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Cabarkapa D, Aleksic J, Krsman D, Cabarkapa DV, Philipp NM, Fry AC. The impact of simulated 3x3 tournament on vertical jump force-time metrics in national team male basketball players. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1447343. [PMID: 39324106 PMCID: PMC11422114 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1447343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
With innovative portable force plate systems being widely implemented for lower-body neuromuscular performance assessment in an applied sports setting and the existing gap in the scientific literature regarding player performance during in-game competitive scenarios, the purpose of the present study was to compare changes in countermovement vertical jump (CVJ) performance pre-post a simulated 3×3 basketball tournament. Seven current or former members of a 3×3 national basketball team volunteered to participate in the present investigation. Upon completing standardized warm-up procedures, athletes stepped on a uni-axial force plate system sampling at 1,000 Hz and performed three maximal-effort CVJs with no arm swing. Then, the athletes proceeded to play a simulated 3×3 basketball tournament composed of two consecutive games, separated by a 15-min rest interval. Immediately following the completion of the second game, the identical CVJ testing procedures were repeated. Paired sample t-tests were used to examine pre-post-tournament differences in nineteen CVJ performance metrics (p < 0.05). The results reveal that force-time metrics during both eccentric and concentric phases of the CVJ remain relatively unchanged pre-post simulated 3×3 basketball tournament. However, multiple force-time metrics within the eccentric phase of the CVJ changed by 12.1%-19.1% (e.g., eccentric peak power and peak velocity, eccentric duration), suggesting that the eccentric phase of CVJ might be responsive to performance stimulus to a greater extent than the concentric phase. Overall, these findings further support the importance of comprehensive CVJ analysis when intending to measure changes in neuromuscular performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrije Cabarkapa
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory - Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Jelena Aleksic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Darko Krsman
- International Strength and Conditioning Institute, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Damjana V Cabarkapa
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory - Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Nicolas M Philipp
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory - Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Andrew C Fry
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory - Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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Flannery L, Secomb JL, West MA, Compton HR, Dascombe BJ. The Strength and Power Profile of Junior and Senior Female Rugby League Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2024:00124278-990000000-00526. [PMID: 39178121 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Flannery, L, Secomb, JL, West, MA, Compton, HR, and Dascombe, BJ. The strength and power profile of junior and senior female rugby league athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of this study was to compare the lower-body strength and power profiles of the various female rugby league (RL) competition levels, thereby establishing normative data for these athletes. Seventy-nine female RL athletes from 3 different competition levels: junior-state (n = 45, age: 17.5 ± 0.6 years), senior-state (n = 15, age: 24.3 ± 3.7 years), and senior-national (n = 19, age: 25.4 ± 4.0 years) participated in this study. All testing was completed in a single session at the beginning of preseason, with the following assessments performed: countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), and bilateral and unilateral isometric hip adduction and abduction strength. One-way analyses of variance with Bonferroni post hoc analyses, revealed that junior-state athletes exhibited significantly lower IMTP peak force (PF) and relative PF (rPF), and CMJ height compared with the senior-state and senior-national athletes. Importantly, senior-national athletes demonstrated significantly greater body mass (80.9 ± 14.6 kg) than senior-state athletes (70.9 ± 8.1 kg), but no significant differences were identified between these athletes for any IMTP or CMJ measure. Finally, the senior-national athletes possessed significantly lower unilateral hip adduction rPF (0.13 ± 0.04 N·BW-1) and adduction to abduction strength ratio (0.92 ± 0.14) than senior-state athletes (0.17 ± 0.03 N·BW-1 and 1.04 ± 0.13, respectively), which may have implications for noncontact lower-body injury risk. This study highlights the importance of practitioners prescribing training to increase the lower-body strength and power of junior-state RL athletes. Whereas, for senior-state athletes progressing to senior-national levels, the focus should on maintaining or improving relative strength and power, while increasing their body mass to enhance preparedness for the greater contact demands at that level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layne Flannery
- Applied Sport Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Josh L Secomb
- Applied Sport Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
- Active Living and Learning Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Millicent A West
- Applied Sport Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Heidi R Compton
- Applied Sport Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Ben J Dascombe
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
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Collings TJ, Lima YL, Dutaillis B, Bourne MN. Concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of VALD ForceDecks' strength, balance, and movement assessment tests. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:572-580. [PMID: 38777737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of common movement, strength, and balance tests using portable uniaxial dual force plates. DESIGN Repeated measures cross-sectional study. METHODS Sixteen healthy individuals participated in two testing sessions, where they performed 12 different movement, strength, and balance tests. Vertical ground reaction force and centre of pressure data were collected using the VALD ForceDecks simultaneously with ground-embedded laboratory force plates. Concurrent validity was assessed using root mean square error for raw time-series data and Bland-Altman plots for discrete metrics. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and minimal detectable changes. RESULTS ForceDecks recorded vertical ground reaction forces and center of pressure with high accuracy compared to laboratory force plates. The mean bias between systems was negligible (<2 N or 0.1 mm), with small limits of agreement (<5 N or 1 mm). Overall, 530/674 (79%) showed good or excellent validity (<10% difference) and 611/773 (79%) had good or excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.75). ForceDecks reliability was similar to laboratory force plates (<0.07 intraclass correlation coefficient median difference for all metrics). CONCLUSIONS Portable uniaxial force plates record highly accurate vertical ground reaction forces and center of pressure during a range of movement, strength, and balance tests. The VALD ForcDecks are a valid and reliable alternative to laboratory force plates when strict standardized testing and data analysis procedures are followed. Users should be aware of the validity and reliability characteristics of the tests and metrics they choose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Collings
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia; Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia.
