1
|
Naicker D, Rhoda C, Sunda F, Arowolo A. Unravelling the Intricate Roles of FAM111A and FAM111B: From Protease-Mediated Cellular Processes to Disease Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2845. [PMID: 38474092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteases are critical enzymes in cellular processes which regulate intricate events like cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. This review highlights the multifaceted roles of the serine proteases FAM111A and FAM111B, exploring their impact on cellular functions and diseases. FAM111A is implicated in DNA replication and replication fork protection, thereby maintaining genome integrity. Additionally, FAM111A functions as an antiviral factor against DNA and RNA viruses. Apart from being involved in DNA repair, FAM111B, a paralog of FAM111A, participates in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. It influences the apoptotic pathway by upregulating anti-apoptotic proteins and modulating cell cycle-related proteins. Furthermore, FAM111B's association with nucleoporins suggests its involvement in nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking and plays a role in maintaining normal telomere length. FAM111A and FAM111B also exhibit some interconnectedness and functional similarity despite their distinct roles in cellular processes and associated diseases resulting from their dysfunction. FAM111A and FAM111B dysregulation are linked to genetic disorders: Kenny-Caffey Syndrome type 2 and Gracile Bone Dysplasia for FAM111A and POIKTMP, respectively, and cancers. Therefore, the dysregulation of these proteases in diseases emphasizes their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Future research is essential to unravel the intricate mechanisms governing FAM111A and FAM111B and explore their therapeutic implications comprehensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Naicker
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Cenza Rhoda
- Hair and Skin Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Falone Sunda
- Hair and Skin Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Afolake Arowolo
- Hair and Skin Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7500, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Temperley HC, O’Sullivan NJ, Mac Curtain BM, Qian W, Temperley TS, Murray A, Corr A, Brennan I, Gallagher D, Meaney JF, Kelly ME. Whole-Body MRI Screening for Carriers of Germline TP53 Mutations-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1223. [PMID: 38592011 PMCID: PMC10931931 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review evaluated whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) as a cancer screening tool for individuals carrying germline TP53 mutations, a population known to be at a significantly elevated risk of malignancy. The primary objective is to assess the diagnostic performance of WB-MRI in detecting cancer in this cohort. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials were searched until 18 August 2023. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. The data extracted included information on study characteristics, patient demographics, and the WB-MRI diagnostic performance. RESULTS This systematic review identified eight eligible studies, comprising 506 TP53 mutation carriers. The mean age was 34.6 ± 16.3 (range 1-74) years. In total, 321/506 (63.4%) of the patients were female and 185/506 (36.6%) were male. In addition, 267/506 (52.8%) had a previous oncological diagnosis. Thirty-six new cancers were diagnosed with WB-MRI (36/506 (7.1%)). The overall pooled proportion of cancer detected on MRI was 7% (95% confidence interval 5-10). In total, 44 new lesions were picked up, as multiple lesions were found in some patients. CONCLUSION WB-MRI is an effective cancer screening tool for TP53 mutation carriers. While these findings suggest the potential for WB-MRI to contribute to early cancer detection in this high-risk population, further research and the standardisation of protocols internationally are warranted to optimise its clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo C. Temperley
- Department of Radiology, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Wanyang Qian
- St John of God Midland Hospital, Midland, WA 6056, Australia
| | | | - Alannah Murray
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison Corr
- Department of Radiology, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian Brennan
- Department of Radiology, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Gallagher
- Department of Genetics, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - James F. Meaney
- Department of Radiology, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael E. Kelly
