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Calaway C, Mishra S, Parrino R, Martinez KJ, Mann JB, Signorile JF. The Impact of Velocity-Based Training on Load-Velocity Relationships in Leg Press and Chest Press for Older Persons. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:1136-1143. [PMID: 38489597 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Calaway, C, Mishra, S, Parrino, R, Martinez, KJ, Mann, JB, and Signorile, JF. Velocity-based training affects the load-velocity relationship in leg press and chest press for older persons. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1136-1143, 2024-This study examined the impact of 3 months of velocity-based training (VBT) on chest press (CP) and leg press (LP) maximal strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM]), peak power (PP), and percentage load where PP was achieved (%1RMPP) in older adults. Twenty-nine subjects were assigned to either a velocity-deficit (VD) group or a force-deficit (FD) group for each exercise depending on their load-velocity (LV) curves. Changes in load were determined by the ability to maintain either 90% (VD) or 70% (FD) of their PP during training. Subjects' powers were tested before and after the training intervention at loads between 40 and 80%1RM. Separate 2 (group) × 2 (time) ANOVA was used to examine changes in each variable by group for each exercise. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to determine whether significant changes in %1RMPP for each exercise and group. For chest press 1 repetition maximum, there were no significant main effects or interaction. Significant main effects for time were observed for leg press 1 repetition maximum ( p < 0 .001, η2 = 0.547) and chest press peak power ( p = 0.009, η2 = 0.243). For LPPP, there were no significant main effects or interactions. For %1RMPP, CP median scores revealed no significant changes for either group. Significant declines in %1RMPP were observed for leg press velocity-deficit and leg press force-deficit ( p < 0.03) groups. Velocity-based training was effective at improving 1RM, PP, and shifting %1RMPP in the LP groups. These results have implications for targeting power improvements at specific areas of the LV curve. Health care providers and trainers should consider these findings when constructing exercise programs to counter age-related declines in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Calaway
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; and
| | - Shaunak Mishra
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; and
| | - Rosalia Parrino
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; and
| | - Kylie J Martinez
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; and
| | - J Bryan Mann
- Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Joseph F Signorile
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; and
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Orssatto LBR, Rodrigues P, Mackay K, Blazevich AJ, Borg DN, Souza TRD, Sakugawa RL, Shield AJ, Trajano GS. Intrinsic motor neuron excitability is increased after resistance training in older adults. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:635-650. [PMID: 36752407 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00462.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of high-intensity resistance training on estimates of the motor neuron persistent inward current (PIC) in older adults. Seventeen participants (68.5 ± 2.8 yr) completed a 2-wk nonexercise control period followed by 6 wk of resistance training. Surface electromyographic signals were collected with two 32-channel electrodes placed over soleus to investigate motor unit discharge rates. Paired motor unit analysis was used to calculate delta frequency (ΔF) as an estimate of PIC amplitudes during 1) triangular-shaped contractions to 20% of maximum torque capacity and 2) trapezoidal- and triangular-shaped contractions to 20% and 40% of maximum torque capacity, respectively, to understand their ability to modulate PICs as contraction intensity increases. Maximal strength and functional capacity tests were also assessed. For the 20% triangular-shaped contractions, ΔF [0.58-0.87 peaks per second (pps); P ≤ 0.015] and peak discharge rates (0.78-0.99 pps; P ≤ 0.005) increased after training, indicating increased PIC amplitude. PIC modulation also improved after training. During the control period, mean ΔF differences between 20% trapezoidal-shaped and 40% triangular-shaped contractions were 0.09-0.18 pps (P = 0.448 and 0.109, respectively), which increased to 0.44 pps (P < 0.001) after training. Also, changes in ΔF showed moderate to very large correlations (r = 0.39-0.82) with changes in peak discharge rates and broad measures of motor function. Our findings indicate that increased motor neuron excitability is a potential mechanism underpinning training-induced improvements in motor neuron discharge rate, strength, and motor function in older adults. This increased excitability is likely mediated by enhanced PIC amplitudes, which are larger at higher contraction intensities.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Resistance training elicited important alterations in soleus intrinsic motor neuronal excitability, likely mediated by enhanced persistent inward current (PIC) amplitude, in older adults. Estimates of PICs increased after the training period, accompanied by an enhanced ability to increase PIC amplitudes at higher contraction intensities. Our data also suggest that changes in PIC contribution to self-sustained discharging may contribute to increases in motor neuron discharge rates, maximal strength, and functional capacity in older adults after resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B R Orssatto
