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Sezgin G, Kar F, Uslu S. The effect of nutrition and exercise training on irisin and semaphorin-3E levels in obese patients. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:558-567. [PMID: 32569480 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1779310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to firstly examine the effects of nutrition and exercise training on irisin, Sema-3E, biochemical and inflammatory parameters in obese patients. This study was conducted using 37 individuals were divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI) as non-obese, 1nd degree and 2nd degree obese individuals. Nutrition and exercise training were applied to groups for eight weeks. Insulin resistance decreased in non-obese and 1st degree obese subjects. HsCRP values decreased only in the second degree obese individuals. Adiponectin values were significantly decreased in all three groups. There was a negative correlation between serum adiponectin and plasma irisin levels both before and after treatment. Sema-3E levels increased significantly in only the first degree obese individuals, whereas plexin-D1 values did not change significantly in any group. Our findings indicate that nutrition and exercise training we apply improved both anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters in obese and non-obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülay Sezgin
- Department of Nutrition and Diet, Istanbul Taksim Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sema Uslu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Ghanbari-Niaki A, Hosseini F, Broom DR, Tejenjari B, Rahmati-Ahmadabad S. Combined Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training and Ziziphus jujuba Extract on Tissue Nesfatin-1 in Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:845014. [PMID: 35592780 PMCID: PMC9110837 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.845014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is involved in metabolic/feeding regulation and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that exercise and herb supplementation can influence nesfatin-1 concentration. The present study investigated the effects of high-intensity training (HIT) and Ziziphus jujuba (ZJ) extract on tissue nesfatin-1 in rats. Twenty-eight female rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups i.e. 1) Saline-Control (SC), 2) Saline-High Intensity Training (ST), 3) Ziziphus jujuba-Control (ZJC), and 4) Ziziphus jujuba-High Intensity Training (ZJT). Rats performed exercise on a treadmill and/or administered supplements intragastrically for 6 weeks, depending on group category. Seventy-two hours after the last training session, rats were anesthetized. Blood, hypothafi 2lamus tissue, heart and gastrocnemius muscles were sent to the laboratory for analyses. Significantly higher nesfatin-1 gene expression and concentration and ATP concentration were found in trained rat. HIT increased plasma High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and insulin concentration and reduced plasma Triglyceride (TG) and cortisol. ZJ increased tissue nesftain-1 gene expression and concentration while only increasing heart ATP. The combination of exercise and ZJ showed an additive effect compared to each intervention alone on hypothalamus, heart and gastrocnemius NUCB2 gene expression, heart and gastrocnemius nesfatin-1 concentration, plasma HDL and cortisol concentration. The authors recommend both interventions as a means to improve cardiovascular health in rats with further work needed to confirm similar findings in homo sapiens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbass Ghanbari-Niaki
- Exercise Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Hosseini
- Exercise Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - David Robert Broom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Bahareh Tejenjari
- Exercise Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Saleh Rahmati-Ahmadabad
- Department of Physical Education, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis, Iran
- *Correspondence: Saleh Rahmati-Ahmadabad,
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Rissanen JA, Häkkinen K, Laukkanen JA, Häkkinen A. Acute Hemodynamic Responses to Combined Exercise and Sauna. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:824-831. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1186-1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study investigated acute hemodynamic, plasma volume and immunological
responses to four loading protocols: sauna only, and sauna after endurance,
strength or combined endurance and strength exercise. Twenty-seven healthy,
slightly prehypertensive men (age 32.7±6.9 years) were measured at PRE,
MID (after exercise), POST, POST30min and POST24h. The measurements consisted
systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and
concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein, white blood cells and
plasma volume measurements. Endurance+sauna showed significant decreases
in systolic blood pressure at POST (–8.9 mmHg), POST30min (–11.0
mmHg) and POST24h (–4.6 mmHg). At POST30min, significant decreases were
also observed in sauna (–4.3 mmHg) and combined+sauna
(–7.5 mmHg). Diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly from -5.4
to –3.9 mmHg at POST in all loadings. Plasma volume decreased
significantly at MID in all exercise loadings and at POST in
endurance+sauna and strength+sauna. Plasma volume increased
significantly (p < 0.01) in endurance+sauna and
combined+sauna at POST24h. White blood cells increased following all
exercise+sauna loadings at MID, POST and POST30min, whereas high
sensitive C-reactive protein showed no changes at any measurement point. The
combination of endurance exercise and sauna showed the greatest positive effects
on blood pressure. Both loadings including endurance exercise increased plasma
volume on the next day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Antero Rissanen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of
Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä,
Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of
Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä,
Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Antero Laukkanen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Central Finland
Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of
Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arja Häkkinen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Central Finland
Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of
Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Silva D, Moreira R, Sokhatska O, Beltrão M, Montanha T, Garcia-Larsen V, Villegas R, Severo M, Pizarro A, Pinto M, Martins C, Duarte A, Delgado L, Rufo J, Paciência I, Teixeira JP, Costa C, Moreira P, Carvalho J, Moreira A. Meal-exercise challenge and physical activity reduction impact on immunity and inflammation (MERIIT trial). Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2018; 10:177-189. [PMID: 30009276 PMCID: PMC6042468 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of a pre-exercise meal as countermeasure to exercise induced immunodepression is poorly known. Also, sedentary behavior is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk but studies on immune changes are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess: 1) the impact of a pre-exercise Mediterranean meal (MdM) compared with a fast-food type meal (FFM) on exercise-induced immunological changes and 2) the impact of an induced acute period of sedentary behavior on neuro-immune-endocrine status. METHODS /Design: This is a two steps clinical trial including: (a) randomized crossover clinical trial, comparing the effect a high-fat/low-nutrient dense meal, FFM, with an isoenergetic similar high-nutrient dense meal, MdM, in the immune response to an exercise challenge (EC) and (b) a pilot trial assessing the neuro-immune-endocrine change induced by acute decreasing by half the usual physical activity level. RESULTS A total of 46 participants (26 females), median aged 25 years were included. Of those 39-completed protocol, including overweight, physical active and inactive and participants with asthma. There were no differences in the EC between interventions. Dietary factors and physical activity were closely monitored during interventions and kept similar. During physical inactivity induction, 31% reached the target of 50% reduction in mean step number and 77% reached a 30% reduction. CONCLUSION The use of a pre-exercise meal to modulate immune response and the understanding of the immunological impact of physical inactivity might help to establish future recommendations on how to practice exercise in a safer way and to recognize the potential impact of inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Silva
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Oksana Sokhatska
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Marília Beltrão
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Montanha
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure - Faculty of Sports, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Pizarro
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure - Faculty of Sports, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Pinto
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Martins
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Duarte
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Rufo
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Paciência
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure - Faculty of Sports, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Smith JW, Krings BM, Shepherd BD, Waldman HS, Basham SA, McAllister MJ. Effects of carbohydrate and branched-chain amino acid beverage ingestion during acute upper body resistance exercise on performance and postexercise hormone response. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:504-509. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the individual and combined effects of ingesting carbohydrates (CHO) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) during high-volume upper body resistance exercise (RE) on markers of catabolism and performance. Thirteen resistance-trained males completed 4 experimental trials with supplementation, ingesting beverages containing CHO, BCAA, CHO+BCAA, or placebo (PLA) in a randomized, double-blind design. The beverages were ingested in 118-mL servings 6 times during an ∼60-min RE session consisting of bench press, bent-over row, incline press, and close-grip row. Each RE was performed with 5 sets of repetitions at 65% 1-repetition maximum until volitional fatigue. Blood samples were collected at baseline, immediately postexercise, and 60 min postexercise to assess glucose and insulin. Cortisol was assessed immediately and at 60 min postexercise. No significant performance benefits were observed for any RE. CHO+BCAA (152.4 ± 71.4 ng/mL) resulted in the lowest cortisol levels, which was lower than BCAA and PLA (193.7 ± 88.5, 182.8 ± 67.5 ng/mL, p < 0.05), but not different from CHO (165 ± 76.5 ng/mL, p = 0.342). Postexercise insulin concentrations were significantly higher with CHO (4.79 ± 3.4 mU/L) compared with BCAA and PLA (3.7 ± 2.0, 3.5 ± 1.8 mU/L, p < 0.05), but not different from CHO+BCAA (4.3 ± 2.5 mU/L, p = 0.339). There was no treatment effect for glucose, but glucose significantly increased from baseline to immediately postexercise and significantly decreased at 60 min postexercise. Ingesting beverages containing CHO with or without BCAA during upper body resistance exercise may promote a more favorable postexercise less catabolic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- JohnEric W. Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Ben M. Krings
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Brandon D. Shepherd
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Hunter S. Waldman
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Steven A. Basham
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Matthew J. McAllister
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Dahlquist DT, Stellingwerff T, Dieter BP, McKenzie DC, Koehle MS. Effects of macro- and micronutrients on exercise-induced hepcidin response in highly trained endurance athletes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:1036-1043. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency has ergolytic effects on athletic performance. Exercise-induced inflammation impedes iron absorption in the digestive tract by upregulating the expression of the iron regulatory protein, hepcidin. Limited research indicates the potential of specific macro- and micronutrients on blunting exercise-induced hepcidin. Therefore, we investigated the effects of postexercise supplementation with protein and carbohydrate (CHO) and vitamins D3 and K2 on the postexercise hepcidin response. Ten highly trained male cyclists (age: 26.9 ± 6.4 years; maximal oxygen uptake: 67.4 ± 4.4 mL·kg–1·min–1 completed 4 cycling sessions in a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded, triple-crossover study. Experimental days consisted of an 8-min warm-up at 50% power output at maximal oxygen uptake, followed by 8 × 3-min intervals at 85% power output at maximal oxygen uptake with 1.5 min at 60% power output at maximal oxygen uptake between each interval. Blood samples were collected pre- and postexercise, and at 3 h postexercise. Three different drinks consisting of CHO (75 g) and protein (25 g) with (VPRO) or without (PRO) vitamins D3 (5000 IU) and K2 (1000 μg), or a zero-calorie control drink (PLA) were consumed immediately after the postexercise blood sample. Results showed that the postexercise drinks had no significant (p ≥ 0.05) effect on any biomarker measured. