1
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Mascherpa A, Ishii N, Tayagui A, Liu J, Sollogoub M, Fairbanks AJ. Lysosomal Targeting of β-Cyclodextrin. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203252. [PMID: 36265126 PMCID: PMC10100462 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and derivatives are approved therapeutics in >30 clinical settings. β-CDs have also shown promise as therapeutics for treatment of some lysosomal storage disorders, such as Niemann-Pick disease type C, and other disease states which involve metabolite accumulation in the lysosome. In these cases, β-CD activity relies on transport to the lysosome, wherein it can bind hydrophobic substrate and effect extraction. The post-translational attachment of N-glycans terminated in mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) residues is the predominant method by which lysosomal enzymes are targeted to the lysosome. In this work we covalently attach a synthetic biantennary bis-M6P-terminated N-glycan to β-CD and study the effect of the added glycans in a mammalian cell line. The formation of a host guest complex with a Cy5 fluorophore allows study of both cellular internalisation and transport to the lysosome by fluorescence microscopy. Results indicate that the rates of both internalisation and lysosomal transport are increased by the attachment of M6P-glycans to β-CD, indicating that M6P-glycan conjugation may improve the therapeutic effectiveness of β-CD for the treatment of disorders involving hydrophobic metabolite accumulation in the lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mascherpa
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Nozomii Ishii
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Ayelen Tayagui
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Jiang Liu
- Sorbonne University, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), UMR 8232, 4, place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne University, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), UMR 8232, 4, place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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2
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Longo N, Sass JO, Jurecka A, Vockley J. Biomarkers for drug development in propionic and methylmalonic acidemias. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:132-143. [PMID: 35038174 PMCID: PMC9303879 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for the development and validation of biomarkers and surrogate endpoints for clinical trials in propionic acidemia (PA) and methylmalonic acidemia (MMA). This review examines the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of PA and MMA that could form the basis for potential biomarkers and surrogate endpoints. Changes in primary metabolites such as methylcitric acid (MCA), MCA:citric acid ratio, oxidation of 13 C-propionate (exhaled 13 CO2 ), and propionylcarnitine (C3) have demonstrated clinical relevance in patients with PA or MMA. Methylmalonic acid, another primary metabolite, is a potential biomarker, but only in patients with MMA. Other potential biomarkers in patients with either PA and MMA include secondary metabolites, such as ammonium, or the mitochondrial disease marker, fibroblast growth factor 21. Additional research is needed to validate these biomarkers as surrogate endpoints, and to determine whether other metabolites or markers of organ damage could also be useful biomarkers for clinical trials of investigational drug treatments in patients with PA or MMA. This review examines the evidence supporting a variety of possible biomarkers for drug development in propionic and methylmalonic acidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Longo
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Jörn Oliver Sass
- Research Group Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Natural Sciences & Institute for Functional Gene Analytics (IFGA)Bonn‐Rhein‐Sieg University of Applied SciencesRheinbachGermany
| | | | - Jerry Vockley
- Division Medical Genetics, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Center for Rare Disease Therapy, UPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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3
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Corrêa T, Feltes BC, Gonzalez EA, Baldo G, Matte U. Network Analysis Reveals Proteins Associated with Aortic Dilatation in Mucopolysaccharidoses. Interdiscip Sci 2021; 13:34-43. [PMID: 33475959 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-020-00406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses are caused by a deficiency of enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Heart diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in MPS patients, even in conditions in which enzyme replacement therapy is available. In this sense, cardiovascular manifestations, such as heart hypertrophy, cardiac function reduction, increased left ventricular chamber, and aortic dilatation, are among the most frequent. However, the downstream events which influence the heart dilatation process are unclear. Here, we employed systems biology tools together with transcriptomic data to investigate new elements that may be involved in aortic dilatation in Mucopolysaccharidoses syndrome. We identified candidate genes involved in biological processes related to inflammatory responses, deposition of collagen, and lipid accumulation in the cardiovascular system that may be involved in aortic dilatation in the Mucopolysaccharidoses I and VII. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of losartan treatment in Mucopolysaccharidoses I mice to underscore how this drug acts to prevent aortic dilation. Our data indicate that the association between the TGF-b signaling pathway, Fos, and Col1a1 proteins can play an essential role in aortic dilation's pathophysiology and its subsequent improvement by losartan treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Corrêa
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno César Feltes
- Institute of Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil.
- Postgraduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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4
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Wang RY, da Silva Franco JF, López-Valdez J, Martins E, Sutton VR, Whitley CB, Zhang L, Cimms T, Marsden D, Jurecka A, Harmatz P. The long-term safety and efficacy of vestronidase alfa, rhGUS enzyme replacement therapy, in subjects with mucopolysaccharidosis VII. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 129:219-227. [PMID: 32063397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vestronidase alfa (recombinant human beta-glucuronidase) is an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII, a highly heterogeneous, ultra-rare disease. Twelve subjects, ages 8-25 years, completed a Phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, blind-start, single crossover study (UX003-CL301; NCT02377921), receiving 24-48 weeks of vestronidase alfa 4 mg/kg IV. All 12 subjects completed the blind-start study, which showed significantly reduced urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and clinical improvement in a multi-domain responder index, and enrolled in a long-term, open-label, extension study (UX003-CL202; NCT02432144). Here, we report the final results of the extension study, up to an additional 144 weeks after completion of the blind-start study. Three subjects (25%) completed all 144 weeks of study, eight subjects (67%) ended study participation before Week 144 to switch to commercially available vestronidase alfa, and one subject discontinued due to non-compliance after receiving one infusion of vestronidase alfa in the extension study. The safety profile of vestronidase alfa in the extension study was consistent with observations in the preceding blind-start study, with most adverse events mild to moderate in severity. There were no treatment or study discontinuations due to AEs and no noteworthy changes in a standard safety chemistry panel. Out of the eleven subjects who tested positive for anti-drug antibodies at any time during the blind-start or extension study, including the baseline assessment in the blind-start study, seven subjects tested positive for neutralizing antibodies and all seven continued to demonstrate a reduction in urinary GAG levels. There was no association between antibody formation and infusion associated reactions. Subjects receiving continuous vestronidase alfa treatment showed a sustained urinary GAG reduction and clinical response evaluated using a multi-domain responder index that includes assessments in pulmonary function, motor function, range of motion, mobility, and visual acuity. Reduction in fatigue was also maintained in the overall population. As ERT is not expected to cross the blood brain barrier, limiting the impact on neurological signs of disease, and not all subjects presented with neurological symptoms, outcomes related to central nervous system pathology are not focused on in this report. Results from this study show the long-term safety and durability of clinical efficacy in subjects with MPS VII with long-term vestronidase alfa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Y Wang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W. La Veta Ave, Orange, CA 92868, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, United States.
| | - José Francisco da Silva Franco
- Hospital Sabara, Av. Angélica, 1987 Consolação, São Paulo, SP, 01227-200, Brazil; Centro de Biotecnologia /Instituto de Pesquisas de Energéticas e Nucleares IPEN/USP, Av 11 de junho 364, Casa 3, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, 04041-001, Brazil
| | - Jaime López-Valdez
- Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo, Av. Gomez Morin S/N, La estación- La Alameda, Aguascalientes, Ags 20259, Mexico
| | - Esmeralda Martins
- Centro Hospitalar Do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vernon Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Mail Stop BCM225, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
| | - Chester B Whitley
- Department of Pediatrics, and Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, East Building, 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., 60 Leveroni Ct, Novato, CA 94949, United States.
| | - Tricia Cimms
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., 60 Leveroni Ct, Novato, CA 94949, United States.
| | - Deborah Marsden
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., 60 Leveroni Ct, Novato, CA 94949, United States.
| | - Agnieszka Jurecka
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., 60 Leveroni Ct, Novato, CA 94949, United States.
| | - Paul Harmatz
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, 744 52nd St, Oakland, CA 94609, United States.
