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Okail HA, Anjum S, Emam NM, Abdel‐Gaber R, Dkhil MA, El‐Ashram S, Ibrahim MA. Ameliorative effect of aqueous avocado seed extract against chromium-induced oxidative stress and cellular damage in rabbit kidney. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:5799-5814. [PMID: 39139953 PMCID: PMC11317667 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of chromium in renal tissues promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress, genomic and cellular harm, and ultimately necrotic and apoptotic cell death induced by free radicals. Hence, the utilization of antioxidant phytochemicals becomes crucial for cellular defense against oxidative damage. This study endeavors to explore the potential protective effects of an aqueous avocado seed extract (ASE) on rabbit kidneys exposed to chromium-induced damage. Fifteen adult rabbits were distributed into three groups: Group 1 was kept as the control. The second and third groups received a daily dose of K2Cr2O7 (5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 2 weeks. While the third group was given an oral dose of ASE (400 mg/kg). In rabbits administered with Cr (VI), kidney homogenates showed a marked increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) (69.3 ± 4.1 nmol/g) along with a decrease in glutathione (59 ± 5.8 nmol/mg) content and the activity superoxide dismutase (SOD) (0.5 ± 0.05 U/mg protein), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (16.7 ± 1.1 μmol/mg protein), and catalase (CAT) (73.8 ± 3.9 U/g protein) compared to the levels in control group. Also, the gene expression data for the enzymes SOD, GPx, and CAT dropped dramatically in kidney tissue following Cr (VI) injection. Additionally, Bowman's capsule and glomerulus showed degenerative alterations in the kidney's histopathology and immunohistochemistry. ASE treatment when administered along with Cr (VI) enhanced the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and improved histopathological conditions. The findings of this study unequivocally show that avocado seed extract, which is rich in phenolic derivatives, is a potent nephroprotective agent that inhibits nephrotoxicity induced by Cr (VI) in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A. Okail
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceSohag UniversitySohagEgypt
| | - Sadia Anjum
- Biology Department, Faculty of ScienceHail UniversityHailSaudi Arabia
| | - Nahed M. Emam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceAl‐Arish UniversityArishEgypt
| | - Rewaida Abdel‐Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceHelwan UniversityCairoEgypt
- Applied Science Research CenterApplied Science Private UniversityAmmanJordan
| | - Saeed El‐Ashram
- College of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshanGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Mona A. Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceHelwan UniversityCairoEgypt
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Savici J, Boldura OM, Balta C, Muselin F, Mederle N, Cristina RT, Brezovan D. Effects of Aronia melanocarpa and Hypericum perforatum aqueous extracts on hexavalent chromium induced toxicity in rat's thyrocytes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127151. [PMID: 36948046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexavalent chromium known as oxidizing agent is able to form reactive oxygen species. Aronia melanocarpa and Hypericum perforatum are two plants known for their antioxidant effects. Our study aimed to establish if CrVI induces apoptosis and structural changes in thyrocytes and if its effect can be counteracted by the administration of both extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats divided in five groups: C - distilled water (DW), Cr - 75 mg/L CrVI in DW for 3 months, Cr 2 - 75 mg/L CrVI in DW for 3 months followed by 1 month DW, CrA - 3 months 75 mg/L CrVI in DW and 1 month Aronia 2.5% extract, CrH - 3 months 75 mg/L CrVI in DW and 1 month Hypericum 2.5% extract. Histological assessment and qRT-PCR for evaluation of BAX and Bcl2 protein levels performed on thyroid samples. RESULTS The Cr and Cr2 groups were those with altered cytoarchitecture: increase in the diameter of many thyroid follicles, a decrease in their number, a decrease in the height of the follicular cells. The histological examination of the CrH group revealed almost recovery of structural architecture. The BAX gene levels were higher in the Cr and Cr2 groups indicating the apoptotic activity of chromium. In extract receiving groups the BAX gene expressions were significantly lower, but the lowest level presented the CrH group. Bcl2 gene expression levels indicate antiapoptotic activity being elevated in the Cr group, followed by CrA, Cr2, and CrH groups. The BAX/Bcl2 ratio which significantly increased in the case of the Cr and Cr2 group compared to the groups that were administered the two plant extracts. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study confirm that CrVI has toxic effects on thyroid endocrine cells and H. perforatum has stronger antioxidant properties against the action of hexavalent chromium in thyrocytes than A. melanocarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Savici
- University of Life Sciences "King Michael I", Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana-Maria Boldura
- University of Life Sciences "King Michael I", Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cornel Balta
- "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, Institute of Life Sciences, Romania
| | - Florin Muselin
- University of Life Sciences "King Michael I", Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Narcisa Mederle
- University of Life Sciences "King Michael I", Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Romeo Teodor Cristina
- University of Life Sciences "King Michael I", Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Brezovan