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick Rodrigues
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen Mackay
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David N Borg
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation (AusHSI), School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tiago Rosa de Souza
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raphael L Sakugawa
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Anthony J Shield
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Romagnoli R, Civitella S, Minganti C, Piacentini MF. Concurrent and Predictive Validity of an Exercise-Specific Scale for the Perception of Velocity in the Back Squat. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11440. [PMID: 36141713 PMCID: PMC9517416 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the aim of the study was to develop and validate a specific perception velocity scale for the Back Squat exercise to discriminate the velocity of each repetition during a set. METHODS 31 resistance trained participants completed 3 evaluation sessions, consisting of 3 blinded loads (light, medium, heavy). For each repetition, barbell mean velocity (Vr) was measured with a linear position transducer while perceived velocity (Vp) was reported using the Squat Perception of Velocity (PV) Scale. RESULTS Pearson correlation coefficients (r) showed very high values for each intensity in the 3 different days (range r = 0.73-0.83) and practically perfect correlation for all loads (range r = 0.97-0.98). The simple linear regression analysis between Vp and Vr revealed values ranging from R2 = 0.53 to R2 = 0.69 in the 3 intensities and values ranging from R2 = 0.95 to R2 = 0.97 considering all loads. The reliability (ICC2.1, SEM) of Vp was tested for light (0.85, 0.03), medium (0.90, 0.03) and heavy loads (0.86, 0.03) and for all loads (0.99, 0.11). The delta score (ds = Vp - Vr) showed higher accuracy of the PV at heavy loads. CONCLUSIONS these results show that the PV Squat Scale is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to accurately quantify exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Romagnoli
- Department of Human Movement and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (S.C.); (C.M.)
- Italian Weightlifting Federation ‘FIPE’, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Civitella
- Department of Human Movement and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (S.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlo Minganti
- Department of Human Movement and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (S.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria Francesca Piacentini
- Department of Human Movement and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (S.C.); (C.M.)
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Sandercock GRH, Moran J, Cohen DD. Who is meeting the strengthening physical activity guidelines by definition: A cross-sectional study of 253 423 English adults? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267277. [PMID: 35507575 PMCID: PMC9067886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current UK physical activity guidelines recommend that adults aged 19 to 65 years perform activity to strengthen muscle and bone a minimum of twice weekly. The number of adults meeting strengthening activity guidelines is lower than for aerobic activity, but estimates vary between studies partly due to differences in how muscle-strengthening activity is defined. We aimed to provide estimates for strengthening activity prevalence in English adults based on a nationally representative sample of n = 253,423 18-65-year-olds. We attempted to quantify the variation in estimates attributable to differences in the way strengthening activity is defined. Finally, we aim to provide a brief descriptive epidemiology of the factors associated with strengthening activity. Adults met guidelines for aerobic activity if they reported the activity equivalent to >150 min/week moderate-intensity exercise. Respondents met strengthening guidelines if they reported at least two bouts per week of strengthening activity. We defined strengthening activity, first, according to criteria used in the Health Survey for England (HSE). Second, we counted bouts of strengthening activities for which we could find evidence of health-related benefits (Evidence). Third, we included bouts of strengthening activity as defined in current UK physical activity guidelines (Guideline). Two-thirds (67%) of adults met guidelines for aerobic activity (69% of men, 65% of women). Less than one-third (29% of men and 24% of women) met guidelines for the HSE definition of strengthening activity. Under the Evidence definition, 16% of men and 9% of women met strengthening guidelines. Using the most-stringent definition (Guideline) just 7.3% of men and 4.1% of women achieved the recommendations for strengthening activity. We found females and older adults (50–65 years) were less likely