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Lehecka BJ, Daniels T, Koester B, Kropp W, Reeves M, Waterson R. Effects of Verbal and Tactile Cues on Gluteal Force Production and Broad Jump Distance. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:284-289. [PMID: 38439774 PMCID: PMC10909302 DOI: 10.26603/001c.92904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Verbal and tactile cues can increase muscle activity, force production, and kinematics. Several studies demonstrate the effects of verbal and tactile cues on upper extremity muscles, while relatively few examined lower extremity muscles, specifically the gluteals. Studies that observed changes in gluteal function from verbal and tactile cues examined muscle activity via electromyography rather than force production or functional activities such as jumping. Purpose The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of verbal and tactile cues on gluteal force production and broad jump distance. Study Design Cross-Sectional cohort. Methods Gluteus maximus force production and broad jump distance were tested in forty-two healthy male and female university students at baseline and after verbal and tactile cues given in random order. Gluteus maximus force was measured using handheld dynamometry and reported in kilograms. Verbal cues included "push, push, push" before both tests. The examiner provided tactile cues to the gluteus maximus before force production testing, and the participant provided tactile cues to both gluteus maximus muscles before performing the broad jump. Performance on the broad jump was measured in centimeters. Descriptive statistics and test-retest reliability via Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated, differences in performance between sexes were analyzed with an independent t-test, and changes in force production and jump distance from baseline were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. Results Mean gluteus maximus force production following verbal cues significantly increased (p = 0.000) by 13.48% (3.83 kg) compared to the control condition, while gluteal force production following the tactile cues was not significantly different. Broad jump distance following the verbal cues significantly increased (p = 0.000) 3.99% (7.71 cm) compared to the control condition and significantly increased (p = 0.000) by 2.95% (5.71 cm) following the tactile cues. There were no significant differences in performances between males and females. The test-retest reliability of all measurements was 0.97-0.99. Conclusion Verbal cues significantly increased gluteus maximus force production and broad jump distance. Tactile cues significantly increased broad jump distance but had no significant effect on gluteus maximus force. These results have implications for clinical testing and athletic performance when gluteus maximus force and jump distance are concerned. Level of Evidence 3.
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Cvetic D, Janicijevic D, Knezevic OM, García-Ramos A, Mirkov DM. Methodological considerations for assessing whole-body strength capacity through isometric dynamometry. Sports Biomech 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35287552 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2048063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the possibility of comprehensively assessing whole-body muscle strength by testing as few muscle groups as possible, using a single testing method (isometric or isokinetic dynamometry) and a single variable (maximal force or rate of force development). Knee, hip, shoulder and elbow extensors and flexors were evaluated in males with high (n = 26) and low strength levels (n = 32). The principal component analysis revealed three factors that explained 62.5% of the total variance, while the main factors were loaded by the different testing methods and strength variables for the muscles acting on the knee (first component), hip (second component) and arm joints (third component). These results were confirmed by a three-way ANOVA which revealed a significant factor of group (P < 0.001) and the interaction test type × group (P = 0.002), but not of test type (P = 0.644), muscle group (P = 0.999), or their interactions (P > 0.205). The correlations of strength outcomes across the muscles ranged from trivial to very large (r range = -0.17, 0.84), being generally higher for the antagonistic muscles. Overall, a comprehensive assessment of whole-body muscle strength can be obtained using isometric dynamometry and maximal force, but it should consider at least one muscle group from the antagonistic pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cvetic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Janicijevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera M Knezevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Education, Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Dragan M Mirkov
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
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Reeves J, McLean L. The influence of contraction type, prior performance of a maximal voluntary contraction and measurement duration on fine-wire EMG amplitude. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2021; 59:102566. [PMID: 34139549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the impact of time on fine-wire (fw) electromyography (EMG) signal amplitude, and to determine whether any attenuation is confounded by task type. Twenty healthy participants were instrumented with fw and surface (s) EMG electrodes at the biceps brachii bilaterally. Participants held a weight statically with one arm and with the other arm either repeated the same task following a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) or repeated dynamic elbow flexion/extension contractions. Each task was repeated for 30 s every five minutes over two hours. EMG amplitude was smoothed and normalized to time = 0. Stable median power frequency of the s-EMG ruled out the confounding influence of fatigue. Repeated-measures ANCOVAs determined the effect of electrode type and time (covariate) on EMG amplitude and the confounding impact of task type. During the isometric protocol, fw-EMG amplitude reduced over time (p = 0.002), while s-EMG amplitude (p = 0.895) and MPF (p > 0.05) did not change. Fw-EMG amplitude attenuated faster during the dynamic than the isometric protocol (p = 0.008) and there was evidence that the MVC preceding the isometric protocol impacted the rate of decline (p = 0.001). We conclude that systematic signal attenuation of fw-EMG occurs over time and is more pronounced during dynamic tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Reeves
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Spinnaker Building, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, United Kingdom