- University of Life Sciences "King Michael I", Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
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Karami E, Goodarzi Z, Ghanbari A, Dehdashti A, Bandegi AR, Yosefi S. Atorvastatin prevents cadmium-induced renal toxicity in a rat model. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:218-228. [PMID: 36802990 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231157150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
In many industrial processes, worker exposure to cadmium causes kidney damage; thus, protection against cadmium toxicity is important in workplace health. Cadmium toxicity involves oxidative stress by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species. Statins have shown antioxidant effects that might prevent this increase in oxidative stress. We investigated the potential effects of atorvastatin pretreatment in protecting experimental rats against kidney toxicity caused by cadmium. Experiments were performed on 56 adult male Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g), randomly assigned to eight groups. Atorvastatin was administered by oral gavage for 15 days at 20 mg/kg/day, starting 7 days before cadmium chloride intra-peritoneal administration (at 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg) for 8 days. On day 16, blood samples were collected, and kidneys were excised to evaluate the biochemical and histopathological changes. Cadmium chloride significantly increased malondialdehyde, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and decreased superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase levels. Pre-administration of rats with atorvastatin at a dose of 20 mg/kg decreased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and lipid peroxidation, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and prevented changes in physiological variables compared with animals that were not pretreated. Atorvastatin pretreatment prevented kidney damage following exposure to toxic doses of cadmium. In conclusion, atorvastatin pretreatment in rats with cadmium chloride-induced kidney toxicity could reduce oxidative stress by changing biochemical functions and thereby decreasing damage to kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Karami
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Goodarzi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, 154203Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 89245Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Dehdashti
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, 154203Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Research Center of Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Occupational Health, 154203Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 89245Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedighe Yosefi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 154203Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Karami E, Goodarzi Z, Ghanbari A, Bandegi AR, Yosefi S, Dehdashti A. In vivo antioxidant and kidney protective potential of Atorvastatin against cadmium chloride-induced kidney injury in male Wistar rat. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2126900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Karami
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Goodarzi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Al Ghanbari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedighe Yosefi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Dehdashti
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Occupational Health, Research Center of Health Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Fedala A, Adjroud O, Bennoune O, Abid-Essefi S, Foughalia A, Timoumi R. Nephroprotective Efficacy of Selenium and Zinc Against Potassium Dichromate-Induced Renal Toxicity in Pregnant Wistar Albino Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4782-4794. [PMID: 35066750 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) compounds are potent toxicants commonly used in numerous industries. Thus, potential toxic effects and health hazards are of high relevance. Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are known for their antioxidant and chemoprotective properties. However, little is known about their protective effects against CrVI-induced renal damage during pregnancy. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the protective efficacy of these two essential elements against potassium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity in pregnant Wistar Albino rats. Female rats were divided into control and four treated groups of six each receiving subcutaneously on the 3rd day of pregnancy, K2Cr2O7 (10 mg/kg, s.c. single dose) alone, or in association with Se (0.3 mg/kg, s.c. single dose), ZnCl2 (20 mg/kg, s.c. single dose) or both of them simultaneously. The nephrotoxic effects were monitored by the evaluation of plasma renal parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, DNA damage, and renal Cr content. The obtained results showed that K2Cr2O7 disturbed renal biochemical markers, induced oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation in kidney tissues, and altered renal histoarchitecture. The co-administration of Se and/or ZnCl2 has exhibited pronounced chelative, antioxidant, and genoprotective effects against K2Cr2O7-induced renal damage and attenuated partially the histopathological alterations. These results suggest that Se and Zn can be used as efficient nephroprotective agents against K2Cr2O7-induced toxicity in pregnant Wistar Albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfal Fedala
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physio-Toxicology-Pathology and Biomolecules, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, Department of Biology of Organisms, University of Batna 2, 5000, Batna, Algeria.