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in hepcidin and interleukin-6 following intense cycling intervals in the participants. Hepcidin increased significantly (p < 0.05) from baseline (nmol·L–1: 9.94 ± 8.93, 14.18 ± 14.90, 10.44 ± 14.62) to 3 h postexercise (nmol·L–1: 22.27 ± 13.41, 25.44 ± 11.91, 22.57 ± 15.57) in VPRO, PRO, and PLA, respectively. Contrary to our hypothesis, the drink compositions used did not blunt the postexercise hepcidin response in highly trained athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T. Dahlquist
- UBC Environmental Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Canadian Sport Institute – Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada
| | - Trent Stellingwerff
- UBC Environmental Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Canadian Sport Institute – Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada
| | - Brad P. Dieter
- Providence Health Care, Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Spokane, WA 99204, USA
| | - Donald C. McKenzie
- UBC Environmental Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Division of Sports Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael S. Koehle
- UBC Environmental Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Division of Sports Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Hennigar SR, McClung JP, Pasiakos SM. Nutritional interventions and the IL-6 response to exercise. FASEB J 2017; 31:3719-3728. [PMID: 28507168 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a wide range of biologic effects. In response to prolonged exercise, IL-6 is synthesized by contracting skeletal muscle and released into circulation. Circulating IL-6 is thought to maintain energy status during exercise by acting as an energy sensor for contracting muscle and stimulating glucose production. If tissue damage occurs, immune cells infiltrate and secrete cytokines, including IL-6, to repair skeletal muscle damage. With adequate rest and nutrition, the IL-6 response to exercise is attenuated as skeletal muscle adapts to training. However, sustained elevations in IL-6 due to repeated bouts of unaccustomed activities or prolonged exercise with limited rest may result in untoward physiologic effects, such as accelerated muscle proteolysis and diminished nutrient absorption, and may impair normal adaptive responses to training. Recent intervention studies have explored the role of mixed meals or carbohydrate, protein, ω-3 fatty acid, or antioxidant supplementation in mitigating exercise-induced increases in IL-6. Emerging evidence suggests that sufficient energy intake before exercise is an important factor in attenuating exercise-induced IL-6 by maintaining muscle glycogen. We detail various nutritional interventions that may affect the IL-6 response to exercise in healthy human adults and provide recommendations for future research exploring the role of IL-6 in the adaptive response to exercise.-Hennigar, S. R., McClung, J. P., Pasiakos, S. M. Nutritional interventions and the IL-6 response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hennigar
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts, USA; .,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, Maryland, USA
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts, USA
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Caris AV, Da Silva ET, Dos Santos SA, Lira FS, Oyama LM, Tufik S, Dos Santos RVT. Carbohydrate Supplementation Influences Serum Cytokines after Exercise under Hypoxic Conditions. Nutrients 2016; 8:E706. [PMID: 27827949 PMCID: PMC5133093 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise performed at the hypoxia equivalent of an altitude of 4200 m is associated with elevated inflammatory mediators and changes in the Th1/Th2 response. By contrast, supplementation with carbohydrates has an anti-inflammatory effect when exercise is performed under normoxic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate supplementation on cytokines and cellular damage markers after exercise under hypoxic conditions at a simulated altitude of 4200 m. METHODS Seven adult male volunteers who exercised for 60 min at an intensity of 50% VO2Peak were randomly evaluated under three distinct conditions; normoxia, hypoxia and hypoxia + carbohydrate supplementation. Blood samples were collected at rest, at the end of exercise and after 60 min of recovery. To evaluate hypoxia + carbohydrate supplementation, volunteers received a solution of 6% carbohydrate (maltodextrin) or a placebo (strawberry-flavored Crystal Light®; Kraft Foods, Northfield, IL, USA) every 20 min during exercise and recovery. Statistical analyses comprised analysis of variance, with a one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS Under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, there was a significant increase in the concentration of IL-6 after exercise and after recovery compared to at rest (p < 0.05), while in the hypoxia + carbohydrate group, there was a significant increase in the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α after exercise compared to at rest (p < 0.05). Furthermore, under this condition, TNF-α, IL-2 and the balance of IL-2/IL-4 were increased after recovery compared to at rest (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that carbohydrate supplementation modified the IL-6 and TNF-α serum concentrations and shifted the IL-2/IL-4 balance towards Th1 in response without glycemic, glutaminemia and cell damage effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Venticinque Caris
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil.
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11060-001, Brazil.
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Stachowicz M, Lebiedzińska A. The effect of diet components on the level of cortisol. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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