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Qin Z, Qin Y, Wang J. Neuromuscular Training Effects on Athletes' Jumping and Lower Limb Injury: A Systematic Review. J Mot Behav 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38967242 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2024.2369699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of integrated neuromuscular training (INT) on athletes' jumping performance and lower limb injury prevention. A thorough search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library, identified a sample of 19,805 athletes aged between 8.5 and 27.7 years. Results showed that INT led to a significant improvement in jumping ability (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI 0.30-0.60, P = 0.000) and a reduction in lower limb injuries (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI 0.62-0.74, P = 0.000). The most effective interventions lasted at least 25 minutes, conducted 2-5 times per week, for a minimum of 9 weeks. This approach was particularly beneficial for children and adolescents, as it enhanced their countermovement jump (CMJ) ability and helped in the prevention of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Qin
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | | | - Junsheng Wang
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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2
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Wang Z, Cai Y, Wu J, Xie S, Jiao W. Relationship between Lower Extremity Fitness Levels and Injury Risk among Recreational Alpine Skiers: A Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610430. [PMID: 36012065 PMCID: PMC9408581 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Although the importance of physical fitness for injury prevention is recognized in sports medicine and rehabilitation, few studies have investigated this factor among recreational alpine skiers. Objective: To determine the effect of lower extremity fitness on the risk and severity of injury among recreational alpine skiers. Method: This prospective cohort study involved 117 recreational skiers at two alpine resorts during the 2021−2022 winter season. Anthropometric characteristics, skiing skills, and lower extremity agility (hexagon test), balance (Y-Balance Test), and endurance (60-s squat test) were assessed before the winter season. All of the participants were divided into an injured group and an uninjured group, based on whether an injury was recorded throughout the season. Results: In binary logistic regression, the hexagon test duration and composite Y-Balance Test score were significant injury risk factors (p < 0.05). Ordinal polytomous logistic regression revealed no significant factors for injury severity (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Recreational alpine skiers with inferior lower extremity agility or balance may have a higher injury risk and this must be considered when assessing individual risk. In the context of injury prevention, regular neuromuscular training and testing, including agility and balance aspects should be recommended to skiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yihui Cai
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junqi Wu
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siyuan Xie
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (S.X.); (W.J.)
| | - Wei Jiao
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (S.X.); (W.J.)
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3
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Zemková E, Zapletalová L. The Role of Neuromuscular Control of Postural and Core Stability in Functional Movement and Athlete Performance. Front Physiol 2022; 13:796097. [PMID: 35283763 PMCID: PMC8909639 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.796097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance and core stabilization exercises have often been associated with improved athlete performance and/or decreased incidence of injuries. While these exercises seem to be efficient in the prevention of injuries, there is insufficient evidence regarding their role in sport-specific performance and related functional movements. The aim of this scoping review is (1) to map the literature that investigates whether currently available variables of postural and core stability are functionally related to athlete performance in sports with high demands on body balance and spinal posture and (2) to identify gaps in the literature and suggest further research on this topic. The literature search conducted on MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases was completed by Google Scholar, SpringerLink, and Elsevier. Altogether 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings revealed that postural stability plays an important role in performance in archery, biathlon, gymnastics, shooting, and team sports (e.g., basketball, hockey, soccer, tennis). Also core stability and strength represent an integral part of athlete performance in sports based on lifting tasks and trunk rotations. Variables of these abilities are associated with performance-related skills in cricket, cycling, running, and team sports (e.g., baseball, football, hockey, netball, soccer, tennis). Better neuromuscular control of postural and core stability contribute to more efficient functional movements specific to particular sports. Training programs incorporating general and sport-specific exercises that involve the use of postural and core muscles showed an improvement of body balance, back muscle strength, and endurance. However, there is controversy about whether the improvement in these abilities is translated into athletic performance. There is still a lack of research investigating the relationship of body balance and stability of the core with sport-specific performance. In particular, corresponding variables should be better specified in relation to functional movements in sports with high demands on postural and core stability. Identifying the relationship of passive, active, and neural mechanisms underlying balance control and spinal posture with athlete performance would provide a basis for a multifaced approach in designing training and testing tools addressing postural and core stability in athletes under sport-specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Zemková