| | - Ounassa Adjroud
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physio-Toxicology-Pathology and Biomolecules, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, Department of Biology of Organisms, University of Batna 2, 5000, Batna, Algeria
| | - Omar Bennoune
- Institute of Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, Laboratory of Environment, Health and Animal Production (LEHAP), University of Batna 1, Batna, Algeria
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research On Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhamid Foughalia
- Scientific and Technical Research Center On Arid Regions (CRSTRA), University Campus Mohamed Khider, BP 1682 R.P, Biskra-07000, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Rim Timoumi
- Laboratory for Research On Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
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Mitra S, Chakraborty AJ, Tareq AM, Emran TB, Nainu F, Khusro A, Idris AM, Khandaker MU, Osman H, Alhumaydhi FA, Simal-Gandara J. Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: Novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2022; 34:101865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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El-Demerdash FM, El-Sayed RA, Abdel-Daim MM. Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil modulates renal toxicity and oxidative stress induced by potassium dichromate in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126791. [PMID: 34022565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromium hexavalent (CrVI) is known as a toxic contaminant that induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in humans and animals. Rosmarinus officinalis is a perennial herb rich in biologically active constituents that have powerful antioxidant properties. So, the current work evaluated the effectiveness of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (REO) against alterations induced by potassium dichromate in the kidney of male rats. METHODS GC-MS analysis, in vitro total phenol contents, and DPPH scavenging activity of REO were estimated. Thirty-five Wistar male rats were categorized into 5 groups. The first group was the control, the second one was orally administered rosemary essential oil (REO; 0.5 mL/kg BW), the third group was injected intraperitoneally with hexavalent chromium (CrVI; 2 mg/kg BW) for 14 days, the fourth group used as the protective group (REO was administrated 30 min before i.p. injection of CrVI) and the fifth group applied as the therapeutic group (rats injected with CrVI 30 min followed by oral administration of REO), respectively. RESULTS Twenty-nine components were detected with high total phenolic contents and high DPPH scavenging activity. Results revealed that CrVI- intoxicated rats showed a valuable increase in oxidative stress profile (TBARS and H2O2) and a notable decline in glutathione (GSH), total protein content, and enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST). Furthermore, serum kidney functions biomarkers (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) were increased significantly. Also, the administration of CrVI showed histological and immunohistochemical (PCNA-ir) changes in rat kidney tissue. Otherwise, administration of REO pre or post-treatment with CrVI significantly restored most of the biochemical parameters in addition to improvement in kidney tissue architecture. Moreover, individual intake with REO exhibited an amendment in oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Conclusively, REO had a potential antioxidant capacity in ameliorating K2Cr2O7-induced nephrotoxicity, especially in the protection group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Raghda A El-Sayed
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt.
