu
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Xue-Qing Chen
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Anne V Rose
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Claudia Generaux
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Kimberley Lentz
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Petia Shipkova
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Susan Arthur
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - James K Hennan
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Roy Haskell
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Michael C Myers
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - R Michael Lawrence
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Heather J Finlay
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Michael Basso
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bostwick
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Gayani Fernando
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Ricardo Garcia
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Samuel Hellings
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Mei-Yin Hsu
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Rongan Zhang
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
| | - Peter Gargalovic
- Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543-5400, USA
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Murza A, Besserer-Offroy É, Côté J, Bérubé P, Longpré JM, Dumaine R, Lesur O, Auger-Messier M, Leduc R, Sarret P, Marsault É. C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2431-40. [PMID: 25668242 DOI: 10.1021/jm501916k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. This system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular functions. To better understand the role of its C-terminal Phe(13) residue on ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotension, we report a series of modified analogues in which Phe(13) was substituted by unnatural amino acids. These modifications delivered new compounds exhibiting higher affinity and potency to inhibit cAMP accumulation compared to apelin-13. In particular, analogues Bpa(13) or (α-Me)Phe(13) were 30-fold more potent to inhibit cAMP accumulation than apelin-13. Tyr(OBn)(13) substitution led to a 60-fold improvement in binding affinity and induced stronger and more sustained drop in blood pressure compared to apelin-13. Our study identified new potent analogues of apelin-13, which represent valuable probes to better understand its structure-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Murza
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec Canada
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