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Sports Technology Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Erika Zemková, , orcid.org/0000-0003-0938-5691
| | - Ludmila Zapletalová
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
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Rolli F, Vitale JA, Pugliese L, Boccia G, LA Torre A, Pollitt L. The impact of foot angle on lower limb muscles activity during the back squat and counter movement jump. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:890-897. [PMID: 34498821 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squatting is a core exercise for many purposes. However, there is still controversy surrounding the practice of targeting specific muscle groups when performing the back squat with different stance widths or foot positions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess lower limb muscle activation during different form of back squat when adopting three different foot angles. METHODS Eight male active participants (age 24.0±0.8 years, height 1.80±0.63m and mass 85.8±8.7kg) performed maximal isometric squat, back squat with an overalod of 80% of 1 repetition maximum, and countermovement jump (CMJ) when adopting three foot rotation angles: parallel (0°); +10° outward (external rotation); +20° outward (external rotation). We calculated the root mean square of the electromyographic signals recorded from eight participant's dominant leg muscles. RESULTS During the descending phase of the back squat, the 20° external foot rotation elicited greater activation of the biceps femoris (+35%; p = 0.027) and gastrocnemius medialis (+70%; p = 0.040) compared to parallel foot. There were no significant differences among the other muscles and exercise conditions. CONCLUSIONS The +20° foot position increased BF and GasM muscle activity only during the downward phase of the back squat. Strength coaches should consider the present findings when selecting specific resistance exercises aiming to improve athletes' strength and physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rolli
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jacopo A Vitale
- Laboratory of Movement and Sport Science, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, LaMSS, Milano, Italy -
| | - Lorenzo Pugliese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gennaro Boccia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio LA Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Laboratory of Movement and Sport Science, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, LaMSS, Milano, Italy
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Bulow A, Anderson JE, Leiter JRS, MacDonald PB, Peeler JD. Safety and Effectiveness of a Perturbation-based Neuromuscular Training Program on Dynamic Balance in Adolescent Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:1001-1015. [PMID: 34386279 PMCID: PMC8329312 DOI: 10.26603/001c.25685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent females are at much greater risk for ACL injury than their male counterparts when participating in the same sports. Preventative and pre-operative rehabilitation neuromuscular (NM) exercise programs are often recommended to improve knee function and reduce injury rates. The effectiveness of perturbation-based NM training program has been established in an adult population but has yet to be investigated in the at-risk adolescent female population. PURPOSE To determine the effectiveness of a perturbation-based NM exercise program in a group of physically active adolescent females. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized trial. METHODS Twenty-four healthy and an exploratory group of 10 ACL-injured females (ages 12-18) were equally randomized into a perturbation-based NM training or control group and evaluated before and after a five-week intervention period. The primary outcome of dynamic balance was measured using the Y-Balance test (YBT); secondary outcome measures included lower limb strength, proprioception, and flexibility. RESULTS The perturbation-based NM training intervention was safely completed by all participants but had no significant effect on YBT scoring, lower limb strength, proprioception or flexibility in either the healthy or ACL-injured groups. CONCLUSIONS Perturbation-based NM training is safe, but may offer little preventative benefit for healthy or pre-operative rehabilitation benefit for ACL-injured adolescent females. Future research should examine whether the effectiveness of perturbation-based NM training is influenced by the length of the training intervention, training intensity, or when it is combined with other forms of prophylactic or pre-surgical rehabilitation frequently used with at-risk adolescent females who regularly participate in sport. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Peeler
- Human Anatomy & Cell Science, University of Manitoba; Pan Am Clinic
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Huang DD, Chen LH, Yu Z, Chen QJ, Lai JN, Li HH, Liu G. Effect of suspension training on neuromuscular function, postural control, and knee kinematics in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:2247-2258. [PMID: 33869600 PMCID: PMC8026838 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i10.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suspension training (SET) is a method of neuromuscular training that enables the body to carry out active training under unstable support through a suspension therapy system. However, there have been few reports in the literature on the application of SET to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients. It is not clear what aspects of the patient's function are improved after SET.
AIM To investigate the effect of SET on the neuromuscular function, postural control, and knee kinematics of patients after ACLR surgery.