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schallenberg S, Plage H, Hofbauer S, Furlano K, Weinberger S, Bruch PG, Roßner F, Elezkurtaj S, Kluth M, Lennartz M, Blessin NC, Marx AH, Samtleben H, Fisch M, Rink M, Slojewski M, Kaczmarek K, Ecke T, Hallmann S, Koch S, Adamini N, Minner S, Simon R, Sauter G, Horst D, Klatte T, Schlomm T, Zecha H. Altered p53/p16 expression is linked to urothelial carcinoma progression but largely unrelated to prognosis in muscle-invasive tumors. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:1880-1889. [PMID: 37938166 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2277344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most inactivating p53 mutations result in a nuclear p53 accumulation - detectable by immunohistochemistry (IHC). p53 alterations leading to a complete lack of p53 protein and absence of immunostaining do also occur - not easily detectable by IHC. p16 is upregulated in p53 inactivated cells. We hypothesized that a positive p16 IHC may help to distinguish p53 inactivation in IHC negative cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated p53 and p16 immunostaining on 2710 urothelial bladder carcinomas in a tissue microarray format to understand their impact in relation to clinicopathological parameters of disease progression and patient outcome. RESULTS p16 immunostaining was absent in normal urothelium but occurred in 63.5% (30.4% strong) of cancers. p16 strongly positive cases increased from pTaG2 low-grade (9.6%) to pTaG3 high-grade tumors (46.5%, p < .0001) but decreased from pTaG3 to pT4 (33.3%; p = .0030). Among pT2-4 carcinomas, p16 positivity was linked to high-grade (p = .0005) but unrelated to overall survival. p53 staining was negative in 8.4%, very weak in 15.4%, weak in 55.3%, strong in 4.7%, and very strong in 16.2% cancers. p53 negative (potentially p53 null phenotype), strong, and very strong p53 positivity increased from pTaG2 low-grade to pTaG3 high-grade tumors (p < .0001) and from pTaG3 to pT2-4 cancers (p = .0007). p53 staining was largely unrelated to histopathological parameters or patient prognosis among pT2-4 carcinomas, except of p53 strong/very strong immunostaining. p16 expression predominated in tumors with very strong, strong, and negative p53 staining and the combination of p53 negative/p16 strongly positive cancers was linked to features of tumor aggressiveness. CONCLUSION Aberrant p53 and p16 immunostaining increases during grade and stage progression although p53 negative and p16 positive immunostaining lack prognostic significance in pT2-4 carcinomas. Potential diagnostic features are that high level p16 expression is limited to neoplastic urothelium and p53 null phenotype to aggressive cancers (grade 3 and invasive).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henning Plage
- Department of Urology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kira Furlano
- Department of Urology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas C Blessin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Henrik Samtleben
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Margit Fisch
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, Marienhospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Slojewski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krystian Kaczmarek
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Thorsten Ecke
- Department of Urology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Steffen Hallmann
- Department of Urology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Department of Pathology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Nico Adamini
- Department of Urology, Albertinen Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Zecha
- Department of Urology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Urology, Albertinen Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ali SMA, Shamim MS, Enam SA, Ahmad Z, Adnan Y, Farooqui HA. Immunohistochemical Detection and Prognostic Significance of p53, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Murine Double Minute 2, and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients of Pakistan. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS: ONCOLOGY 2022; 16:11795549221119107. [PMID: 36035640 PMCID: PMC9403472 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221119107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest cranial tumors
occurring in adults. Various biomarkers have been tested for their
significance in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of GBM. Some
well-studied markers in GBM are Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), Murine
double minute 2 (MDM2), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and p53.
