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Jacobs J, Olivier B, Brandt C, Jafta G. Physical Profiles of All-Rounders, Batters, and Bowlers in Sub-Elite Women's Cricket. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:1095-1102. [PMID: 38781468 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Jacobs, J, Olivier, B, Brandt, C, and Jafta, G. Physical profiles of all-rounders, batters, and bowlers in sub-elite women's cricket. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1095-1102, 2024-The unique physical profile of each player's role in sub-elite women's cricket is vital for optimizing performance as these players progress to the elite levels. This quantitative, cross-sectional study investigates the physical profiles of sub-elite women's cricket players as a group and compares these profiles across different player roles. Sub-elite female cricket players in the South African domestic women's cricket league were included in this study. A battery of physical assessments were conducted at the start of the 2022/23 season. The physical assessments included body composition, individual muscle strength testing using dynamometry, 2-km time trial (TT), countermovement jump (CMJ), single-leg jump (SLJ), isometric mid-thigh pull, push-up, and hop test on force plates. A total of 44 female players (20.86 ± 1.6 years) were included in the study. Differences were found in muscle mass (p = 0.004) and peak power (p = 0.040) for all-rounders and bowlers. Player roles presented with different dominant (p = 0.006) and non-dominant (p = 0.066) knee flexion strength. The bowlers' body composition and physical strength profile are compromised compared with batters and all-rounders. There were several physical strength and power differences between pace and spin bowlers in CMJ and SLJ tests for jump height (p = 0.009) and peak power (p = 0.006). Batters performed the best in the 2-km TT. Body composition and musculoskeletal profiles for each player role can be baseline markers in sub-elite women's cricket. Stakeholders can use this information to guide physical preparation for players advancing to elite levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolandi Jacobs
- Wits Cricket Research Hub for Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Physiotherapy Department, School of Health, Medical and Applied Science, College of Health Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Benita Olivier
- Wits Cricket Research Hub for Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Center for Healthy Living Research, Oxford Institute of Allied Health Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Corlia Brandt
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; and
| | - Gandhi Jafta
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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2
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Ramachandran AK, Singh U, Connor JD, Doma K. Biomechanical and physical determinants of bowling speed in cricket: a novel approach to systematic review and meta-analysis of correlational data. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:347-369. [PMID: 33428558 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1858152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the influence of biomechanical and physical characteristics on ball release speed in cricket using correlation data. Search was conducted across PubMed, Cinhal, Scopus, SportDiscus and Web of Science, with eighteen studies included. The ball release speed had a moderate correlation with overall biomechanical (r = 0.42, p < 0.001) parameters and a strong correlation with physical (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) characteristics. Furthermore, individual biomechanical and physical parameters were also correlated with ball release speed. The run-up speed had a strong correlation (r = 0.50, p < 0.001) and front knee angle at ball release had a moderate correlation (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). Poorer correlations were identified for centre of mass velocity at ball release (r = 0.16, p = 0.134), front knee angle at front foot contact (r = 0.26, p = 0.015) 25 and vertical ground reaction force (r = 0.13, p = 0.659). Strong and significant correlation was found for total arm length (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) and shoulder strength (r = 0.58, p < 0.001). This review highlights the biomechanical and physical parameters that are major determinants of faster ball release speed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Douglas Connor
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Kenji Doma
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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3
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Lindsay C, Crowther R, Clark B, Middleton K, Keegan R, Spratford W. Bowler and coach experiential knowledge of new ball swing bowling in elite cricket. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:146-159. [PMID: 38433654 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2323319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Swing bowling can influence the outcome of cricket matches, but technique characteristics and coaching practices have not been investigated at an elite level. This study aimed to provide insight into the perceived technique parameters, coaching practices and variables contributing to conventional new ball swing bowling in elite cricket. Six Australian Test match fast bowlers and six Australian international and national-level coaches were interviewed. A reflexive thematic analysis of interview transcripts generated themes associated with swing bowling. Most bowlers reported their technique allows them to naturally create either inswing or outswing, with technique variations used to create swing in the opposite direction. To increase delivery effectiveness, bowlers and coaches recommended pitching the ball closer to the batter in length and varying release positions along the crease. Coaches recommended making individualised technique adjustments, but suggested all bowlers could benefit from maintaining balance and forward momentum to create a consistent release position in repeated deliveries. This study could inform training strategies to alter techniques and improve swing bowling performance. Future research should investigate the physical qualities of fast bowlers and use biomechanical analyses to provide a deeper understanding of swing bowling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Lindsay