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5
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Tambuyzer E, Vandendriessche B, Austin CP, Brooks PJ, Larsson K, Miller Needleman KI, Valentine J, Davies K, Groft SC, Preti R, Oprea TI, Prunotto M. Therapies for rare diseases: therapeutic modalities, progress and challenges ahead. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 19:93-111. [PMID: 31836861 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Most rare diseases still lack approved treatments despite major advances in research providing the tools to understand their molecular basis, as well as legislation providing regulatory and economic incentives to catalyse the development of specific therapies. Addressing this translational gap is a multifaceted challenge, for which a key aspect is the selection of the optimal therapeutic modality for translating advances in rare disease knowledge into potential medicines, known as orphan drugs. With this in mind, we discuss here the technological basis and rare disease applicability of the main therapeutic modalities, including small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, protein replacement therapies, oligonucleotides and gene and cell therapies, as well as drug repurposing. For each modality, we consider its strengths and limitations as a platform for rare disease therapy development and describe clinical progress so far in developing drugs based on it. We also discuss selected overarching topics in the development of therapies for rare diseases, such as approval statistics, engagement of patients in the process, regulatory pathways and digital tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Tambuyzer
- BioPontis Alliance for Rare Diseases Foundation fup/son, Brussels, Belgium. .,BioPontis Alliance Rare Disease Foundation, Inc, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Benjamin Vandendriessche
- Byteflies, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering (ECSE), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher P Austin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip J Brooks
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristina Larsson
- Orphan Medicines Office, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kay Davies
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen C Groft
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Preti
- Hitachi Chemical Regenerative Medicine Business Sector, Allendale, NJ, USA
| | - Tudor I Oprea
- Translational Informatics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Marco Prunotto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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6
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Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles with roles in processes involved in degrading and recycling cellular waste, cellular signalling and energy metabolism. Defects in genes encoding lysosomal proteins cause lysosomal storage disorders, in which enzyme replacement therapy has proved successful. Growing evidence also implicates roles for lysosomal dysfunction in more common diseases including inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and metabolic disorders. With a focus on lysosomal dysfunction in autoimmune disorders and neurodegenerative diseases - including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease - this Review critically analyses progress and opportunities for therapeutically targeting lysosomal proteins and processes, particularly with small molecules and peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France.
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France.
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.
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7
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Poswar FDO, Vairo F, Burin M, Michelin-Tirelli K, Brusius-Facchin AC, Kubaski F, Souza CFMD, Baldo G, Giugliani R. Lysosomal diseases: Overview on current diagnosis and treatment. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:165-177. [PMID: 31067291 PMCID: PMC6687355 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal diseases (LDs), also known as lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), are a heterogeneous group of conditions caused by defects in lysosomal function. LDs may result from deficiency of lysosomal hydrolases, membrane-associated transporters or other non-enzymatic proteins. Interest in the LD field is growing each year, as more conditions are, or will soon be treatable. In this article, we review the diagnosis of LDs, from clinical suspicion and screening tests to the identification of enzyme or protein deficiencies and molecular genetic diagnosis. We also cover the treatment approaches that are currently available or in development, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, enzyme replacement therapy, small molecules, and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano de Oliveira Poswar
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Filippo Vairo
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maira Burin
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francyne Kubaski
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Baldo
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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8