| | - Yuri Lopes Lima
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia; Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia. https://twitter.com/YuriLimaPT
| | - Benjamin Dutaillis
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia; Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia. https://twitter.com/benji_dutaillis
| | - Matthew N Bourne
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia; Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia. https://twitter.com/MBourne5
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Boukhris O, Suppiah H, Halson S, Russell S, Clarke A, Geneau MC, Stutter L, Driller M. The acute effects of nonsleep deep rest on perceptual responses, physical, and cognitive performance in physically active participants. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024. [PMID: 38953770 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of nonsleep deep rest (NSDR) on physical and cognitive performance, as well as sleepiness, acute readiness, recovery, stress, and mood state in physically active participants. A total of 65 physically active participants (42 male, 23 female) were randomly assigned into two groups: an experimental group (NSDR, n = 34), in which participants completed a 10-min NSDR intervention, and a control group (CON, n = 31), whereby participants sat passively for 10 min. Testing measures were assessed immediately pre and 10 min post each condition and comprised completing a hand grip strength dynamometer test and a countermovement jump test on force plates, cognitive function measures via a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT-B), and a Simon task test, along with four questionnaires to assess sleep, recovery, and mood state. A significant Group × Time interaction favored the NSDR condition for handgrip strength, median reaction time during the PVT-B, and accuracy percentage during the Simon task. Questionnaire responses demonstrated NSDR to be associated with significant benefits to physical readiness, emotional balance, overall recovery, negative emotional state, overall stress, and tension in comparison to CON (p < .05). The NSDR intervention could be a valuable strategy for acutely enhancing overall well-being and readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boukhris
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haresh Suppiah
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shona Halson
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suzanna Russell
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Performance Services, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Sport Performance Innovation and Knowledge Excellence (SPIKE), Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthea Clarke
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary C Geneau
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke Stutter
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Driller
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Cabarkapa D, Cabarkapa DV, Aleksic J, Scott AA, Fry AC. Relationship between vertical jump performance and playing time and efficiency in professional male basketball players. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1399399. [PMID: 38887688 PMCID: PMC11180803 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1399399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
With innovative force plate technology being available to many sports organizations worldwide that allow for time-efficient in-depth neuromuscular performance assessment, the purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between some of the most commonly analyzed countermovement vertical jump (CVJ) force-time metrics and basketball playing time and efficiency. Twenty-four professional male basketball players volunteered to participate in the present study. The CVJ testing procedures were conducted within the first quarter of the competitive season span. Following a standardized warm-up protocol, each athlete stepped on a dual uni-axial force plate system sampling at 1,000 Hz and performed three maximum-effort CVJs with no arm swing. To minimize the possible influence of fatigue, each jump trial was separated by a 10-15 s rest interval and the average value across three jumps was used for performance analysis purposes. Basketball playing efficiency and average playing time were obtained at the end of the regular season competitive period from the coaching staff records and the official team records. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients (r) were used to examine the strength of the relationships between force-time metrics and basketball playing time and efficiency, separately for each dependent variable (p < 0.05). A significant positive association was observed between playing efficiency and eccentric mean force and eccentric mean and peak power (r = 0.406-0.552). Similarly, an increase in eccentric mean power was positively correlated with the number of minutes played during the competitive season (r = 0.464). Moreover, the aforementioned relationship remained present even when eccentric mean power was expressed relative to the player's body mass (r = 0.406). Thus, the findings of the present study indicate that, at the professional level of men's basketball competition, CVJ eccentric strength and power have a positive impact on both playing time and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrije Cabarkapa
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory—Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Damjana V. Cabarkapa
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory—Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Jelena Aleksic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Angeleau A. Scott
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory—Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Andrew C. Fry
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory—Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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Cabarkapa D, Cabarkapa DV, Aleksic J, Philipp NM, Scott AA, Johnson QR, Fry AC. Differences in countermovement vertical jump force-time metrics between starting and non-starting professional male basketball players. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1327379. [PMID: 38162698 PMCID: PMC10755471 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1327379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
With force plates being widely implemented for neuromuscular performance assessment in sport-specific settings and various force-time metrics being able to differentiate athletes based on their performance capabilities, the purpose of the present study was to examine the differences in countermovement vertical jump (CVJ) characteristics between starting and non-starting professional male basketball players (e.g., ABA League). Twenty-three athletes (height = 199.2 ± 7.7 kg, body mass = 94.2 ± 8.2 kg, age = 23.8 ± 4.9 years) volunteered to participate in the present investigation. Upon completion of a standardized warm-up protocol, each athlete performed three maximal-effort CVJs without an arm swing while standing on a uni-axial force plate system sampling at 1,000 Hz. Independent t-tests were used to examine statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in each force-time metric between starters (n = 10) and non-starters (n = 13). No significant differences in any of the CVJ force-time metrics of interest were observed between the two groups, during both the eccentric and concentric phases of the movement (i.e., impulse, duration, peak velocity, and mean and peak force and power). Moreover, starters and non-starters demonstrated similar performance on CVJ outcome (e.g., jump height) and strategy metrics (e.g., countermovement depth). Overall, these findings suggest that at the professional level of play, the ability to secure a spot in the starting lineup is not primarily determined by the players' CVJ performance characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrije Cabarkapa
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory – Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Damjana V. Cabarkapa
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory – Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Jelena Aleksic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nicolas M. Philipp
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory – Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Angeleau A. Scott
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory – Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Quincy R. Johnson
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory – Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Andrew C. Fry
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory – Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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