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Azeez IA, Awogbindin IO, Olayinka JN, Folarin RO, Adamu AS, Ior LD, Shehu AM, Mukhtar AI, Ajeigbe OF, Emokpae AO, Usende IL, Babatunde BR, Yusha'u Y, Olateju OI, Kamoga R, Benson AIO, Oparaji KC, Owemidu IO, Iliyasu MO, Imam MI, Olopade JO. Neural stem cell research in Africa: current realities and future prospects. Biol Open 2022; 11:280534. [PMID: 36326097 PMCID: PMC9641530 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are immature progenitor cells that are found in developing and adult brains that have the potential of dividing actively and renewing themselves, with a complex form of gene expression. The generation of new brain cells in adult individuals was initially considered impossible, however, the landmark discovery of human neural stem cells in the hippocampus has been followed by further discoveries in other discreet regions of the brain. Investigation into the current state in Africa of the research and use of NSCs shows relatively limited activities on the continent. Information on the African application of NSCs for modelling disease mechanisms, drug discovery, and therapeutics is still limited. The International Brain Research Organization (IBRO)-African Regional Committee (ARC), with support from the Company of Biologists, and the Movement Disorder Society, sponsored the first African Basic School on NSC in Ibadan, Nigeria, with the vision of bringing together young neuroscientists and physicians across different fields in neuroscience to learn from leaders who have applied NSCs in stem cell research, the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, neuroanatomy, and neurotherapeutics. Twenty early-career researchers in academic institutions at junior and senior faculty cadres were selected from South Africa, Uganda and Nigeria. The students and organizer of the school, who wrote this review on the state of NSCs research in Africa, recommended the following: (1) other African countries can take a cue from South Africa and Nigeria in probing the phenomena of adult neurogenesis in unique animal species on the continent; (2) Africa should leverage the expertise and facilities of South African scientists and international collaborators in scaling up NSC research into these unique species and (3) Centers of Excellence should be established on the continent to serve as research hubs for training postgraduate students, and facilities for African scientists who trained overseas on NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris A. Azeez
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Jos 1 , Jos, 930001 Nigeria
| | | | - Juliet N. Olayinka
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Afe Babalola University 3 , Ado-Ekiti, 360001 Nigeria
| | - Royhaan O. Folarin
- Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University 4 , Ago-Iwoye, 120107 Nigeria
| | - Abubakar S. Adamu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University 5 , Zaria, 810107 , Nigeria
| | - Lydia D. Ior
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos 6 , Jos, 930001 , Nigeria
| | - Asmau M. Shehu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University Dutse 7 , Dutse, 720223 , Nigeria
- School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand 8 , Johannesburg, Wits 2050 , South Africa
| | - Abubakar I. Mukhtar
- Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University 5 , Zaria, 810107 , Nigeria
| | - Olufunke F. Ajeigbe
- Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, 340112 9 Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Programme , , Nigeria
| | | | - Ifukibot L. Usende
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Abuja 11 , Abuja, 900105 , Nigeria
| | | | - Yusuf Yusha'u
- Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University 12 , Zaria, 810107 , Nigeria
| | - Oladiran I. Olateju
- School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand 8 , Johannesburg, Wits 2050 , South Africa
| | - Ronald Kamoga
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology 13 , Mbarara P.O. Box 1410 , Uganda
| | - Ayoola I. O. Benson
- Department of Human Anatomy, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin 14 , Abakaliki, 482131 Nigeria
| | - Kenneth C. Oparaji
- Department of Physiology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike 15 , Abakaliki, 482131 , Nigeria
| | - Idowu O. Owemidu
- Department of Physiology, Kogi State University 16 , Anyigba, 272102 , Nigeria
| | - Musa O. Iliyasu
- Department of Anatomy, Kogi State University 17 , Anyigba, 272102 , Nigeria
| | - Maryam I. Imam
- Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University 12 , Zaria, 810107 , Nigeria
| | - James O. Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan 18 , Ibadan, 200005 , Nigeria
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Salmina AB, Malinovskaya NA, Morgun AV, Khilazheva ED, Uspenskaya YA, Illarioshkin SN. Reproducibility of developmental neuroplasticity in in vitro brain tissue models. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:531-554. [PMID: 34983132 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current prevalence of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke and brain injury stimulates studies aimed to identify new molecular targets, to select the drug candidates, to complete the whole set of preclinical and clinical trials, and to implement new drugs into routine neurological practice. Establishment of protocols based on microfluidics, blood-brain barrier- or neurovascular unit-on-chip, and microphysiological systems allowed improving the barrier characteristics and analyzing the regulation of local microcirculation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Reconstruction of key mechanisms of brain development and even some aspects of experience-driven brain plasticity would be helpful in the establishment of brain in vitro models with the highest degree of reliability. Activity, metabolic status and expression pattern of cells within the models can be effectively assessed with the protocols of system biology, cell imaging, and functional cell analysis. The next generation of in vitro models should demonstrate high scalability, 3D or 4D complexity, possibility to be combined with other tissues or cell types within the microphysiological systems, compatibility with bio-inks or extracellular matrix-like materials, achievement of adequate vascularization, patient-specific characteristics, and opportunity to provide high-content screening. In this review, we will focus on currently available and prospective brain tissue in vitro models suitable for experimental and preclinical studies with the special focus on models enabling 4D reconstruction of brain tissue for the assessment of brain development, brain plasticity, and drug kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B Salmina