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Poswar FDO, de Souza CFM, Giugliani R, Baldo G. Aortic root dilatation in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses and the impact of enzyme replacement therapy. Heart Vessels 2018; 34:290-295. [PMID: 30136169 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are disorders characterized by impaired glycosaminoglycan (GAG) catabolism as a consequence of a deficiency or the absence of lysosomal enzymes directly involved in their degradation. Multiple organ systems are involved in MPS, including the cardiovascular system. Recently, aortic root dilatation (ARD) has been described in these patients. Thus, we reviewed aortic root diameter measurements in 69 MPS patients from a single center from 2000 to 2016. Aortic root diameter z scores were calculated based on data published by Colan et al. according to the body surface area (BSA) determined using the Haycock formula. The overall incidence of ARD in MPS patients was 39.1%. Higher mean z scores were present in patients with MPS IVA and VI when compared to MPS I and II. Aortic root z scores were higher in older MPS IVA patients, which may suggest a progressive ARD change in this MPS type. No significant differences were found before and after enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in 11 patients with available data (2 with MPS I; 4 with MPS II; 2 with MPS IVA, and 3 with MPS VI). This work provides further evidence that ARD is common in different types of MPS, being especially evident in MPS IVA, but with a significant occurrence also in MPS VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano de Oliveira Poswar
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Fischinger Moura de Souza
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Physiology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
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9
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Stauffert F, Serra-Vinardell J, Gómez-Grau M, Michelakakis H, Mavridou I, Grinberg D, Vilageliu L, Casas J, Bodlenner A, Delgado A, Compain P. Stereodivergent synthesis of right- and left-handed iminoxylitol heterodimers and monomers. Study of their impact on β-glucocerebrosidase activity. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:3681-3705. [PMID: 28401966 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00443e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A library of dimers and heterodimers of both enantiomers of 2-O-alkylated iminoxylitol derivatives has been synthesised and evaluated on β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), the enzyme responsible for Gaucher disease (GD). Although the objective was to target simultaneously the active site and a secondary binding site of the glucosidase, the (-)-2-iminoxylitol moiety seemed detrimental for imiglucerase inhibition and no significant enhancement was obtained in G202R, N370S and L444P fibroblasts. However, all compounds having at least one (+)-2-O-alkyl iminoxylitol are GCase inhibitors in the nano molar range and are significant GCase activity enhancers in G202R fibroblats, as confirmed by a decrease of glucosylceramide levels and by co-localization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Stauffert
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), Université de Strasbourg/CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
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10
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Rastall DPW, Amalfitano A. Current and Future Treatments for Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2017; 19:45. [PMID: 29101575 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-017-0481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a class of genetic disorders that are a testing ground for the invention of novel therapeutics including enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), substrate reduction therapy (SRT), gene therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). This review summarizes recently approved drugs, then examines the successful clinical trials in gene therapy and HSCT. Recent findings The FDA has recently approved a second SRT by reversing an earlier FDA decision, suggesting a favorable regulatory landscape going forward. Adeno-associated virus therapies, adenovirus therapies, and HSCT have overcome limitations of earlier clinical and preclinical trials, suggesting that gene therapy may be a reality for LSDs in the near future. At the same time, the first EU-approved gene therapy drug, Glybera, has been discontinued, and other ex vivo-based therapies although approved for clinical use have failed to be widely adapted and are no longer economically viable. Summary There are now 11 ERTs and two SRTs approved for LSDs in the USA. Gene therapy approaches and HSCT have also demonstrated promising clinical trial results suggesting that these therapies are on the frontier. Challenges that remain include navigating immune responses, developing drugs capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), developing therapies that can reverse end-organ damage, and achieving these goals in a safe, ethical, and financially sustainable manner. The amount of active development and a track record of iterative progress suggest that treatments for LSDs will continue to be a field of innovation, problem solving, and success.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P W Rastall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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11
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Labay C, Jansman MMT, Ek PK, Hosta-Rigau L. Intracellular Microreactors as Artificial Organelles to Conduct Multiple Enzymatic Reactions Simultaneously. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28004530 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The creation of artificial organelles is a new paradigm in medical therapy that aims to substitute for missing cellular function by replenishing a specific cellular task. Artificial organelles tackle the challenge of mimicking metabolism, which is the set of chemical reactions that occur within a cell, mainly catalyzed by enzymes. So far, the few reported carriers able to conduct enzymatic reactions intracellularly are based on single-compartment carriers. However, cell organelles outperform by conducting multiple reactions simultaneously within confined sub-compartments. Here, the field of artificial organelles is advanced by reporting the assembly of a microreactor consisting of polymer capsules entrapping gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and liposomes as sub-compartments. The fluorescence properties of AuNCs are employed to monitor the microreactors uptake by macrophages. Encapsulation is demonstrated and functionality of microreactors with trypsin (TRP) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-loaded liposomes is preserved. Multiple enzymatic reactions taking place simultaneously is demonstrated by exposing macrophages with the internalized microreactors to bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl-Ile-Pro-Arg)-Rho-110 and Amplex Red substrates, which are specific for TRP and HRP, respectively. Conversion of the substrates into the respective fluorescent products is observed. This report on the first microreactor conducting multiple enzymatic reactions simultaneously inside a cell is a considerable step in the field of artificial organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Godoy-Gallardo