- Exercise Science, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rian Crowther
- Cricket Australia, National Cricket Centre, Brisbane Australia
- Sport, Student Services and Wellbeing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brad Clark
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kane Middleton
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Keegan
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Wayne Spratford
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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4
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Felton PJ, McCaig S, King MA. Cricket fast bowling: The relationship between range of motion and key performance and injury technique characteristics. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:112-120. [PMID: 37125503 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2200520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fast bowling technique characteristics associated with performance and injury have been established; however, the effect of joint range of motion (ROM) on technique remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate ROM and its effect on fast bowling technique. Eighteen ROM measures and thirteen technique parameters were determined for 45 elite male fast bowlers. Twenty-three significant correlations were found between the shoulder, hip, and ankle ROM measures and technique parameters (r = 0.300-0.452; p < 0.05). Shoulder ROM was observed to have the highest number of correlations with fast bowling technique. Increased internal rotation, less external rotation, and greater total arc of rotation were associated with technique characteristics previously linked with increased ball release speed and decreased lumbar stress injury risk. Although hip and ankle ROM were also correlated with technique, their association is yet to be understood. Future research should aim to determine the impact of ROM on fast bowling movement patterns. This knowledge is likely to be useful in enhancing the coaching and rehabilitation of fast bowlers from lumbar stress injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Felton
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - S McCaig
- Athlete Health Directorate, UK Sports Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - M A King
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Harrison DC, Doma K, Leicht AS, McGuckin TA, Woods CT, Connor JD. Repeated Bout Effect of Two Resistance Training Bouts on Bowling-Specific Performance in Male Cricketers. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10090126. [PMID: 36136381 PMCID: PMC9500931 DOI: 10.3390/sports10090126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the repeated bout effect (RBE) following two identical resistance bouts and its effect on bowling-specific performance in male cricketers. Male cricket pace bowlers (N = 10), who had not undertaken resistance exercises in the past six months, were invited to complete a familiarisation and resistance maximum testing, before participating in the study protocol. The study protocol involved the collection of muscle damage markers, a battery of anaerobic (jump and sprint), and a bowling-specific performance test at baseline, followed by a resistance training bout, and a retest of physical and bowling-specific performance at 24 h (T24) and 48 h (T48) post-training. The study protocol was repeated 7–10 days thereafter. Indirect markers of muscle damage were lower (creatine kinase: 318.7 ± 164.3 U·L−1; muscle soreness: 3 ± 1), whilst drop jump was improved (~47.5 ± 8.1 cm) following the second resistance training bout when compared to the first resistance training bout (creatine kinase: 550.9 ± 242.3 U·L−1; muscle soreness: 4 ± 2; drop jump: ~43.0 ± 9.7 cm). However, sport-specific performance via bowling speed declined (Bout 1: −2.55 ± 3.43%; Bout 2: 2.67 ± 2.41%) whilst run-up time increased (2.34 ± 3.61%; Bout 2: 3.84 ± 4.06%) after each bout of resistance training. Findings suggest that while an initial resistance training bout reduced muscle damage indicators and improved drop jump performance following a second resistance training bout, this RBE trend was not observed for bowling-specific performance. It was suggested that pace bowlers with limited exposure to resistance training should minimise bowling-specific practice for 1–2 days following the initial bouts of their resistance training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew C. Harrison
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Kenji Doma
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anthony S. Leicht
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Teneale A. McGuckin
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Carl T. Woods
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Jonathan D. Connor