- Laboratory of Experimental Brain Cytology, Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Highway 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Natalia A Malinovskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Andrey V Morgun
- Department of Ambulatory Pediatrics, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zheleznyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Elena D Khilazheva
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Yulia A Uspenskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Sergey N Illarioshkin
- Department of Brain Studies, Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Highway, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia
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Scaramuzza L, De Rocco G, Desiato G, Cobolli Gigli C, Chiacchiaretta M, Mirabella F, Pozzi D, De Simone M, Conforti P, Pagani M, Benfenati F, Cesca F, Bedogni F, Landsberger N. The enhancement of activity rescues the establishment of Mecp2 null neuronal phenotypes. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12433. [PMID: 33665914 PMCID: PMC8033520 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MECP2 mutations cause Rett syndrome (RTT), a severe and progressive neurodevelopmental disorder mainly affecting females. Although RTT patients exhibit delayed onset of symptoms, several evidences demonstrate that MeCP2 deficiency alters early development of the brain. Indeed, during early maturation, Mecp2 null cortical neurons display widespread transcriptional changes, reduced activity, and defective morphology. It has been proposed that during brain development these elements are linked in a feed-forward cycle where neuronal activity drives transcriptional and morphological changes that further increase network maturity. We hypothesized that the enhancement of neuronal activity during early maturation might prevent the onset of RTT-typical molecular and cellular phenotypes. Accordingly, we show that the enhancement of excitability, obtained by adding to neuronal cultures Ampakine CX546, rescues transcription of several genes, neuronal morphology, and responsiveness to stimuli. Greater effects are achieved in response to earlier treatments. In vivo, short and early administration of CX546 to Mecp2 null mice prolongs lifespan, delays the disease progression, and rescues motor abilities and spatial memory, thus confirming the value for RTT of an early restoration of neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Scaramuzza
- Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Present address:
Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Giuseppina De Rocco
- Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Genni Desiato
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
- CNR Institute of NeuroscienceMilanItaly
| | - Clementina Cobolli Gigli
- Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Present address:
Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Martina Chiacchiaretta
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenovaItaly
- Present address:
Department of NeuroscienceTufts University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Filippo Mirabella
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Davide Pozzi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Marco De Simone
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
- Present address:
Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CAUSA
| | - Paola Conforti
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenovaItaly
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly
- Present address:
Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenovaItaly
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
- Present address:
Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CAUSA
| | - Francesco Bedogni
- Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Present address:
Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI)Division of NeuroscienceSchool of BiosciencesCardiffUK
| | - Nicoletta Landsberger
- Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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Modeling CNS Involvement in Pompe Disease Using Neural Stem Cells Generated from Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010008. [PMID: 33375166 PMCID: PMC7822217 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) gene. Acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency leads to abnormal glycogen accumulation in patient cells. Given the increasing evidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in classic infantile Pompe disease, we used neural stem cells, differentiated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells, to model the neuronal phenotype of Pompe disease. These Pompe neural stem cells exhibited disease-related phenotypes including glycogen accumulation, increased lysosomal staining, and secondary lipid buildup. These morphological phenotypes in patient neural stem cells provided a tool for drug efficacy evaluation. Two potential therapeutic agents, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and δ-tocopherol, were tested along with recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA) in this cell-based Pompe model. Treatment with rhGAA reduced LysoTracker staining in Pompe neural stem cells, indicating reduced lysosome size. Additionally, treatment of diseased neural stem cells with the combination of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and δ-tocopherol significantly reduced the disease phenotypes. These results demonstrated patient-derived Pompe neural stem cells could be used as a model to study disease pathogenesis, to evaluate drug efficacy, and to screen compounds for drug discovery in the context of correcting CNS defects.