| | - Linda McLean
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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McCarney L, Andrews A, Henry P, Fazalbhoy A, Selva Raj I, Lythgo N, Kendall JC. Determining Trendelenburg test validity and reliability using 3-dimensional motion analysis and muscle dynamometry. Chiropr Man Therap 2020; 28:53. [PMID: 33076947 PMCID: PMC7570029 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-020-00344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hip abductor muscle group stabilises the pelvis during gait to prevent excessive pelvic drop. Hip abductor weakness has been linked to musculoskeletal conditions such as chronic low-back pain. As such, it is important that practitioners can correctly diagnose hip abductor weakness in a clinical setting. Although the Trendelenburg test is commonly used by practitioners, the validity of this test to assess hip abductor weakness in the absence of musculoskeletal injury remains questionable. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of the Trendelenburg test, as observed by a practitioner, to assess frontal plane pelvic motion and hip abductor strength in a population without intra-articular hip disorders. Methods This study was performed between June 14th and October 16th 2019. Eighteen participants were recruited for this study. Peak normalised isometric and isokinetic hip abductor torque were measured bilaterally (n = 36) using the Biodex System 4 isokinetic dynamometer. Each participant performed the Trendelenburg test bilaterally (n = 36) while a graduate year chiropractic practitioner assessed for a “positive” or “negative” sign. The test was simultaneously recorded using Vicon 3-Dimensional motion capture to measure frontal plane pelvic motion and elevation. Correlation analyses were performed between the measures of peak hip abductor torque and pelvic motion to determine if any relationship existed. Agreement between the practitioner and 3-Dimensional analysis was calculated using the kappa (κ) statistic. Results Weak, non-significant correlations were found between hip abductor strength and pelvic motion before outlier removal. Significant (p < 0.05) yet weak correlations were found after outlier removal, except for isometric hip abductor strength. Weak agreement was found between the chiropractic practitioner and 3-Dimesnional analysis for the Trendelenburg test assessment (κ = 0.22–0.25). Conclusions This study found no significant relationship between normalised peak isometric and isokinetic hip abductor torque and frontal plane pelvic motion during the Trendelenburg test in a healthy young adult population. There was also poor agreement between the practitioner and pelvic motion assessments. Caution should be used when using this test, in the absence of intra-articular hip pathology, to assesses hip abductor weakness. Before any definitive conclusion can be made, studies with a larger sample size should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke McCarney
- Osteopathy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Alexander Andrews
- Chiropractic, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Phoebe Henry
- Chiropractic, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Azharuddin Fazalbhoy
- Osteopathy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Isaac Selva Raj
- Exercise and Sports Sciences, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Noel Lythgo
- Exercise and Sports Sciences, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Julie C Kendall
- Chiropractic, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
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Pinupong C, Jalayondeja W, Mekhora K, Bhuanantanondh P, Jalayondeja C. The Effects of Ramp Gradients and Pushing-Pulling Techniques on Lumbar Spinal Load in Healthy Workers. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:307-313. [PMID: 32995056 PMCID: PMC7502614 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many tasks in industrial and health care setting are involved with pushing and pulling tasks up or down on a ramp. An efficient method of moving cart which reduces the risk of low back pain should be concerned. This study aimed to investigate the effects of handling types (HTs) and slope on lumbar spinal load during moving a cart on a ramp. We conducted a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial design with three main factors: 2 HTs, 2 handling directions of moving a cart and 4 degrees of ramp slope. Methods Thirty healthy male workers performed 14 tasks consist of moving a cart up and down on the ramp of 0°, 10°, 15°, and 20° degrees with pushing and pulling methods. Joint angles from a 3D motion capture system combined with subject height, body weight, and hand forces were used to calculate the spinal load by the 3DSSPP program. Results Our results showed significant effect of HT, handling directions and slope on compression and shear force of the lumbar spine (p < 0.001). When the ramp gradient increased, the L4/5 compression forces increased in both pushing and pulling (p < 0.001) Shear forces increased in pulling and decreased in pushing in all tasks. At high slopes, pulling generated more compression and shear forces than that of pushing (p < 0.01). Conclusion Using the appropriate technique of moving a cart on the ramp can reduce the risk of high spinal load, and the pushing is therefore recommended for moving a cart up/down on ramp gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalearmpong Pinupong
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Thailand.,Faculty of Allied Health Science, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Wattana Jalayondeja
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Thailand.,Ergonomics Society of Thailand (EST)
| | - Keerin Mekhora
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Thailand
