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Fodil N, Serra D, Abdullah JAA, Domínguez-Robles J, Romero A, Abdelilah A. Comparative Effect of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Aqueous Extract of Nepeta nepetella through Different Precursor Concentrations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2853. [PMID: 38930221 PMCID: PMC11204487 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis caused by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Accordingly, bacteria have developed mechanisms to resist antibiotics. This crisis endangers public health systems and medical procedures, underscoring the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. This study focuses on the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using aqueous extracts from Nepeta nepetella subps. amethystine leaves and stems, employing different zinc sulfate concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 M). NP characterization included transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), along with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of ZnO NPs, prepared at varying concentrations of zinc sulfate, for their capacity to inhibit both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as their antioxidant potential using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. SEM and TEM results showed predominantly spherical NPs. The smallest size (18.5 ± 1.3 nm for leaves and 18.1 ± 1.3 nm for stems) occurred with the 0.5 M precursor concentration. These NPs also exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at 10 µg/mL, as well as the highest antioxidant activity, with an IC50 (the concentration of NPs that scavenge 50% of the initial DPPH radicals) of 62 ± 0.8 (µg/mL) for the leaves and 35 ± 0.6 (µg/mL) for the stems. NPs and precursor concentrations were modeled to assess their impact on bacteria using a 2D polynomial equation. Response surface plots identified optimal concentration conditions for antibacterial effectiveness against each species, promising in combating antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouzha Fodil
- Laboratory for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, University Center of Salhi Ahmed, P.O. Box 66, Naâma 45000, Algeria;
| | - Djaaboub Serra
- Laboratory of the Valorization of Plant Resources and Food Security in Semi-Arid Areas of Southwest Algeria, Bechar 08000, Algeria;
| | - Johar Amin Ahmed Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.A.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Romero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.A.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Amrouche Abdelilah
- Laboratory for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, University Center of Salhi Ahmed, P.O. Box 66, Naâma 45000, Algeria;
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Rincon-Granados KL, Vázquez-Olmos AR, Rodríguez-Hernández AP, Prado-Prone G, Rivera M, Garibay-Febles V, Almanza-Arjona YC, Sato-Berrú RY, Mata-Zamora E, Silva-Bermúdez PS, Vega-Jiménez A. Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Study of Hybrid Films Based on Polypropylene and NiO or NiFe 2O 4 Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17052. [PMID: 38069375 PMCID: PMC10707088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents an in vitro analysis of the bactericidal and cytotoxic properties of hybrid films containing nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles embedded in polypropylene (PP). The solvent casting method was used to synthesize films of PP, PP@NiO, and PP@NiFe2O4, which were characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that the small crystallite sizes of NiO and NiFe2O4 NPs were maintained even after they were incorporated into the PP matrix. From the Raman scattering spectroscopy data, it was evident that there was a significant interaction between the NPs and the PP matrix. Additionally, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a homogeneous dispersion of NiO and NiFe2O4 NPs throughout the PP matrix. The incorporation of the NPs was observed to alter the surface roughness of the films; this behavior was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The antibacterial properties of all films were evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC®: 43636™) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC®: 23235™), two opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens. The PP@NiO and PP@ NiFe2O4 films showed over 90% bacterial growth inhibition for both strains. Additionally, the effects of the films on human skin cells, such as epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, were evaluated for cytotoxicity. The PP, PP@NiO, and PP@NiFe2O4 films were nontoxic to human keratinocytes. Furthermore, compared to the PP film, improved biocompatibility of the PP@NiFe2O4 film with human fibroblasts was observed. The methodology utilized in this study allows for the production of hybrid films that can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, and Gram-negative bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa. These films have potential as coating materials to prevent bacterial proliferation on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Rincon-Granados
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (K.L.R.-G.); (R.Y.S.-B.); (E.M.-Z.)
| | - América R. Vázquez-Olmos
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (K.L.R.-G.); (R.Y.S.-B.); (E.M.-Z.)
| | - Adriana-Patricia Rodríguez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Gina Prado-Prone
- Facultad de Odontología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (A.V.-J.)
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Vicente Garibay-Febles
- Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas Norte 152 Col. San Bartolo Atepehuacan, Ciudad de México 07730, Mexico;
| | - Yara C. Almanza-Arjona
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Y. Sato-Berrú
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (K.L.R.-G.); (R.Y.S.-B.); (E.M.-Z.)
| | - Esther Mata-Zamora
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (K.L.R.-G.); (R.Y.S.-B.); (E.M.-Z.)
| | - Phaedra S. Silva-Bermúdez
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Vega-Jiménez
- Facultad de Odontología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (A.V.-J.)
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