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Akhtar A, Andleeb A, Waris TS, Bazzar M, Moradi AR, Awan NR, Yar M. Neurodegenerative diseases and effective drug delivery: A review of challenges and novel therapeutics. J Control Release 2020; 330:1152-1167. [PMID: 33197487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) encompasses the brain and spinal cord and is considered the processing center and the most vital part of human body. The central nervous system (CNS) barriers are crucial interfaces between the CNS and the periphery. Among all these biological barriers, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) strongly impede hurdle for drug transport to brain. It is a semi-permeable diffusion barrier against the noxious chemicals and harmful substances present in the blood stream and regulates the nutrients delivery to the brain for its proper functioning. Neurological diseases owing to the existence of the BBB and the blood-spinal cord barrier have been terrible and threatening challenges all over the world and can rarely be directly mediated. In fact, drug delivery to brain remained a challenge in the treatment of neurodegenerative (ND) disorders, for these different approaches have been proposed. Nano-fabricated smart drug delivery systems and implantable drug loaded biomaterials for brain repair are among some of these latest approaches. In current review, modern approaches developed to deal with the challenges associated with transporting drugs to the CNS are included. Recent studies on neural drug discovery and injectable hydrogels provide a potential new treatment option for neurological disorders. Moreover, induced pluripotent stem cells used to model ND diseases are discussed to evaluate drug efficacy. These protocols and recent developments will enable discovery of more effective drug delivery systems for brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Akhtar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Andleeb
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tayyba Sher Waris
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Masoomeh Bazzar
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ali-Reza Moradi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran; School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran 19395, Iran
| | - Nasir Raza Awan
- Department of Neurosciences, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan; Spinacure, 63-A Block E1, Gulberg III, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
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6
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Amores de Sousa MC, Rodrigues CAV, Ferreira IAF, Diogo MM, Linhardt RJ, Cabral JMS, Ferreira FC. Functionalization of Electrospun Nanofibers and Fiber Alignment Enhance Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:580135. [PMID: 33195141 PMCID: PMC7649414 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.580135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential to generate the cells of the nervous system and, when cultured on nanofiber scaffolds, constitute a promising approach for neural tissue engineering. In this work, the impact of combining nanofiber alignment with functionalization of the electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanofibers with biological adhesion motifs on the culture of an NSC line (CGR8-NS) is evaluated. A five-rank scale for fiber density was introduced, and a 4.5 level, corresponding to 70–80% fiber density, was selected for NSC in vitro culture. Aligned nanofibers directed NSC distribution and, especially in the presence of laminin (PCL-LN) and the RGD-containing peptide GRGDSP (PCL-RGD), promoted higher cell elongation, quantified by the eccentricity and axis ratio. In situ differentiation resulted in relatively higher percentage of cells expressing Tuj1 in PCL-LN, as well as significantly longer neurite development (41.1 ± 1.0 μm) than PCL-RGD (32.0 ± 1.0 μm), pristine PCL (25.1 ± 1.2 μm), or PCL-RGD randomly oriented fibers (26.5 ± 1.4 μm), suggesting that the presence of LN enhances neuronal differentiation. This study demonstrates that aligned nanofibers, functionalized with RGD, perform as well as PCL-LN fibers in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. The presence of the full LN protein improves neuronal differentiation outcomes, which may be important for the use of this system in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam C Amores de Sousa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês A F Ferreira
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Margarida Diogo
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Neural stem cells deriving from chick embryonic hindbrain recapitulate hindbrain development in culture. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13920. [PMID: 30224755 PMCID: PMC6141497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing multipotent cells that line the neural-tube and generate all the nervous system. Understanding NSC biology is fundamental for neurodevelopmental research and therapy. Many studies emphasized the need to culture NSCs, which are typically purified from mammalian embryonic/adult brains. These sources are somewhat limited in terms of quantity, availability and animal ethical guidelines. Therefore, new sources are needed. The chick is a powerful system for experimental embryology which contributed enormously to neurodevelopmental concepts. Its accessibility, genetic/molecular manipulations, and homology to other vertebrates, makes it valuable for developmental biology research. Recently, we identified a population of NSCs in the chick hindbrain. It resides in rhombomere-boundaries, expresses Sox2 and generates progenitors and neurons. Here, we investigated whether these cells can recapitulate hindbrain development in culture. By developing approaches to propagate and image cells, manipulate their growth-conditions and separate them into subpopulations, we demonstrate the ordered formation of multipotent and self-renewing neurospheres that maintain regional identity and display differential stem/differentiation/proliferation properties. Live imaging revealed new cellular dynamics in the culture. Collectively, these NSC cultures reproduce major aspects of hindbrain development in-vitro, proposing the chick as a model for culturing hindbrain-NSCs that can be directly applied to other neural-tube domains and species.
