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Monahan M, Petrakos G, Egan B. Physiological and Perceptual Responses to a Single Session of Resisted Sled Sprint Training at Light or Heavy Sled Loads. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:2733-2740. [PMID: 36135030 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Monahan, M, Petrakos, G, and Egan, B. Physiological and perceptual responses to a single session of resisted sled sprint training at light or heavy sled loads. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2733-2740, 2022-The acute physiological and perceptual responses to a single session of resisted sled sprint (RSS) training are largely unexplored, nor have differences, if any, between male and female athletes been compared. Team field sport athletes (n = 27; male/female, 15/12; 21.1 ± 2.7 years) were assessed for Maximal Resisted Sled Load (MRSL) from which light (L-RSS, 30%MRSL) and heavy (H-RSS, 80%MRSL) sled loads were prescribed. On separate occasions in random order, 2 training sessions of 12 × 20 m RSS repetitions at either L- or H-RSS were performed, and assessments of physiological and perceptual responses were performed before (PRE), during, after (POST) and 24 hours after (+24 hours POST) each session. Compared to unresisted sprints, velocity decrements of 7.5 ± 2.2 and 22.7 ± 8.1% were produced by L-RSS and H-RSS, respectively. Heart rate, blood lactate, and ratings of perceived exertion were higher in H-RSS compared to L-RSS. Decrements in 20 m sprint and countermovement jump performance observed at POST had returned to PRE values at +24 hours POST. Except for a higher heart rate (∼7-12 b·min-1) in females during the respective sessions, responses to L- and H-RSS were generally similar between males and females. A single session of heavy RSS training is more demanding than light RSS training when matched for sprint number and distance, but measures of lower limb power and sprint performance return to pre-training levels within 24 hours regardless of sled load. Males and females respond similarly to a single session of RSS training when individualized, relative intensity sled loads are prescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monahan
- Institute for Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - George Petrakos
- Institute for Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
- Wasps Rugby, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Egan
- Institute for Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Ireland ; and
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida
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Lizana JA, Bachero-Mena B, Calvo-Lluch A, Sánchez-Moreno M, Pereira LA, Loturco I, Pareja-Blanco F. Do Faster, Stronger, and More Powerful Athletes Perform Better in Resisted Sprints? J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:1826-1832. [PMID: 32639382 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lizana, JA, Bachero-Mena, B, Calvo-Lluch, A, Sánchez-Moreno, M, Pereira, LA, Loturco, I, and Pareja-Blanco, F. Do faster, stronger, and more powerful athletes perform better in resisted sprints? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-This study aimed to analyze the relationships between different strength, power, and speed abilities and resisted sprint performance across a wide range of sled loads (10, 30, and 50% body mass [BM]). Seventy-nine young physically active male sport science students (age: 22.8 ± 3.4 years, BM: 74.2 ± 9.1 kg, and height: 175.4 ± 8.5 cm) performed 2 testing sessions. Session 1 consisted of a 20 m sprint without any additional load and with 10, 30, and 50% BM. Session 2 consisted of countermovement jump and full squat (SQ) tests. The CMJ was performed without any additional load and with loads of 30 and 50% BM, and the SQ was performed with loads corresponding to 30, 50, 70, and 90% BM. Resisted sprint times were moderate to large correlated with unloaded sprint times (r = 0.79 to 0.89), unloaded and loaded jump height (r = -0.62 to -0.71), and SQ performance (r = -0.56 to -0.71). Negative relationships were observed between velocity loss induced by each sled load and jump and SQ performance. The magnitude of these relationships increased with increasing sled loads. In conclusion, differences in speed, strength, and power abilities may explain, at least partially, the individual response of each athlete during sprinting towing a sled, especially with heavier sled loads. Thus, faster, stronger, and more powerful athletes require heavier sled loads (relative to %BM) to experience similar exercise intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Lizana
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports and Computers Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bachero-Mena
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Africa Calvo-Lluch
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports and Computers Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Lucas A Pereira
- NAR, Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irineu Loturco
- NAR, Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Pareja-Blanco
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports and Computers Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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Cahill MJ, Oliver JL, Cronin JB, Clark KP, Cross MR, Lloyd RS. Sled-Push Load-Velocity Profiling and Implications for Sprint Training Prescription in Young Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 35:3084-3089. [PMID: 31972825 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cahill, MJ, Oliver, JL, Cronin, JB, Clark, KP, Cross, MR, and Lloyd, RS. Sled-push load-velocity profiling and implications for sprint training prescription in young athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Resisted sled pushing is a popular method of sprint-specific training; however, little evidence exists to support the prescription of resistive loads in young athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and linearity of