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics; DTU Nanotech; Technical University of Denmark; Building 423 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Cédric Labay
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics; DTU Nanotech; Technical University of Denmark; Building 423 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Michelle M. T. Jansman
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics; DTU Nanotech; Technical University of Denmark; Building 423 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Pramod K. Ek
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics; DTU Nanotech; Technical University of Denmark; Building 423 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics; DTU Nanotech; Technical University of Denmark; Building 423 2800 Lyngby Denmark
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Sánchez-Fernández EM, García Fernández JM, Mellet CO. Glycomimetic-based pharmacological chaperones for lysosomal storage disorders: lessons from Gaucher, GM1-gangliosidosis and Fabry diseases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5497-515. [PMID: 27043200 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are often caused by mutations that destabilize native folding and impair the trafficking of enzymes, leading to premature endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation, deficiencies of specific hydrolytic functions and aberrant storage of metabolites in the lysosomes. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and substrate reduction therapy (SRT) are available for a few of these conditions, but most remain orphan. A main difficulty is that virtually all LSDs involve neurological decline and neither proteins nor the current SRT drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier. Twenty years ago a new therapeutic paradigm better suited for neuropathic LSDs was launched, namely pharmacological chaperone (PC) therapy. PCs are small molecules capable of binding to the mutant protein at the ER, inducing proper folding, restoring trafficking and increasing enzyme activity and substrate processing in the lysosome. In many LSDs the mutated protein is a glycosidase and the accumulated substrate is an oligo- or polysaccharide or a glycoconjugate, e.g. a glycosphingolipid. Although it might appear counterintuitive, substrate analogues (glycomimetics) behaving as competitive glycosidase inhibitors are good candidates to perform PC tasks. The advancements in the knowledge of the molecular basis of LSDs, including enzyme structures, binding modes, trafficking pathways and substrate processing mechanisms, have been put forward to optimize PC selectivity and efficacy. Moreover, the chemical versatility of glycomimetics and the variety of structures at hand allow simultaneous optimization of chaperone and pharmacokinetic properties. In this Feature Article we review the advancements made in this field in the last few years and the future outlook through the lessons taught by three archetypical LSDs: Gaucher disease, GM1-gangliosidosis and Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Sánchez-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
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Investigation of original multivalent iminosugars as pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of Gaucher disease. Carbohydr Res 2016; 429:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Thingholm B, Schattling P, Zhang Y, Städler B. Subcompartmentalized Nanoreactors as Artificial Organelle with Intracellular Activity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1806-14. [PMID: 26855313 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cell mimicry is an approach which aims at substituting missing or lost activity. In this context, the goal of artificial organelles is to provide intracellularly active nanoreactors to affect the cellular performance. So far, only a handful of reports discuss concepts addressing this challenge based on single-component reactors. Here, the assembly of nanoreactors equipped with glucose oxidase (GOx)-loaded liposomal subunits coated with a poly(dopamine) polymer layer and RGD targeting units is reported. When comparing different surface modifications, the uptake of the nanoreactors by endothelial cells and macrophages with applied shear stress is confirmed without inherent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the encapsulation and preserved activity of GOx within the nanoreactors is shown. The intracellular activity is demonstrated by exposing macrophages with internalized nanoreactors to glucose and assessment of the cell viability after 6 and 24 h. The macrophage viability is found to be reduced due to the intracellularly produced hydrogen peroxide by GOx. This report on the first intracellular active subcompartmentalized nanoreactors is a considerable step in therapeutic cell mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Thingholm
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Philipp Schattling
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Yan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
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