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Singh S, Srivastava A, Kumar V, Pandey A, Kumar D, Rajpurohit CS, Khanna VK, Yadav S, Pant AB. Stem Cells in Neurotoxicology/Developmental Neurotoxicology: Current Scenario and Future Prospects. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6938-6949. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Lahm H, Doppler S, Dreßen M, Werner A, Adamczyk K, Schrambke D, Brade T, Laugwitz KL, Deutsch MA, Schiemann M, Lange R, Moretti A, Krane M. Live fluorescent RNA-based detection of pluripotency gene expression in embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells of different species. Stem Cells 2015; 33:392-402. [PMID: 25335772 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has successfully been achieved in many species. However, the identification of truly reprogrammed iPS cells still remains laborious and the detection of pluripotency markers requires fixation of cells in most cases. Here, we report an approach with nanoparticles carrying Cy3-labeled sense oligonucleotide reporter strands coupled to gold-particles. These molecules are directly added to cultured cells without any manipulation and gene expression is evaluated microscopically after overnight incubation. To simultaneously detect gene expression in different species, probe sequences were chosen according to interspecies homology. With a common target-specific probe we could successfully demonstrate expression of the GAPDH house-keeping gene in somatic cells and expression of the pluripotency markers NANOG and GDF3 in embryonic stem cells and iPS cells of murine, human, and porcine origin. The population of target gene positive cells could be purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. After lentiviral transduction of murine tail-tip fibroblasts Nanog-specific probes identified truly reprogrammed murine iPS cells in situ during development based on their Cy3-fluorescence. The intensity of Nanog-specific fluorescence correlated positively with an increased capacity of individual clones to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers. Our approach offers a universal tool to detect intracellular gene expression directly in live cells of any desired origin without the need for manipulation, thus allowing conservation of the genetic background of the target cell. Furthermore, it represents an easy, scalable method for efficient screening of pluripotency which is highly desirable during high-throughput cell reprogramming and after genomic editing of pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Lahm
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Munich Heart Alliance
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Pires F, Ferreira Q, Rodrigues CA, Morgado J, Ferreira FC. Neural stem cell differentiation by electrical stimulation using a cross-linked PEDOT substrate: Expanding the use of biocompatible conjugated conductive polymers for neural tissue engineering. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1158-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Smith I, Silveirinha V, Stein JL, de la Torre-Ubieta L, Farrimond JA, Williamson EM, Whalley BJ. Human neural stem cell-derived cultures in three-dimensional substrates form spontaneously functional neuronal networks. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1022-1033. [PMID: 25712225 DOI: 10.1002/term.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated human neural stem cells were cultured in an inert three-dimensional (3D) scaffold and, unlike two-dimensional (2D) but otherwise comparable monolayer cultures, formed spontaneously active, functional neuronal networks that responded reproducibly and predictably to conventional pharmacological treatments to reveal functional, glutamatergic synapses. Immunocytochemical and electron microscopy analysis revealed a neuronal and glial population, where markers of neuronal maturity were observed in the former. Oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed substantial differences in gene expression conferred by culturing in a 3D vs a 2D environment. Notable and numerous differences were seen in genes coding for neuronal function, the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton. In addition to producing functional networks, differentiated human neural stem cells grown in inert scaffolds offer several significant advantages over conventional 2D monolayers. These advantages include cost savings and improved physiological relevance, which make them better suited for use in the pharmacological and toxicological assays required for development of stem cell-based treatments and the reduction of animal use in medical research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen Smith
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Reading, UK
| | - Vasco Silveirinha
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Reading, UK
| | - Jason L Stein
- Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luis de la Torre-Ubieta
- Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth M Williamson
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Reading, UK
| | - Benjamin J Whalley
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Reading, UK
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Weinberg D, Adams CF, Chari DM. Deploying clinical grade magnetic nanoparticles with magnetic fields to magnetolabel neural stem cells in adherent versus suspension cultures. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first demonstration that oscillating magnetic fields safely promote the uptake of a clinical-grade magnetic nanoparticle (Lumirem/Ferumoxsil) into neural stem cells for non-invasive cell tracking capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Weinberg