the force-velocity relationship during sled pushing, as well as the amount of between-athlete variation in the load required to cause a decrement in maximal velocity (Vdec) of 25, 50, and 75%. Ninety (n = 90) high school, male athletes (age 16.9 ± 0.9 years) were recruited for the study. All subjects performed 1 unresisted and 3 sled-push sprints with increasing resistance. Maximal velocity was measured with a radar gun during each sprint and the load-velocity (LV) relationship established for each subject. A subset of 16 subjects examined the reliability of sled pushing on 3 separate occasions. For all individual subjects, the LV relationship was highly linear (r > 0.96). The slope of the LV relationship was found to be reliable (coefficient of variation [CV] = 3.1%), with the loads that cause a decrement in velocity of 25, 50, and 75% also found to be reliable (CVs = <5%). However, there was large between-subject variation (95% confidence interval) in the load that caused a given Vdec, with loads of 23-42% body mass (%BM) causing a Vdec of 25%, 45-85 %BM causing a Vdec of 50%, and 69-131 %BM causing a Vdec of 75%. The Vdec method can be reliably used to prescribe sled-push loads in young athletes, but practitioners should be aware that the load required to cause a given Vdec is highly individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheál J Cahill
- Athlete Training and Health, Plano, Texas.,Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jon L Oliver
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Youth Physical Development Center, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - John B Cronin
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kenneth P Clark
- Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Matt R Cross
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,University of Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | - Rhodri S Lloyd
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Youth Physical Development Center, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales.,Center for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Effect of Heavy Resisted Sled Sprint Training During the Competitive Season on Sprint and Change-of-Direction Performance in Professional Soccer Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:1066-1073. [PMID: 30702366 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resisted sled sprinting (RSS) is an effective tool for improving sprint performance over short distances, but the effect on change-of-direction (COD) performance is largely unknown. The present study investigated the effect of heavy RSS training during the competitive season on sprint and COD performance in professional soccer players. METHODS Over 6 wk in-season, an RSS training group (n = 6) performed RSS at a sled load of 30% body mass for a total program running distance of 800 m, whereas an unresisted sprint (URS) training group (n = 7) performed the same distance of unresisted sprinting. A 20-m maximal sprint with split times measured at 5, 10, and 20 m and the sprint 9-3-6-3-9 m with 180° turns COD test were performed before and after the intervention. RESULTS Sprint performance (mean, 95% confidence limits, qualitative inference) was improved in both groups over 5 m (URS, 5.1%, -2.4 to 12.7, likely moderate; RSS, 5.4%, 0.5-10.4, likely moderate), 10 m (URS, 3.9%, -0.3 to 8.1, very likely moderate; RSS, 5.0%, 1.8-8.0, very likely large), and 20 m (URS, 2.0%, -0.6 to 4.5, likely moderate; RSS, 3.0%, 1.7-4.4, very likely moderate). COD was improved in both groups (URS, 3.7%, 2.2-5.2, most likely large; RSS, 3.3%, 1.6-5.0, most likely moderate). Between-groups differences were unclear. CONCLUSION Heavy RSS and URS training matched for running distance were similarly effective at improving sprint and COD performance in professional soccer players when performed in the competitive phase of the season.
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Sled-Pull Load-Velocity Profiling and Implications for Sprint Training Prescription in Young Male Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7050119. [PMID: 31137511 PMCID: PMC6572326 DOI: 10.3390/sports7050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of individual load–velocity profiles and the between-athlete variation using the decrement in maximal velocity (Vdec) approach to prescribe training loads in resisted sled pulling in young athletes. Seventy high school, team sport, male athletes (age 16.7 ± 0.8 years) were recruited for the study. All participants performed one un-resisted and four resisted sled-pull sprints with incremental resistance of 20% BM. Maximal velocity was measured with a radar gun during each sprint and the load–velocity relationship established for each participant. A subset of 15 participants was used to examine the reliability of sled pulling on three separate occasions. For all individual participants, the load–velocity relationship was highly linear (r > 0.95). The slope of the load–velocity relationship was found to be reliable (coefficient of variation (CV) = 3.1%), with the loads that caused a decrement in velocity of 10, 25, 50, and 75% also found to be reliable (CVs = <5%). However, there was a large between-participant variation (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) in the load that caused a given Vdec, with loads of 14–21% body mass (% BM) causing a Vdec of 10%, 36–53% BM causing a Vdec of 25%, 71–107% BM causing a Vdec of 50%, and 107–160% BM causing a Vdec of 75%. The Vdec method can be reliably used to prescribe sled-pulling loads in young athletes, but practitioners should be aware that the load required to cause a given Vdec is highly individualized.
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Comment on: "The Effectiveness of Resisted Sled Training (RST) for Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Sports Med 2018; 49:349-351. [PMID: 30542829 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-01038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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