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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Mehta S, Phatak A, Memmert D, Kerruish S, Jamil M. Seam or swing? Identifying the most effective type of bowling variation for fast bowlers in men's international 50-over cricket. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1587-1591. [PMID: 35759534 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2094140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 13,176 balls bowled by international level fast bowlers were analysed in order to investigate the relationship between the types of delivery and their effectiveness. The results of Chi-Squared analyses revealed significant associations between the type of delivery and runs conceded (p < 0.001) as well as wickets taken (p < 0.001). Seam movement was revealed to be more effective than swing bowling at both producing dot balls and taking wickets. Specifically, balls that 'seam-away" were revealed to be the most effective for bowling dots and "seam-in" for taking wickets. The "away-swinger" resulted in significantly greater than expected dot balls as did the "in-swinger" but only the in-swinger resulted in significantly greater than expected wickets. Both the "off-cutter" and "slower-balls" were revealed to result in significantly fewer than expected dot balls but significantly greater than expected wickets, implying bowlers must assess for themselves the risk versus reward of these two types of variation. Balls with no-movement were revealed to have no significant relationship with runs conceded, but did result in significantly fewer than expected wickets. Evidence suggests that lateral movement is crucial to bowling success with seam movement revealed to be more effective than swing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Mehta
- Institute of Training and Computer Science in Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ashwin Phatak
- Institute of Training and Computer Science in Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Memmert
- Institute of Training and Computer Science in Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Samuel Kerruish
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK
| | - Mikael Jamil
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK
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The Physical Differences Between Faster and Slower Elite Male and Female Pace Bowlers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:879-885. [PMID: 35259727 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the differences between selected physical attributes and ball release speed in slower and faster male and female elite pace bowlers. METHODS Twelve physical attributes and ball release speed were retrospectively analyzed from 63 male and 31 female elite pace bowlers over the course of 5 seasons. Pace bowlers were categorized as either fast (>122.9 km/h, males and >97.8 km/h, females) or slow (<122.9 km/h, males and <97.8 km/h, females) for each sex. Differences in physical attributes between slower and faster bowling groups were compared using Cohen d effect sizes. RESULTS Faster pace bowlers displayed differences in isometric midthigh-pull peak force (d = 0.25, males and d = 0.68, females) and relative peak force (d = 0.62, males and d = 0.77, females). Faster male pace bowlers displayed differences in relative (d = 0.61) and absolute (d = 0.39) countermovement jump heights. Faster female pace bowlers displayed differences in 1-repetition-maximum bench-pull strength (d = 0.45) and run-of-3 performance (relative average, d = 1.22; relative best, d = 1.12; average, d = 0.49; and best, d = 0.40). CONCLUSIONS Anaerobic dominant physical attributes appear to be important in both male and female pace bowlers. The contribution of these physical attributes to ball release speed appears to differ slightly between males and females. Lower-body strength (males and females), lower-body power (males), relative anaerobic capacities (females), and upper-body strength (females) appear to distinguish between slower and faster elite pace bowlers.
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8
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Effect of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage on Bowling-Specific Motor Skills in Male Adolescent Cricketers. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9070103. [PMID: 34357937 PMCID: PMC8309793 DOI: 10.3390/sports9070103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examined the acute effects of a bout of resistance training on cricket bowling-specific motor performance. Eight sub-elite, resistance-untrained, adolescent male fast bowlers (age 15 ± 1.7 years; height 1.8 ± 0.1 m; weight 67.9 ± 7.9 kg) completed a bout of upper and lower body resistance exercises. Indirect markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase [CK] and delayed onset of muscle soreness [DOMS]), anaerobic performance (15-m sprint and vertical jump), and cricket-specific motor performance (ball speed, run-up time, and accuracy) were measured prior to and 24 (T24) and 48 (T48) hours following the resistance training bout. The resistance training bout significantly increased CK (~350%; effect size [ES] = 1.89-2.24), DOMS (~240%; ES = 1.46-3.77) and 15-m sprint times (~4.0%; ES = 1.33-1.47), whilst significantly reducing vertical jump height (~7.0%; ES = 0.76-0.96) for up to 48 h. The ball speed (~3.0%; ES = 0.50-0.61) and bowling accuracy (~79%; ES = 0.39-0.70) were significantly reduced, whilst run-up time was significantly increased (~3.5%; ES = 0.36-0.50) for up to 24 h. These findings demonstrate that a bout of resistance training evokes exercise-induced muscle damage amongst sub-elite, adolescent male cricketers, which impairs anaerobic performance and bowling-specific motor performance measures. Cricket coaches should be cautious of incorporating bowling sessions within 24-h following a bout of resistance training for sub-elite adolescent fast bowlers, particularly for those commencing a resistance training program.