METHODS Forty participants were randomized to an SET group or a control group. The SET group subjects participated in a SET protocol over 6 wk. The control group subjects participated in a traditional training protocol over 6 wk. Isokinetic muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings, static and dynamic posture stability test, and relative translation of the injured knee were assessed before and after training.
RESULTS The relative peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings in both groups increased significantly (P < 0.001), and the SET group increased by a higher percentage than those in the control group (quadriceps: P = 0.004; hamstrings: P = 0.011). After training, both groups showed significant improvements in static and dynamic posture stability (P < 0.01), and the SET group had a greater change than the control group (P < 0.05). No significant improvement on the relative translation of the injured knee was observed after training in either group (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION Our findings show that SET promotes great responses in quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and balance function in ACLR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang-Hua Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Quan-Jun Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie-Nuan Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Hong Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhang M, Ma H, Liu Z, Smith DM, Wang X. The Effects of a 10-Week Neuromuscular Training on Postural Control in Elite Youth Competitive Ballroom Dancers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2021; 12:636209. [PMID: 33841172 PMCID: PMC8027106 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.636209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a 10-week neuromuscular training (NMT) program on the postural control of elite youth competitive ballroom dancers. Forty-two dancers (21 couples) were randomly assigned to either the NMT group (n = 22) or the control group (CG; n = 20). Participants in NMT underwent a three-sessions-per-week NMT program for 10 weeks. Testing at baseline and after the 10 weeks intervention included the Y-balance test (YBT) and Modified-Balance Error Scoring System (M-BESS). Results of YBT indicated that NMT participants demonstrated increased reach in the posterolateral and posteromedial directions for the right and left lower limb, whereas no significant change was found in the anterior direction for both limbs. Results of Modified-Balance Error Scoring System (M-BESS) showed that NMT participants displayed significantly decreased errors of the double-leg floor (p = 0.026), single-leg foam (p = 0.010), double-leg foam (p = 0.003), tandem floor (p = 0.031), and tandem foam (p = 0.038), while no significant change was found in single-leg floor performance (p = 0.476). CG participants did not exhibit any significant change during the 10-week period. In summary, the study affirmed that the 10-week NMT program enhanced the postural control performance of youth ballroom dancers and showed effects on ballroom dance-specific performance and lower-limb injury prevention. The results suggest that NMT may be a valuable addition to ballroom dance training regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Zhang
- Arts School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Hongtao Ma
- Arts School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Daniel M Smith
- Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Arts School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Variations of Trail Runner's Fitness Measures across a Season and Relationships with Workload. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9030318. [PMID: 33809264 PMCID: PMC8000237 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trail running involves off-road running over different surfaces of positive and negative unevenness. Given these particularities and the associated physical demands, it is essential to understand this relationship and how fitness levels influence performance. This study aimed to analyze fitness level variations during different times of the season and establish a relationship between changes in fitness levels and accumulated load. Twenty-five trail running athletes (age: 36.23 ± 8.30 years) were monitored over 52 weeks. Three periods of assessment were implemented, while load between those periods was calculated. Athletes were monitored daily by global positioning systems. The collected data included distance covered, duration, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE), which were used to obtain session-RPE. Additionally, maximal aerobic speed, vertical jump, and dynamic balance were tested periodically. Moderate inverse correlations were found between assessment 1 and 2 for total sRPE and vertical jump: countermovement jump (VJ: CMJ) (r = −0.349), and Y balance test: left posterolateral (YBT: LPL) (r = −0.494). Similar correlations were found between assessment 2 and 3 for total sRPE and VJ: CMJ (r = −0.397), and vertical jump: drop jump (VJ: DJ) (r = −0.395). The results suggest that trail running coaches should monitor and assess dose–response relationships and possible anterior asymmetries of dynamic balance performance.