The aim of this study was to investigate the protein expression of these
markers in GBM patients of Pakistan. Methods: A total of 102 surgically resected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens
from patients diagnosed and treated at Aga Khan University Hospital were
included in this study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for IDH1, MDM2, EGFR, and
p53 was performed using Dako EnVision System and respective monoclonal
antibodies. Survival analysis was performed to check association of markers
protein expression with prognosis in GBM patients. Results: There were 73 males and 29 females in this study, with a median age of 49
years at the time diagnosis. Overexpression of molecular markers was as
follows: 52% for EGFR, 26% for p53, 72% for IDH1, and 83% for MDM2. We did
observe that EGFR was significantly associated with increased age of our
patients and with worse survival. Age > 40 years was a predictor for
worse prognosis as well. Conclusion: EGFR overexpression and advanced age were worse prognostic indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Shamim
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ather Enam
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yumna Adnan
- Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nohwal B, Chaudhary R, Pundir CS. Amperometric detection of tumor suppressor protein p53 via pencil graphite electrode for fast cancer diagnosis. Anal Biochem 2021; 639:114528. [PMID: 34919898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer occupies the second place in terms of worldwide mortality. Early and fast diagnosis of cancer helps clinicians to expand therapeutic approaches ultimately leading towards early diagnosis of cancer patients. In the present work, we delineated an amperometric immunosensor to diagnose cancer to detect p53, a biomarker for cancer. The immunosensor was fabricated by immobilizing anti-p53 antibodies onto the pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The immobilization of probe was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The immunosensor was optimized for pH, incubation temperature, antibody concentration, incubation time and antigen concentration. The developed immunosensor, showed a linear range between 10 pgmL-1 to 10 ngmL-1 with a detection limit (LOD) of 10 pgmL-1. p53 antigen was analyzed by measuring current under optimal conditions. The occurrence of p53 was determined in sera of prostate, breast, colon and lung cancer patients by the present immunosensor. The lower incubation time i.e., fast response and lower LOD demonstrated an improved p53 immunosensor for early diagnosis of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Nohwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Reeti Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - C S Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahgoub HA, El-Adl MAM, Martyniuk CJ. Fucoidan ameliorates acute and sub-chronic in vivo toxicity of the fungicide cholorothalonil in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 245:109035. [PMID: 33774206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidans are sulfated glycans from marine algae that have both anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties. Chlorothalonil is a fungicide and insecticide commonly used in agriculture. Chlorothalonil is relatively toxic to fish and can potentially affect the aquaculture practices. In this study, we determined whether fucoidan administration would offer any protection from acute and subchronic toxicity of chlorothalonil on Nile tilapia. First, we tested the effect of chlorothalonil (20 to 140 μg/L, water-applied) on Nile tilapia in an acute exposure (six days). Survival analysis was performed, together with assessment of histopathology, oxidative stress (i.e., antioxidant status, hydrogen peroxide levels, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels) and immunohistochemistry to measure indicators of hepatic damage (i.e., caspase 3, p53, mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM), and glutathione peroxidase). Chlorothalonil induced mild to severe histopathological alterations that were dose-dependent in various tissues of Nile tilapia. Chlorothalonil also induced oxidative stress as indicated by elevated biochemical markers. The highest recorded mortalities were associated with p53 expression. Additional feeding experiments were conducted with fucoidan (8 g/kg diet), following acute (40 μg/L for seven days) and sub-chronic (20 μg/L for six weeks) chlorothalonil application in Nile tilapia. Many of these same biochemical biomarkers of stress, oxidative damage response, and tissue pathology (evidence for hepatic neoplasm) were ameliorated by fucoidan, suggesting a protective effect of the compound. Agrochemicals are ubiquitous on a global scale, and the use of fucoidan as a feed additive may be beneficial for protecting aquatic animal health and aquaculture species from the impacts of chemical run-off.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah A Mahgoub
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A M El-Adl