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Fedala A, Adjroud O, Abid-Essefi S, Timoumi R. Protective effects of selenium and zinc against potassium dichromate-induced thyroid disruption, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in pregnant Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22563-22576. [PMID: 33423197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is an environmental pollutant and an endocrine-disrupting metal. Se and Zn are essential trace elements, known to play a crucial role in thyroid homeostasis. However, there is a lack of data reporting thyrotoxicity during gestation. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of selenium and zinc against potassium dichromate-induced thyrotoxicity in pregnant Wistar rats. Thirty pregnant Wistar rats were divided into control and four treated groups receiving subcutaneously (s.c) on the 3rd day of pregnancy, K2Cr2O7 (10 mg/kg, s.c) alone, or in association with Se (0.3 mg/kg, s.c), ZnCl2 (20 mg/kg, s.c), or both of them simultaneously. The hormonal profile, oxidative stress biomarkers, DNA damage, and histological modifications were evaluated. Our main findings showed that K2Cr2O7 promoted hypothyroidism, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and histological alterations in the thyroid gland. The co-treatment with Se or ZnCl2 has mitigated K2Cr2O7-induced thyrotoxicity in pregnant Wistar rats by exhibiting antioxidant and genoprotective effects. However, the combined co-treatment of both of them was less thyroprotective, and therefore, further investigations on the synergetic interaction of Se and Zn against CrVI toxicity using different doses and exposure routes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfal Fedala
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiotoxicology-Biomolecules, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, Department of Biology of Organisms, University of Batna 2, Fesdis, 5000, Batna, Algeria.
| | - Ounassa Adjroud
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiotoxicology-Biomolecules, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, Department of Biology of Organisms, University of Batna 2, Fesdis, 5000, Batna, Algeria
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rim Timoumi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
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Cr(VI) induces ROS-mediated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in neuronal cells via the activation of Akt/ERK/AMPK signaling pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104795. [PMID: 32061800 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a well-known toxic industrial and environmental pollutant, has been shown to cause serious toxic and health effects. However, limited information is available on Cr(VI)-induced neurotoxic potential, with the underlying toxicological mechanisms remain mostly unclear. The present study demonstrated that the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway was involved in Cr(VI)-induced SH-SY5Y cell (the human neuroblastoma cell line) death, which was accompanied by the appearance of cell shrinkage, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization and cytochrome c release, and the activation of caspase cascades and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Cr(VI) treatment also increased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) effectively attenuated ROS production and reversed these Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptotic responses. Furthermore, exposure to Cr(VI) significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of Akt, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α. NAC and the pharmacological inhibitor of Akt (LY294002), ERK1/2 (PD980590), and AMPKα (Compound C) markedly abrogated the Cr(VI)-induced activation of Akt, ERK1/2, and AMPKα signal, respectively, with the concomitant inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation. Additionally, all these inhibitors suppressed Cr(VI)-induced phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, and AMPKα and of each other. Collectively, these results suggest that Cr(VI) exerts its cytotoxicity on neuronal cells by inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis through the interdependent activation of Akt, ERK1/2, and AMPKα, which are mainly mediated by ROS generation.
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Yin F, Yan J, Zhao Y, Guo KJ, Zhang ZL, Li AP, Meng CY, Guo L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair Cr (VI)- injured kidney by regulating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and mitophagy mediated via the MAPK signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:234-241. [PMID: 30939403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the repair effect and mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation on injured kidneys caused by hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)). Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.4 mg/kg•bw Cr (VI) ion solution. After 30 days, 1 × 107 BMSCs were transplanted into rats. After cell transplantation for 2 weeks, there was no significant difference in the chromium content between the model and BMSCs-therapy group by atomic absorption spectrometry. In BMSCs-therapy group, the renal organ index, the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE), malonaldehyde (MDA) content were significantly decreased, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly elevated, and the pathological changes were improved compared with the model group. The results of immunohistochemical and western blot assays showed that the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Cytochrome c, and Caspase-3, as well as autophagy-associated proteins Beclin 1, PINK1, Parkin, p-Parkin, LC3B, and the MAPK signaling pathway, including the ratio of p-p38 to p38 and p-JNK to JNK were all significantly decreased, Bcl-2 and p62 expressions, and the ratio of p-ERK to ERK were significantly elevated in BMSCs-therapy group compared with the model group. These results suggested that BMSCs repaired Cr (VI)-injured kidney through decreasing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and mitophagy mediated by downregulating phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, upregulating phosphorylation of ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ke-Jun Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - An-Pei Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Chun-Yang Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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