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Albaladejo-Saura M, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Marcos-Pardo PJ, Esparza-Ros F. Effect of an injury prevention program on the lower limb stability in young volleyball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:943-952. [PMID: 33146495 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volleyball players have a high risk of injury in the lower limbs as a consequence of the specific characteristics of the sport, such as repetitive jumps and falls. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary injury prevention program on lower limb stability in young volleyball players. METHODS The experimental design was a non-randomized controlled trial. All the measurements were performed in a standardized room in a sports center. Twenty-six young male volleyball players (mean age: 15.39±1.16 years), divided into experimental (N.=15) and control groups (N.=11) participated in this study. The experimental group performed an 8-week prevention program including lower limb strength and plyometric training, and joint and core stability. The Y-Balance and force platform landing tests were carried out as the pre- and post-tests. RESULTS The main outcome measures were the injuries history, distance and difference reached in anterior, post-lateral and post-medial axis of the Y-Balance test, and the force produced on the z, x, and y axis after landing. Differences were found between groups and measurements in all the variables of the Y-Balance test, except in the frontal axis for the dominant leg and for the differences between legs (P=0.039-0.001); and in the ground reaction forces (z axis) (P=0.040), the x axis (P=0.014) and the dynamic postural stability index (P=0.025) of the lateral jump with the non-dominant leg. CONCLUSIONS An 8-week prevention program seems to improve the lower limb stability in young volleyball players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- San Antonio Catholic University, Murcia, Spain - .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, San Antonio Catholic University, Murcia, Spain
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Navarro-Santana MJ, Asín-Izquierdo I, Gómez-Chiguano GF, Albert-Lucena D, Plaza-Manzano G, Pérez-Silvestre Á. Effects of two exercise programmes on joint position sense, dynamic balance and countermovement jump in male amateur football players. A randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2620-2630. [PMID: 32686996 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1794472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The injury prevention and warm-up exercises programmes improve physical performance and injury ratio, but it is poorly investigated in amateur football. Objectives: To assess the effects of two warm-up multi-station programmes (IAI-Programme and FIFA11+) through JPS, LSDT and CMJ. Study design: Randomised controlled trial. Methods: 36 football players were randomised into 2 groups: IAI-Programme (n = 18) and FIFA11+ (n = 18) and performed the intervention protocol for 6 weeks. JPS, LSDT and CMJ were measured at baseline, after 6, 10 and 18 weeks (from baseline). The inter-group and intra-group differences were assessed by repeated-measures analysis of variance test (ANOVA). Results: Significant differences between groups were found after 18 weeks in the absolute angular error (-2.18[-4.33,-0.047], d = 0.69, p < 0.05) of the JPS and in the CMJ (p = 0.001, ŋ2p=,0.298) in favour of IAI-Programme when compared to FIFA11 +. No significant differences between groups were found in the LSDT. There were also intra-group differences observed in the LSDT in both groups. Conclusions: IAI-Programme can provide sensitive benefits with respect to the proprioceptive ability of knee flexion and CMJ than FIFA11 +. Both IAI-Programme and FIFA11+ present improvements in the dynamic postural control measured by the LSDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos J Navarro-Santana
- Health and Rehabilitation Center San Fernando (Centro Médico Rehabilitación San Fernando) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Asín-Izquierdo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá , Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gustavo Plaza-Manzano
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos , Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Pérez-Silvestre
- Centre for Sports Medicine, Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sports (AEPSAD in its Spanish acronym) , Madrid, Spain
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Effect of Plyometric versus Ankle Stability Exercises on Lower Limb Biomechanics in Taekwondo Demonstration Athletes with Functional Ankle Instability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103665. [PMID: 32456048 PMCID: PMC7277727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of plyometric and ankle stability exercises on the dynamic balance and lower limb kinematic and kinetic parameters of Taekwondo demonstration athletes with functional ankle instability. Methods: Fourteen subjects participated in this study and were randomly divided into two groups: a plyometric exercise group (n = 7) and an ankle stability exercise group (n = 7). Exercises were performed twice a week for 8 weeks. A Y-balance test was used to measure dynamic balance, and a motion analysis system and force plate were used to collect kinematic and kinetic parameters during single-leg drop landing. A paired t-test was used for intragroup comparisons, and an independent t-test was used for intergroup comparisons. Results: In both groups, exercise increased dynamic balance and shock absorption and reduced postural sway on the anteroposterior displacement (p < 0.05). The plyometric exercise group decreased their ankle dorsiflexion and increased their knee and hip joint flexion at maximum knee flexion (p < 0.05). In contrast, the stability exercise increased their ankle plantar flexion at initial contact (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The plyometric exercise group altered their landing strategies using their knee and hip joints to control ankle instability at landing. This study suggests that the application of plyometric exercises in ankle rehabilitation would improve stability and shock absorption and help prevent injuries during Taekwondo demonstrations.
