Muscle Recovery Is Highlighted by IR Laser Therapy

Introducing Critical Genes in Response to Photodynamic Therapy: A Network Analysis

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is applied as an efficient method for preventing the progress of cancers. Light and a photosensitive compound which is known as photosensitizer (PS) are the main parts of PDT. In the present study, molecular events after using PDT in the presence of a super lethal dose of a PS were assessed via protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Methods: Data were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The gene expression profiles of the treated human Sk-Cha1 cells via PDT were compared with the control cells. Expressed change analysis and PPI network analysis were administrated via Cytoscape software v 3.7.2 to find the critical differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Regulatory relationships between the central DEGs were evaluated and the highlighted genes were identified. Results: The significant amounts of gene expression values were grouped and a few DEGs characterized by tremendously expressed values were identified. EGFR, CANX, HSPA5, MYC, JUN, ITGB1, APP, and CDH1 were highlighted as hub-bottleneck DEGs. EGFR, CDH1, and JUN appeared as a set of SEGs, which play a crucial role in response to PDT in the treated Sk-Cha1 cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, regulatory relationships between EGFR, CDH1, and JUN, which have an effect on the regulation of cellular survival, differentiation, and proliferation, were highlighted in the present investigation.

Neuroprotective Properties of Photobiomodulation in Retinal Regeneration in Rats: Perspectives From Interaction Levels

Introduction: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is known as low-level laser (or light) therapy and is applied in different fields of medicine. However, it is required that its molecular and cellular mechanism be investigated. This study aims to assess the neuroprotective properties of PBM in the rat retina. Methods: GSE22818 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the regulation of the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) which are produced by light damage in the rat retina by the pretreatment of PBM application was assessed via network analysis and gene ontology enrichment. Results: The 78 produced DEGs by light-damage in the rat retina were protected via PBM pretreatment action. Among these determined DEGs, 53 individuals were included in the main connected component of the constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Ccl2, Icam1, Cxcl10, Timp1, and Fos were determined as hub nodes. Eight clusters including 26 regulated biochemical pathways by PBM pretreatment were identified. The critical DEGs based on the action maps were introduced. Conclusion: The finding indicates that PBM treatment protects rat retina against light damage via the prevention of Fos, Ccl2, Icam1, Cxcl10, and Myc dysregulation.

Assessment of Dysregulation of HERC6 and Essential Biological Processes in Response to Laser Therapy of Human Arm Skin

Introduction: The widespread application of lasers in medicine, especially in the treatment of diseases implies more investigations to understand the precious molecular mechanism of the laser effect on the human body. In the present study, the prominent role of HERC6 in response to CO₂ Laser therapy of human skin is investigated. Methods: The numbers of 16 gene expression profiles before and after the treatment with the CO₂ laser are downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) are analyzed to find the significant DEGs. Gene ontology analysis revealed that HERC6 and a set of its neighbors played a significant role in response to laser application. Results: The expression changes of 52 significant DEGs were compared via heat map analysis and 27 significant DEGs were introduced as the critical genes which are involved in response to laser irradiation. "Thymidylate kinase activity" among 9 clusters of biological terms was highlighted as an important biological process related to the identified DEGs. HERC2 was proposed as a critical DEG which was related to several essential cellular processes in response to laser application. Conclusion: The findings from the present study indicate that HERC6 and the numbers of its first neighbors are involved in the essential cellular response to laser therapy of human skin.

Immunological reactions by T cell and regulation of crucial genes in treated celiac disease patients

AIM

To assess the immunological reactions and gene expression level in the celiac disease (CD) patients under a gluten-free diet (GFD).

BACKGROUND

CD is an autoimmune disorder in genetic susceptible individuals and lifelong gluten free diet is the effective treatment method. It seems that treated patients will experience a normal life style though there are documents about some potential damages.

METHODS

Gene expression profiles of treated CD patients and healthy samples were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and compared to find the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The identified DEGs were introduced in the network and gene ontology (GO) analysis.

RESULTS

Ten differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including CCR2, IRF4, FASLG, CCR4, ICOS, TNFSF18, BACH2, LTF, PRM1, and PRM2 were investigated via network analysis. Seven clusters of biological processes (BP) were determined as the affected BP. PThe finding led to introduction of CCR2, IRF4, FASLG, CCR4, and ICOS as the potential immunological markers that are still active despite GFD in the treated CD patients.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study indicated that the immune system is already active in treated CD patients despite GFD treatment and exposure to gluten causes potential immunological reactions in these patients.