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Overexpression and surface localization of HPRT in prostate cancer provides a potential target for cancer specific antibody mediated cellular cytotoxicity. Exp Cell Res 2021; 403:112567. [PMID: 33812866 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We chose to evaluate Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) as a possible biomarker for prostate cancer due to its involvement in nucleotide synthesis and cell cycle progression. We utilized two prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU145) along with patient tissue and knockdowns to evaluate overall HPRT expression. The surface localization of HPRT was determined utilizing flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy followed by ADCC to evaluate targeting potential. We found significant upregulation of HPRT within malignant samples with approximately 47% of patients had elevated levels of HPRT compared to normal controls. We also observed a significant association between HPRT and the plasma membrane of DU145 cells (p = 0.0004), but found no presence on PC3 cells (p = 0.14). This was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. ADCC experiments were performed to determine whether HPRT could be used as a target antigen for selective cell-mediated killing. We found that DU145 cells treated with HPRT antibodies had a significantly higher incidence of cell death than both isotype treated samples and PC3 cells treated with the same concentrations of HPRT antibody. Finally, we determined that p53 had a significant impact on HPRT expression both internally and on the surface of cancer cells. These results suggest HPRT as a possible biomarker target for the treatment of patients with prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jangid A, Malik MZ, Ramaswamy R, Singh RKB. Transition and identification of pathological states in p53 dynamics for therapeutic intervention. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2349. [PMID: 33504910 PMCID: PMC7840995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We study a minimal model of the stress-driven p53 regulatory network that includes competition between active and mutant forms of the tumor-suppressor gene p53. Depending on the nature and level of the external stress signal, four distinct dynamical states of p53 are observed. These states can be distinguished by different dynamical properties which associate to active, apoptotic, pre-malignant and cancer states. Transitions between any two states, active, apoptotic, and cancer, are found to be unidirectional and irreversible if the stress signal is either oscillatory or constant. When the signal decays exponentially, the apoptotic state vanishes, and for low stress the pre-malignant state is bounded by two critical points, allowing the system to transition reversibly from the active to the pre-malignant state. For significantly large stress, the range of the pre-malignant state expands, and the system moves to irreversible cancerous state, which is a stable attractor. This suggests that identification of the pre-malignant state may be important both for therapeutic intervention as well as for drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jangid
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Md Zubbair Malik
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Ram Ramaswamy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - R K Brojen Singh
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Peptides and proteins have played an important role in many biological processes, functioning as enzymes, hormones, ligands, receptors, cell mediators, and structural components of cells. Being intrinsic molecules in signaling pathways, peptides allow for therapeutic intervention that closely mimic natural signaling cascades. However, the short chain of amino acids in free peptides is susceptible to proteolysis in vivo. Conjugation of peptides onto nanoparticles has been used as a strategy to extend peptide half-life through conferring steric hindrance and a high packing density that prevents proteolytic enzymes to degrade them. Here, we describe a method to conjugate the anticancer p53 peptides as our model peptide onto 12 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form the AuNP-p53 peptide conjugate. Conjugation of the p53 short-chain peptide of 25 amino acids occurs through a combination of electrostatic interactions and covalent bonds between cysteine residues at the N-terminal of the peptide and the surface of the AuNPs. The AuNPs and AuNP-p53 are characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy for its optical absorbance and zetasizer for their hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential. The semiquantitative analysis of the amount of conjugated peptides on the AuNPs and peptide stability under trypsin treatment is performed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pornsuda Maraming
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Xiakemycin A (XKA), a new antibiotic in the pyranonaphthoquinone family, shows antitumor activity. However, the type of cell death induced by XKA remains elusive. In this study, we aim to investigate the type of death induced by XKA in hepatic cancer.The apoptotic features, such as chromatic agglutination, reactive oxygen species generation and membrane potential of mitochondria, in HepG2 cells treated by XKA were measured by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry. Apoptosis of HepG2 cells treated with XKA was determined by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide double staining and Western blot analysis, respectively.XKA had a significant dose-dependent elevation of chromatic agglutination, reactive oxygen species generation, Annexin V and propidium iodide staining, decrease of membrane potential. Meanwhile, in apoptotic HepG2 cells induced by XKA, robust increment was noticed in p53 expression, cleavage of PARP, caspase-3, and caspase-9.XKA showed potent inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Such phenomenon may be related to activation of the apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang