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12
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Ling DI, Cepeda NA, Marom N, Jivanelli B, Marx RG. Injury prevention programmes with plyometric and strengthening exercises improve on-field performance: a systematic review. J ISAKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2019-000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
ImportanceInjury prevention programmes (IPPs) have been demonstrated to be highly efficacious in protecting young athletes from anterior cruciate ligament and other lower-extremity injuries. However, the effectiveness of these programme in practice has been limited due to poor adherence among coaches of organised sports teams.ObjectiveA change in messaging from injury reduction to performance enhancement may be an effective strategy for improving adherence. We conducted a systematic review to address whether implementing IPP can also provide benefits on sports performance as measured by on-field tests.Evidence reviewData Sources: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 2000 to August 2018.Study Selection: English-language studies were selected if they evaluated on-field performance testing before and after participation in the IPP or compared with another programme/control. No limitations were placed on study design or study population. Studies were excluded if they evaluated programme without an explicit focus on injury prevention or reported on injury risk factors that were not related to athletic performance.Study designSystematic reviewData extractionStudy design, population, sport and level, comparison group and duration/frequency of the IPP were extracted from full-text articles. The results of performance testing were summarised into the following categories: balance, sprinting, agility, jumping, physical fitness and sport-specific skills.FindingsThe evidence shows that IPP can have beneficial effects on measures of sports performance and physical fitness. Factors that resulted in significant improvement included longer frequency and duration of the programme, as well as inclusion of plyometric and muscle strengthening exercises.ConclusionsThere is a wide variety of measures used for athletic performance. IPPs that are done more frequently for longer durations and that include strengthening and plyometric exercises have been shown to improve athletic performance. Enhanced performance with tests that can be conducted on the field with existing equipment may help convince coaches and athletes to improve adherence with the IPP exercises.Level of evidenceLevel II
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Vitale JA, Castellini G, Gianola S, Stucovitz E, Banfi G. Analysis of the Christiania stop in professional roller hockey players with and without previous groin pain: a prospective case series study. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Vitale JA, Vitale ND, Cavaleri L, Dazzan E, Lombardi G, Mascagni P, La Torre A, Banfi G. Level- and sport-specific Star Excursion Balance Test performance in female volleyball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:733-742. [PMID: 30317834 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigations of Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) performance differences between competition levels and sports are limited and results are inconsistent. The aim of the present study are: 1) to compare SEBT performance between elite and semi-professional female volleyball players; 2) to evaluate differences in SEBT scores between positions (Hitters, Middle Blockers, Setters, and Liberoes); and 3) to compare dynamic balance characteristics between professional female Italian volleyball players with NCAA Division I female athletes practicing six different sports (hockey, football, basketball, golf, softball, and volleyball). For the latter comparison, previously published data obtained from a study were used. METHODS Fifty-one female volleyball players were grouped in two groups, elite athletes (EG; N.=27) and semi-professional players (SG; N.=24), and further categorized into hitters, middle blockers, setters, and liberos. Anterior (A), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL) distances, and composite score (COMP) of SEBT short form were studied. COMP was calculated as the average of the normalized distances across the three directions. RESULTS Significant differences were observed for the A (right, P=0.014 and left, P=0.011), PL (right, P=0.017 and left, P=0.008), PM (P<0.001) directions, and COMP scores (right, P=0.008 and left, P=0.009), with higher normalized distances noted for the EG and no differences between different positions. COMP scores were lower for the EG than the NCAA Division I female hockey (P<0.001) and football players (P=0.031) but similar to those of basketball, golf, softball, and volleyball players. CONCLUSIONS The EG scored higher on dynamic postural-control tasks than the SG. SEBT performance varied significantly between sports. Clinicians and strength coaches need to be aware of sport specific differences in dynamic postural control measurements in both rehabilitation and athletic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Cavaleri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Dazzan
- Centro di Medicina di Conegliano, Conegliano, Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Mascagni
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Health, Desio Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonio La Torre
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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