to meet guidelines for aerobic, strengthening, and combined aerobic plus strengthening activity. The prevalence of meeting activity guidelines was lower in adults from more deprived areas (compared with the least deprived); Adults with lower academic qualifications (Level 1) were less likely to meet activity guidelines than those educated to Level 4 (Degree Level) or higher. Having a limiting disability was associated with a lower prevalence of meeting activity guidelines. Associations between socio-demographic measures and the prevalence of adults meeting activity guidelines were stronger for strengthening activity than for aerobic 51(or combined aerobic plus strengthening) activity Compared with aerobic activity, fewer adults engage in strengthening activity regardless of how it is defined. The range in estimates for how many adults meet strengthening activity guidelines can be explained by variations in the definition of ‘strengthening’ that are used and the specific sports or activities identified as strengthening exercise. When strengthening activity is included, the proportion of English adults meeting current physical activity guidelines could be as high as 1 in 3 but possibly as low as just 1 in 20. A harmonized definition of strengthening activity, that is aligned with physical activity guidelines, is required to provide realistic and comparable prevalence estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R. H. Sandercock
- School of Sport Rehabilitation & Exercise Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport Rehabilitation & Exercise Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel D. Cohen
- Masira Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Zhang M, Tan Q, Sun J, Ding S, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Lu J, Liang X, Li D. Comparison of Velocity and Percentage-based Training on Maximal Strength:Meta-Analysis. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:981-995. [PMID: 35255509 DOI: 10.1055/a-1790-8546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to analyze the comparison of velocity-based resistance training and one-repetition maximum (%1RM) percentage-based training in maximal strength improvement by meta-analyzing and to find the reasons for the controversial findings of different studies. Ten studies were included in the systematic review and seven were subjected to meta-analysis. A total of 139 subjects were selected from the included articles after exclusion, including athletes of different specialties (N=93) and non-athletes mainly from fitness groups (N=46). The overall effect size was SMD=0.26 (95%CL 0.03 to 0.49, P=0.03, I²=0). As for the comparison of the analysis of different intervention objects as subgroups, the effect size of athletes as the subgroup was 0.35 (95%CI 0.06 to 0.64, p=0.02, I²=0), indicating that in the RCT with athletes as the intervention target, the effect of VBRT in improving the maximal strength was significantly different from that of PBT. Velocity-based resistance training might be more effective than percentage-based training in maximal strength improvement, in which velocity-based resistance training is more suitable for athletes in season, while percentage-based training is more suitable for the general sports population. More high-quality researches should deal with the effect of other athletic performance with velocity-based resistance training in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingYang Zhang
- Digital physical training laborator, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Tan
- physical education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ShiCong Ding
- Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZhiYong Zhang
- Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbing Lu
- Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyue Liang
- Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duanying Li
- Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Paoli A, Moro T, Lorenzetti S, Seiler J, Lüthy F, Gross M, Roggio F, Chaabene H, Musumeci G. The " Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology" Journal Club Series: Resistance Training. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5020025. [PMID: 33467241 PMCID: PMC7739424 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We are glad to introduce the Second Journal Club of Volume Five, Second Issue. This edition is focused on relevant studies published in the last few years in the field of resistance training, chosen by our Editorial Board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for the sport, seen also from the scientific point of view. The Editorial Board members wish you an inspiring lecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvio Lorenzetti
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen (SFISM), 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Jan Seiler
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen (SFISM), 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Lüthy
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen (SFISM), 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Micah Gross
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen (SFISM), 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Federico Roggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-378-2043
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