| | - Zhu Han
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen
| | - Minjie Yang
- Faculty of Nursing, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang
| | - Zhongke Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Xiuyuan Ou
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Angeli D, Salvi S, Tedaldi G. Genetic Predisposition to Breast and Ovarian Cancers: How Many and Which Genes to Test? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1128. [PMID: 32046255 PMCID: PMC7038038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast and ovarian cancers are some of the most common tumors in females, and the genetic predisposition is emerging as one of the key risk factors in the development of these two malignancies. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the best-known genes associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. However, recent advances in molecular techniques, Next-Generation Sequencing in particular, have led to the identification of many new genes involved in the predisposition to breast and/or ovarian cancer, with different penetrance estimates. TP53, PTEN, STK11, and CDH1 have been identified as high penetrance genes for the risk of breast/ovarian cancers. Besides them, PALB2, BRIP1, ATM, CHEK2, BARD1, NBN, NF1, RAD51C, RAD51D and mismatch repair genes have been recognized as moderate and low penetrance genes, along with other genes encoding proteins involved in the same pathways, possibly associated with breast/ovarian cancer risk. In this review, we summarize the past and more recent findings in the field of cancer predisposition genes, with insights into the role of the encoded proteins and the associated genetic disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the possible clinical utility of genetic testing in terms of prevention protocols and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Angeli
- Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Samanta Salvi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Tedaldi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Deepa, Pundir S, Pundir C. Detection of tumor suppressor protein p53 with special emphasis on biosensors: A review. Anal Biochem 2020; 588:113473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
13
|
Zhang YJ, Li JQ, Li HZ, Song H, Wei CS, Zhang SQ. PDRG1 gene silencing contributes to inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Jiang D, Cho WC, Li Z, Xu X, Qu Y, Jiang Z, Guo L, Xu G. MiR-758-3p suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via targeting MDM2 and mTOR. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:535-544. [PMID: 29032337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and among the leading causes of cancer-related death. Although deregulation of microRNAs has been frequently described in HCC, imperfection is known about the precise molecular mechanisms by which microRNAs modulate the process of tumorogenesis and behavior of cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-758-3p could suppress cell proliferation, migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. We screened and identified two novel miR-758-3p targets, MDM2 and mTOR. Up-regulation of miR-758-3p could specifically and markedly down-regulate the expression of MDM2 and mTOR. Additionally, miR-758-3p over-expression displayed significant suppression in HCC development. To identify the mechanisms, we further investigated the P53 and mTOR pathway and found that p-p70S6 kinase(Ser371), p-p70 S6 kinase(Thr389) and p-4E-BP1were dramatically down-regulated after miR-758-3p transfection, while an enhanced expression of P53, AKT and PRAS40 were visualized, thus suggesting that the role of miR-758-3p in HCC progression may be associated with MDM2-p53 and mTOR signaling pathways. Collectively, our results indicate that miR-758-3pserves as a tumor suppressor and plays a crucial role in inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC via targeting MDM2 and mTOR and implicate its potential application in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jiang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yuliang Qu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhongjia Jiang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Le Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Guangxian Xu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vlatković N, El-Fert A, Devling T, Ray-Sinha A, Gore DM, Rubbi CP, Dodson A, Jones AS, Helliwell TR, Jones TM, Boyd MT. Loss of MTBP expression is associated with reduced survival in a biomarker-defined subset of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer 2011; 117:2939-50. [PMID: 21692053 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genetic studies have implicated p53 mutation as a significant risk factor for therapeutic failure in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, in a recent meta-analysis in the literature of p53 from major anatomical subsites (larynx, oral cavity, oropharynx/hypopharynx), associations between patient survival and p53 status were ambiguous. METHODS The authors examined a cohort of SCCHNs using a previously developed biomarker combination that likely predicts p53 status based on p53/MDM2 expression levels determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, the authors generated and validated an antibody to MTBP (an MDM2 binding protein that alters p53/MDM2 homeostasis and may contribute to metastatic suppression) and have incorporated data for MTBP expression into the