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Kiely N, Pickering Rodriguez L, Watsford M, Reddin T, Hardy S, Duffield R. The influence of technique and physical capacity on ball release speed in cricket fast-bowling. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2361-2369. [PMID: 34096462 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1933349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationships between physical capacity, bowling technique and ball speed in 20 fast-bowlers. Technique factors correlated with ball speed were; bowling action duration (r = -0.639, p = 0.002), run-up velocity (r = 0.616, p = 0.004), back foot contact (BFC) time (r = -0.608, p = 0.004), front foot contact (FFC)-ball release (BR) duration (r = -0.602, p = 0.005), delivery stride phase acceleration (r = -0.582, p = 0.007), delivery stride duration (r = -0.547, p = 0.012), time of peak horizontal braking force (r = -0.538, p=0.014), peak pelvis COM velocity (BFC-BR) (r = 0.469, p = 0.037) and peak vertical GRF time (r = -0.461, p = 0.041). Physical capacities were; 10-30 m split (r = -0.554, p = 0.011), 30 m sprint (r = -0.482, p = 0.031) and IMTP (r = 0.471, p = 0.036). Stepwise regression showed bowling action duration and 10-30 m split explained 54% (p = 0.001) of ball speed variation. Ball speed was associated with faster run-ups, shorter BFC times and abrupt FFC GRF application. Coaches should also consider sprint speed and lower-body strength as important modifiable factors for fast-bowlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Kiely
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sport Science and Sports Medicine Department, Cricket New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Mark Watsford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Reddin
- Sport Science and Sports Medicine Department, Cricket New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean Hardy
- Sport Science and Sports Medicine Department, Cricket New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rob Duffield
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Bishop C, Weldon A, Hughes J, Brazier J, Loturco I, Turner A, Read P. Seasonal Variation of Physical Performance and Inter-limb Asymmetry in Professional Cricket Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:941-948. [PMID: 33752220 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bishop, C, Weldon, A, Hughes, J, Brazier, J, Loturco, I, Turner, A, and Read, P. Seasonal variation of physical performance and interlimb asymmetry in professional cricket athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 941-948, 2021-The aims of this study were to: (a) determine the seasonal variation of physical performance in professional cricket players and (b) determine the seasonal variation of interlimb asymmetries in the same cohort of professional players. Fifteen male professional cricket players (age: 20.60 ± 1.59 years; height: 1.82 ± 0.08 m; and body mass: 78.70 ± 11.23 kg) performed unilateral countermovement jumps (CMJs), unilateral drop jumps, 10 m sprints and 505 change of direction (COD) speed tests at pre (March), mid (June), and end (September) of the 2018 season. Interlimb asymmetry was quantified in the unilateral CMJ (jump height and concentric impulse), unilateral drop jump (jump height and reactive strength index [RSI]), and 505 (total time and COD deficit). Significant changes (p < 0.05) were evident for the following tests: unilateral CMJ (effect size [ES] range = 0.67-1.00), 505 on the right leg (ES = 0.70), 10 m (ES range = -1.39 to 0.70), and COD deficit (ES range = 0.70-0.80), with the largest changes evident for 10-m sprint. No significant differences were evident in drop jump performance throughout the season. For the magnitude of asymmetry, significant changes in jump height asymmetry from the unilateral CMJ were evident from mid to end of season (ES = 0.72). For the direction of asymmetry, levels of agreement ranged from poor to substantial in the unilateral CMJ (kappa = -0.21 to 0.72), fair to substantial in the unilateral drop jump (kappa range = 0.33 to 0.74), and slight to moderate during the 505 test (kappa range = 0.06 to 0.44), with RSI showing noticeably better results than other tests or metrics. These data show that the largest changes in performance scores throughout the season came from the 10-m test, which practitioners may wish to consider implementing if not doing so already. Furthermore, both unilateral jump tests showed their use for asymmetry interpretation, which practitioners may wish to consider implementing in to their test batteries. Specifically, jump height asymmetry during the unilateral CMJ was the only metric to exhibit meaningful changes between time points, whereas RSI was the metric that exhibited more consistent limb dominance characteristics for the direction of asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, Greenlands Lane, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jon Hughes
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Brazier
- Department of Sports Therapy, University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Irineu Loturco
