Technical Report on the Modification of 3-Dimensional Non-contact Human Body Laser Scanner for the Measurement of Anthropometric Dimensions: Verification of its Accuracy and Precision

Three-Dimensional Model of the Human Eye Development based on Computer Tomograph Images

The objective of this study was to obtain a virtual biomechanical three dimensional model of the human eye though a multidisciplinary collaboration between researchers in various medical and informational fields in order to reach a better understanding of the optical performance of the healthy and diseased eye.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

In order to obtain the virtual model, we analyzed the CT and MRI images of six patients, aged between 21 and 80 years old, dating from February 2013 until January 2019. These scans totalized 4226 images. We selected to use for the construction of the model the CT images of a male patient of 54 years old. In Vesalius and Geomagic for SolidWorks programs were used.

RESULTS

Based on the CT images analysis and using the above mentioned programs, we created a virtual model of the human skull in which the orbit is located, including the eye globe and the extraocular muscles. The SolidWorks virtual model allows the attachment of materials with real properties of the eye tissues. This model can be used in various simulations for the healthy and diseased eye.

CONCLUSIONS

The biomechanical eye model of the eye was created based on a "in vivo" eye model. As the SolidWorks format enables using materials with identical properties to those of the human eyeball, this virtual model can provide very realistic eye simulations.

Development of a new 360-degree surface topography application

BACKGROUND

Surface-topography has been used for almost two decades in the radiation-free clinical evaluation of spinal posture. So far, it was limited to the analysis of back surface and spine. In order to better understand, diagnose and treat complex spinal pathologies, it is important to measure the whole torso.

RESEARCH QUESTION

Purpose of this study was to introduce and test an application that allows 360° reconstruction and analysis of the patient's torso.

METHODS

The application uses the information gathered from eight distinct scans and angles. For validation we used an Alderson phantom as an anthropomorphic body. Defined areas and volumes were measured by CT and surface-topography. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was tested in 35 healthy subjects by two observers.

RESULTS

The results revealed good correspondence between systems in the imaging and evaluation of the Alderson model (5.3-0.5%). Inter- (0.9-0.98) and intra-rater reliability (0.8-0.95) testing revealed good and excellent results in the detection of almost all body surface structures and measurement of areas and volumes. Only area and volume measurements using jugular notch as a reference showed partly moderate results in reliability (0.62-0.93) testing.

SIGNIFICANCE

We were able to introduce a novel 360° torso scan application using surface topography to reconstruct torso measurements. The results of our study showed its high validity and reliability. In the future, this application needs to be tested in patients with spinal pathologies. In summary, this new application may help to better understand, diagnose and treat patients with pathologies of torso and spine.