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Carretti G, Manetti M, Marini M. Physical activity and sport practice to improve balance control of visually impaired individuals: a narrative review with future perspectives. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1260942. [PMID: 37780118 PMCID: PMC10534048 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1260942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual disability negatively impacts balance, everyday self-efficacy, and mobility and often leads affected subjects to perceive physical exercise as a burdensome challenge thus discouraging them from practicing. Despite the well-proven benefits of regular physical activity in visually impaired people, especially addressing postural control, there are no specific guidelines and most of the available literature seems to be flawed by critical issues. Given the wide heterogeneity and the multidimensional needs of this population, a more realistic and target-specific perspective is needed in order to properly investigate and promote exercise practice and adherence for balance improvement. On this basis, through a critical overview of the recent literature, the present article aimed to enrich the current knowledge about this topic by providing innovative suggestions, both practical and methodological, and specifically deepening the disability-related deficits and peculiarities of different age ranges. Moreover, since a multidisciplinary approach is advisable when designing and leading exercise protocols tailored to visually impaired individuals, such innovative hints also highlighted the central role of the adapted physical activity specialist, hence contributing to foster its official professional recognition and involvement in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirca Marini
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Lo YH, Chou WY, Yen KT, Wu CF, Yang YJ. Improvement of lower-extremity stability by rotational leg press training. Gait Posture 2022; 98:337-342. [PMID: 36274471 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Previous reports revealed that balance and stability are essential for human physical activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the comparative outcome of a novel beginning movement load training (BMLT) versus conventional leg press training in terms of improvement of lower-extremity stability. RESEARCH QUESTION Does the leg press training improve the stability of lower extremities? METHODS Twenty adult, asymptomatic and active amateur basketball players were enrolled in this study and randomized in equal numbers into a BMLT group (study group) and a conventional leg press training group (control group). RESULTS The results after eight-week course of training showed that conventional leg press training had an opposite effect on dynamic stability in the left leg (p = 0.015) and backward movement of the right leg (p = 0.038). The athletes in the study group revealed superior dynamic stability maintenance in both legs backwards (p = 0.001), the left leg (p = 0.013), the right leg backwards (p = 0.022) and overall stability (p = 0.002). SIGNIFICANCE The study group showed better postural stability in terms of the medial/lateral index (p = 0.017), and the athletes in the control group exhibited a significant inability to maintain postural stability in the medial/lateral aspect after the training (p = 0.016). Rotational BMLT lower-extremity press training yielded superior enhancement of dynamic stability and maintenance of center of gravity and postural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Lo
- Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan; Center of Comprehensive Sports Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dinghu Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan County, 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Chou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan; Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan; Center of Comprehensive Sports Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dinghu Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan County, 333, Taiwan; Department of Sports, Health and Leisure and Graduate Institute of Sports, Health and Leisure, Cheng Shiu University, No.840, Chengqing Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan.
| | - Ke-Tien Yen
- Department of Sports, Health and Leisure and Graduate Institute of Sports, Health and Leisure, Cheng Shiu University, No.840, Chengqing Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Feng Wu
- Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Yang
- Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
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Gonçalves C, Bezerra P, Clemente FM, Vila-Chã C, Leão C, Brandão A, Cancela JM. Effect of Instability and Bodyweight Neuromuscular Training on Dynamic Balance Control in Active Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8879. [PMID: 33260357 PMCID: PMC7729812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to analyse the effects of unstable and stable bodyweight neuromuscular training on dynamic balance control and to analyse the between-group differences after the training period. Seventy-seven physically active young adults (48 males, 29 females, 19.1 ± 1.1 years, 170.2 ± 9.2 cm, 64.1 ± 10.7 kg) were distributed into an unstable training group (UTG), a stable training group (STG), and a control group (CG). Training was conducted three times a week for nine weeks. Pre-intervention and post-intervention measures included dynamic balance control using a Y Balance Test (YBT), anterior (A), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL) reach direction. A mixed ANOVA was executed to test the within-subjects factor and the between-subjects factor. Statistically significant differences were found for all YBT measures within groups (p = 0.01) and between groups (p = 0.01). After the intervention, UTG and STG presented meaningfully improved results in all YBT measures (A: 7%, p = 0.01; 4%, p = 0.02, PM: 8%, p = 0.01; 5%, p = 0.01, PL: 8%, p = 0.01; 4%, p = 0.04, respectively). No statistical changes were found for any of the measures in the CG. After the intervention, significant differences were observed between the UTG and CG for the YBTA and PM (p = 0.03; p = 0.01). The results suggest that neuromuscular training using an unstable surface had similar effects on dynamic balance control as training using a stable surface. When compared to CG, UTG showed better performance in YBTA and PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gonçalves
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira, Pontevedra, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (P.B.); (F.M.C.); (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Pedro Bezerra
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (P.B.); (F.M.C.); (C.L.); (A.B.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences & Human Development, CIDESD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (P.B.); (F.M.C.); (C.L.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina Vila-Chã
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences & Human Development, CIDESD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Cesar Leão
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (P.B.); (F.M.C.); (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - António Brandão
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (P.B.); (F.M.C.); (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Jose M. Cancela
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira, Pontevedra, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
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