Should Employers Be Permitted not to Hire Smokers? A Review of US Legal Provisions

Privacy Law Protection Based on the Information Security Assurance Algorithm

With the continuous development of network technology, the production and lifestyle of human beings are also quietly changing. People find that the network makes life faster and more convenient and also makes our life more “transparent.” The openness, sharing, and convenience of the network make it easier to infringe on the privacy rights of others, bringing an unprecedented impact on traditional privacy protection. This paper studied information security assurance-related algorithms and built an information security assurance model. Through this model, some privacy violation events existing in the network today were analyzed. Then, a corresponding questionnaire was constructed according to some of the problems of these events. The questionnaire is mainly used for research on people of all age groups, mainly to study their understanding of relevant legal knowledge and their views on the law. A total of 188 valid questionnaires were collected in this survey. Only 37.23% people knew a lot about the law. Most of them learned it from the Internet, and they rarely learned about it from relevant books. About 70% people believe that the law plays a big role in privacy protection, and they will choose legal help if they encounter privacy violations. However, this is inconsistent with some data obtained from the information security assurance model. Through analysis, it can be seen that although they want legal help, they lack the relevant knowledge of the law, and they do not know whether the privacy of individuals has been violated. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen personal knowledge of privacy protection laws and improve the personal information legal protection and fair use system.

Health Disparities in Tobacco Use and Exposure: A Structural Competency Approach

Fourteen percent of US adults use tobacco products. Because many of those who use tobacco are parents and/or caregivers, children are disproportionately exposed to tobacco smoke. People who use tobacco products often become addicted to nicotine, resulting in tobacco dependence, a chronic, relapsing disease. Tobacco use and exposure are more likely to occur in vulnerable and marginalized groups, including those living in poverty. Although some view tobacco use as a personal choice, evidence suggests that structural forces play an important role in tobacco uptake, subsequent nicotine addiction, and perpetuation of use. Viewing tobacco use and tobacco dependence through a structural competency lens promotes recognition of the larger systemic forces perpetuating tobacco use, including deliberate targeting of groups by the tobacco industry, lack of enforcement of age-for-sale laws, inferior access to health insurance and health care, poor access to cessation resources, and economic stress. Each of these forces perpetuates tobacco initiation and use; in turn, tobacco use perpetuates the user's adverse health and economic conditions. Pediatricians are urged to view family tobacco use as a social determinant of health. In addition to screening adolescents for tobacco use and providing resources and treatment of tobacco dependence, pediatricians are encouraged to systematically screen children for secondhand smoke exposure and support family members who smoke with tobacco cessation. Additionally, pediatricians can address the structural issues perpetuating tobacco use by becoming involved in policy and advocacy initiatives.