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
- UK
| | - C. F. Adams
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
- UK
| | - D. M. Chari
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
- UK
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Barbosa DJ, Capela JP, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carvalho F. In vitro models for neurotoxicology research. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 4:801-842. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system has a highly complex organization, including many cell types with multiple functions, with an intricate anatomy and unique structural and functional characteristics; the study of its (dys)functionality following exposure to xenobiotics, neurotoxicology, constitutes an important issue in neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel José Barbosa
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - João Paulo Capela
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Félix Carvalho
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
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Cariboni A, Conti L, Andrè V, Aprile D, Zasso J, Maggi R. Establishment of a radial glia-like mouse fetal hypothalamic neural stem cell line (AC1) able to differentiate into neuroendocrine cells. NEUROGENESIS 2014; 1:e29950. [PMID: 28255570 PMCID: PMC5322806 DOI: 10.4161/neur.29950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the generation and the characterization of a stable cell line of neural stem cells derived from embryonic mouse hypothalamus. These cells (AC1) grow as an adherent culture in defined serum-free medium and express typical markers of neurogenic radial glia and of hypothalamic precursors. After prolonged expansion, AC1 cells may be efficiently induced to differentiate into neurons and astroglial cells in vitro and start to express some hormonal neuropeptides, like TRH, CRH, and POMC. Based on the capabilities of AC1 cells to be stably expanded and to develop neuroendocrine lineages in vitro, these cells might represent a novel tool to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the development of the hypothalamus and in the specific differentiation of neuroendocrine neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cariboni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari; Sez. Biomedicina e Endocrinologia;
Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario per lo studio delle Malattie della Riproduzione (CIRMAR); Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Conti
- Centro per la Biologia Integrata (CIBIO); Università degli Studi di Trento; Trento, Italy
| | - Valentina Andrè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari; Sez. Biomedicina e Endocrinologia;
Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Aprile
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari; Sez. Biomedicina e Endocrinologia;
Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Zasso
- Centro per la Biologia Integrata (CIBIO); Università degli Studi di Trento; Trento, Italy
| | - Roberto Maggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari; Sez. Biomedicina e Endocrinologia;
Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario per lo studio delle Malattie della Riproduzione (CIRMAR); Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy
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Li J, Song W, Pan G, Zhou J. Advances in understanding the cell types and approaches used for generating induced pluripotent stem cells. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:50. [PMID: 25037625 PMCID: PMC4445637 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Successfully reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state generates induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (or iPSCs), which have extensive self-renewal capacity like embryonic stem cells (ESCs). iPSCs can also generate daughter cells that can further undergo differentiation into various lineages or terminally differentiate to reach their final functional state. The discovery of how to produce iPSCs opened a new field of stem cell research with both intellectual and therapeutic benefits. The huge potential implications of disease-specific or patient-specific iPSCs have impelled scientists to solve problems hindering their applications in clinical medicine, especially the issues of convenience and safety. To determine the range of tissue types amenable to reprogramming as well as their particular characteristics, cells from three embryonic germ layers have been assessed, and the advantages that some tissue origins have over fibroblast origins concerning efficiency and accessibility have been elucidated. To provide safe iPSCs in an efficient and convenient way, the delivery systems and combinations of inducing factors as well as the chemicals used to generate iPSCs have also been significantly improved in addition to the efforts on finding better donor cells. Currently, iPSCs can be generated without c-Myc and Klf4 oncogenes, and non-viral delivery integration-free chemically mediated reprogramming methods have been successfully employed with relatively satisfactory efficiency. This paper will review recent advances in iPS technology by highlighting tissue origin and generation of iPSCs. The obstacles that need to be overcome for clinical applications of iPSCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China.
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China.
| | - Guangjin Pan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, P.R. China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China.
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