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Janicijevic D, García-Ramos A, Knezevic OM, Mirkov DM. Feasibility of the two-point method for assessing the force-velocity relationship during lower-body and upper-body isokinetic tests. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2396-2402. [PMID: 31256708 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1636523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to (1) evaluate the shape of the force-velocity (F-V) relationship obtained from different muscles, (2) explore the concurrent validity of the two-point method with respect to the multiple-point method, (3) evaluate whether the F-V relationship can discriminate between muscle groups and genders, and (4) explore the generalisability of the same F-V relationship parameters (maximal force [F0], maximal velocity [V0]), and maximal power [P0]) between different tasks. The F-V relationship of 22 physically active participants (12 women) were tested during knee extension, knee flexion, elbow extension and elbow flexion through the multiple- (eight velocities: 30-60-90-120-150-180-210-240º/s) and two-point (two velocities: 60-180º/s) methods. The findings revealed (1) highly linear F-V relationships (r ≥ 0.893), (2) high concurrent validity of the two-point method for F0, but lower for V0 and P0, (3) the outcomes of both methods were sensitive to the muscle groups (higher for knee muscles) and gender (higher for men), and (4) the magnitude of the same F-V parameters were poorly correlated between different tasks (median r < 0.1). These results support the two-point method as a valid and sensitive procedure for determining the maximal capacities of the muscles to produce F, but not V, during isokinetic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Janicijevic
- a Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- b Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,c Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Catholic University of Most Holy Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - Olivera M Knezevic
- d University of Belgrade Institute for Medical Research , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Dragan M Mirkov
- a Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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Schleichardt A, Badura M, Lehmann F, Ueberschär O. Comparison of force-velocity profiles of the leg-extensors for elite athletes in the throwing events relating to gender, age and event. Sports Biomech 2019; 20:720-736. [PMID: 31132026 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1598479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Strength capabilities of the leg-extending muscles play an important role in athletic throwing events, where a high momentum must be transferred to the throwing device. The objective of this study was to quantify the force-velocity profiles of the leg-extending muscles considering gender, age and event. The leg-extending forces of 143 elite-athletes (59 females, 84 males) of the athletic throwing events were measured during isokinetic leg press tasks at four speeds. The maxima of force, power and contraction velocity of a knee-extending model muscle could be determined by means of a scalable geometric model and linear fitting. This method makes different groups of athletes comparable. Furthermore, the individually achieved release speeds were measured in a field test. Female and male throwers showed a different development of force-velocity profiles during their maturation process. For the men the development is more speed-oriented. We identified shot putters and javelin throwers to be the athletes with the highest leg-extending power. The importance of leg-extending muscle strength for the complex field performance for the throwing events was confirmed. The presented approach allows to give support in controlling and guiding of leg-extension strength training for both different stages of maturing and varying throwing events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Badura
- Head Coach Throwing Events, German Athletics Federation, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frank Lehmann
- Institute for Applied Training Science, Leipzig, Germany
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Alt T, Knicker A, Strueder H. The Effects of Angular Velocity and Training Status on the Dynamic Control Equilibrium. Sports Med Int Open 2017; 1:E23-E29. [PMID: 30539082 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-123497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thigh muscle imbalances may impair sports performance and cause injuries. Common diagnostic parameters of knee muscle balance lack practical applicability. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the effects of angular velocity and training status on the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point representing the intersection of eccentric knee flexion and concentric knee extension moment-angle curves. 58 trained and 58 untrained male participants (22.1 years, 82.4 kg) performed concentric and eccentric knee flexions (prone position) and extensions (supine position) on an isokinetic dynamometer operating at 30 and 150°/s. Trained participants had significantly higher DCRe moments at all angular velocities compared with their untrained counterparts (trained 30,150 : 1.86, 1.90 Nm/kg; untrained 30,150 : 1.56, 1.60 Nm/kg; p<0.001, partial η²=0.345). Dynamic control equilibrium moments rose with increasing velocity (p=0.001, partial η²=0.095), whereas dynamic control equilibrium angles (trained 30,150 : 28.9, 30.8°; untrained 30,150 : 26.1, 27.0°) were influenced by training status (p=0.004, partial η²=0.072), but not by angular velocity (p=0.241, partial η²=0.012). Dynamic control equilibrium parameters detect thigh muscle balance and reflect the trained participants' capacity to resist high eccentric knee flexor moments, especially during fast movements. Direct links to muscular loading during sprinting are conceivable, but warrant further investigation. The assessment of dynamic control equilibrium moments and angles might help physiotherapists and coaches to improve functional muscle screening, injury prevention and purposeful return to sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Alt
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Knicker
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,SPRINZ Sport Performance Research Institute of New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Heiko Strueder
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
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Alt T, Richert M, Schwarz YM, Knicker AJ, Strüder HK. Minimal fixation suffices for supine isokinetic knee extension: A kinetic and 3D kinematic analysis. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-160630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Alt
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michel Richert
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yannick M. Schwarz
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel J. Knicker
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- SPRINZ Sport Performance Research Institute of New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Heiko K. Strüder
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
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Poon K, Li S, Roper M, Wong M, Wong O, Cheung R. Kinesiology tape does not facilitate muscle performance: A deceptive controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:130-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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