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Nucleus of High Performance Sport, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Anthony Turner
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, Greenlands Lane, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Read
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Center, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Callaghan SJ, Govus AD, Lockie RG, Middleton KJ, Nimphius S. Not as simple as it seems: Front foot contact kinetics, muscle function and ball release speed in cricket pace bowlers. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1807-1815. [PMID: 33687302 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1898192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between front foot contact (FFC) ground reaction forces (GRF) during the delivery stride, lower-limb strength, eccentric dexterity and power, and ball release speed (BRS) among pace bowlers. Thirteen high-level male pace bowlers performed double and single leg drop landings; isometric mid-thigh pull; countermovement jump; and pace bowling (two-over bowling spell measuring BRS and FFC GRF). The relationship between assessed variables and BRS was determined via frequentist and Bayesian multiple linear regression. The model including peak braking force was the most probable given the data (Bayes Factor=1.713) but provided only weak evidence in comparison to the null model. The results of frequentist and Bayesian modelling were comparable with peak braking force explaining 23.3% of the variance in BRS (F(1, 11)=4.64, P=0.054). Results indicate pace bowlers with greater peak braking GRF during FFC generally elicit higher BRS. However, the weak relationship between peak braking force and BRS, and the lack of a linear relationship between BRS and other variables, highlights the complexities and inter-individual variability inherent to pace bowling at a high-level. A more individual-focused analysis revealed varied strategies within pace bowlers to deliver the outcome (e.g., BRS) and should be considered in future study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel John Callaghan
- Faculty of Sport, Applied Health and Performance Sciences (SAHPS), St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Andrew David Govus
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert George Lockie
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Kane Jytte Middleton
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sophia Nimphius
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Feros SA, Young WB, O'Brien BJ. Efficacy of Combined General, Special, and Specific Resistance Training on Pace Bowling Skill in Club-Standard Cricketers. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2596-2607. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Forrest MRL, Hebert JJ, Scott BR, Dempsey AR. Modifying bowling kinematics in cricket pace bowlers with exercise-based injury prevention: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:1172-1177. [PMID: 32653248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Undesirable bowling kinematics can increase the risk of low back injury. This study investigated if an exercise-based injury prevention program (IPP) could modify bowling kinematics in community-level adolescent pace bowlers. DESIGN Cluster-randomised controlled trial. METHODS Pace bowlers from eight cricket organisations were cluster-randomised into an intervention or control group. At baseline and follow-up sessions biomechanical bowling data were collected. Between sessions, the intervention group completed an eight-week IPP while the control continued their normal cricket activity. Treatment effects (95% CI) were estimated with linear mixed models. RESULTS There were significant treatment effects favouring the intervention group for shoulder counter-rotation (-3.8°; -7.2° to -0.3°) and lateral trunk flexion relative to the pelvis (-2.2°; -4.0° to -0.5°). Shoulder counter-rotation also increased in the control group by 2.2° (Cohen's d=0.22). There were no effects of the intervention on: lateral trunk flexion at front foot contact (FFC) (1.2°; -2.5° to 4.8°), lateral trunk flexion at ball release (BR) (-0.5°; -3.0° to 2.0°), pelvis rotation at FFC (0.9°; -4.0° to 2.2°), pelvis rotation at BR (-1.1°; -5.7° to 3.6°), front hip angle at FFC (1.6°; -3.6° to 6.7°), front hip angle at BR (-1.6°; -5.0° to 1.9°), front knee angle at FFC (-1.1°; -4.5° to 2.3°), front knee angle at BR (1.7°; -5.6° to 9.1°), or ball velocity (1.1kmh-1; -7.5kmh-1 to 9.7kmh-1). CONCLUSIONS The IPP maintained shoulder counter-rotation and lateral trunk flexion relative to the pelvis in the intervention group and this could attenuate injury risk. No treatment effects were observed for lower-limb kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R L Forrest
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Hebert
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Brendan R Scott
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alasdair R Dempsey
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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