current analyses. RESULTS Analysis of expression data for p53 and MDM2 in 198 SCCHN patient samples revealed that the biomarker combination p53 + ve/MDM2-low (likely indicative of p53 mutation) was significantly associated with reduced overall survival (log-rank P = .035) and was an independent prognostic factor (P = .013; HR, 1.705; 95% CI, 1.12-2.60); thus, these data were compatible with earlier genetic analyses. By using IHC for p53 and MDM2 to dichotomize patients, the authors found that loss of MTBP expression was significantly associated with reduced survival (log-rank P = .004) and was an independent prognostic factor (P = .004; HR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.39-5.54) in p53 + ve/MDM2-low patients. CONCLUSIONS These results represent the first examination of MTBP expression in human tissues and provide evidence for a p53 status-dependent role for MTBP in suppressing disease progression in SCCHN patients as well as confirming a role for p53 pathway function in delaying disease progression.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tandon S, Tudur-Smith C, Riley RD, Boyd MT, Jones TM. A systematic review of p53 as a prognostic factor of survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the four main anatomical subsites of the head and neck. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:574-87. [PMID: 20142252 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize existing evidence about whether the presence of mutant or upregulated p53 is a prognostic factor for patients presenting with squamous cell carcinoma arising from the larynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or oral cavity. METHOD Relevant articles were identified using strict criteria for systematic searches. Associations between mutant or upregulated p53 versus wild-type or low/undetectable p53 in relation to overall survival and DFS were summarized by extracting or deriving hazard ratio (HR) estimates. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to account for between-study heterogeneity and to summarize the effect of p53 across studies. RESULTS The meta-analyses gave a statistically significant pooled HR for overall survival in oral cavity [pooled HR, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, (95% CI), 1.03-2.11], and for disease-free survival in oral cavity (pooled HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.12-1.93) and in oropharynx (pooled HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.27-0.73). Despite attempts to limit it, between-study heterogeneity was large in the majority of meta-analyses and the prognostic value of p53 was generally inconsistent and inconclusive across studies. CONCLUSION The meta-analysis results highlight that current evidence about the prognostic value of p53 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is inconclusive. Large heterogeneity exists across studies in study-level and patient-level characteristics, making it difficult to ascertain a clear picture. Future studies are required in which p53 expression is investigated in a more standardized and biologically informative manner. In particular, prospectively planned individual patient data meta-analyses are needed to establish the prognostic importance of p53 for specific subgroups of patients undergoing specific treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sankalap Tandon
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Noon AP, Vlatković N, Polański R, Maguire M, Shawki H, Parsons K, Boyd MT. p53 and MDM2 in renal cell carcinoma: biomarkers for disease progression and future therapeutic targets? Cancer 2010; 116:780-90. [PMID: 20052733 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and follows an unpredictable disease course. To improve prognostication, a better understanding of critical genes associated with disease progression is required. The objective of this review was to focus attention on 2 such genes, p53 and murine double minute 2 (MDM2), and to provide a comprehensive summary and critical analysis of the literature regarding these genes in RCC. Information was compiled by searching the PubMed database for articles that were published or e-published up to April 1, 2009. Search terms included renal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, p53, and MDM2. Full articles and any supplementary data were examined; and, when appropriate, references were checked for additional material. All studies that described assessment of p53 and/or MDM2 in renal cancer were included. The authors concluded that increased p53 expression, but not p53 mutation, is associated with reduced overall survival/more rapid disease progression in RCC. There also was evidence that MDM2 up-regulation is associated with decreased disease-specific survival. Two features of RCC stood out as unusual and will require further investigation. First, increased p53 expression is tightly linked with increased MDM2 expression; and, second, patients who have tumors that display increased p53 and MDM2 expression may have the poorest overall survival. Because there was no evidence to support the conclusion that p53 mutation is associated with poorer survival, it seemed clear that increased p53 expression in RCC occurs independent of mutation. Further investigation of the mechanisms leading to increased p53/MDM2 expression in RCC may lead to improved prognostication and to the identification of novel therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan P Noon
- Division of Surgery and Oncology, School of Cancer Studies, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|