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Gong W. The effects of rhythmic exercise using PNF patterns on gait variables in normal adults. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:415-422. [PMID: 38669500 PMCID: PMC11191511 DOI: 10.3233/thc-248036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining gait stability is an important factor for preventing falls of normal adults. Thus, it is necessary to conduct research on gait variables in normal adults. OBJECTIVE In this study, we conducted research on the effect of rhythmic exercise using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) patterns on gait variables in normal adults. METHODS Thirty-two subjects were divided into two groups, the training and control groups, with 16 subjects in each group. We measured various gait variables step time difference (STD), step length difference (SLD), single support difference (SSD), stance phase difference (STPD) and swing phase difference (SWPD) for the pre-test and post-test in each group. RESULTS As a result of paired t-tests on various gait variables (STD, SLD, SSD, STPD, SWPD) of the training and control group, the training group showed significance in SLD, STPD and STD and the control group had no significance in all items. CONCLUSIONS In this study, which verified the effect of rhythmic exercise using the PNF patterns on the gait variables of normal adults, there was statistical significance in SLD, STPD, and STD showing that dynamic exercise using the PNF pattern is helpful in improving the walking ability of normal adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wontae Gong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan, Korea
- E-mail:
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2
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Yu S, Lin L, Liang H, Lin M, Deng W, Zhan X, Fu X, Liu C. Gender difference in effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on flexibility and stiffness of hamstring muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:918176. [PMID: 35941935 PMCID: PMC9355829 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.918176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the acute effects of PNF stretching on hamstring flexibility and muscle stiffness of lower limbs between genders. Methods: 15 male and 15 female university students without any injury histories on lower limbs in the past 3 months were included in this study were selected. All subjects were measured by MyotonPRO before and after stretching to determine the muscle stiffness of the biceps femoris muscle (BF), semitendinosus muscle (ST) of the hamstring and the medial gastrocnemius muscles (MG), lateral gastrocnemius muscles (LG), and the soleus (SOL) of the triceps surae muscles. Additionally, their flexibility was measured using the sit-and-reach test (the SR test) and passive hip range of motion (ROM). Differences based on time (pre-stretching vs. post-stretching) and sex (females vs. males) were assessed using 2 × 2 repeated measures AVONA. Results: There was a significant decrease in the stiffness of the hamstring and triceps surae muscles after stretching (BF, MG, LG, and SOL: p < 0.001; ST: p = 0.003). The muscle stiffness of the hamstring and triceps surae muscles is larger in males than in females at all time points (p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in hip flexion angle and the SR test in males and females after PNF stretching (p < 0.001); However, there was no difference in the change in the muscle stiffness and the flexibility between genders (p > 0.05). Conclusion: PNF stretching helped improve hamstring flexibility and decrease muscle stiffness. Stretching the hamstrings can also contribute to a decrease in the stiffness of the triceps surae muscles. The muscle stiffness of males before and after stretching is always greater than that of females. However, there was no difference in the change of improvement in stretching between genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suiqing Yu
- Clinical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Lin
- Clinical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Liang
- Clinical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Clinical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixin Deng
- Clinical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinshu Zhan
- Guangdong Industrial Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xihua Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases Unit, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xihua Fu, ; Chunlong Liu,
| | - Chunlong Liu
- Clinical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xihua Fu, ; Chunlong Liu,
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Sobrinho ACDS, de Almeida ML, Rodrigues GDS, Finzeto LC, Silva VRR, Bernatti RF, Bueno Junior CR. Effect of Flexibility Training Associated with Multicomponent Training on Posture and Quality of Movement in Physically Inactive Older Women: A Randomized Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010709. [PMID: 34682455 PMCID: PMC8536106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multicomponent training has considerable adherence among older populations, but there is a lack of literature on the benefits of this training on older people’s posture. Literature also lacks stretching protocols that work the body in an integrated/unified way and respect the principle of individuality in exercise training. We evaluated the effect of a multicomponent training protocol combined or not with flexibility training in improving the posture and quality of movement in physically inactive older women, according to a score lower than 9.11 in the Modified Baecke Questionnaire for the Elderly (MBQE). Methods: 142 participants were evaluated and randomized in three training groups: multicomponent training (MT = 52), multicomponent and flexibility training (MFT = 43), and a control group (CG = 47). We evaluated joint amplitude using goniometry, flexibility with sit and reach and hands behind the back tests, quality of movement with the functional movement screen, and posture using biophotogammetry. Results: The MFT group had 15 parameters—flexibility and posture—with a very large effect size (ES > 1.30) and nine with average ES (0.50–0.79). MT presented two variables with large ES (0.80–1.25) and seven with average ES. CG presented three variables with high ES and five with average ES. Both interventions improved the quality of movement. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that 14 weeks of multicomponent and flexibility training in a group intervention can improve flexibility and posture levels in physically inactive older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Crystine da Silva Sobrinho
- School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.S.); (G.d.S.R.)
| | - Mariana Luciano de Almeida
- College of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme da Silva Rodrigues
- School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.S.); (G.d.S.R.)
| | - Larissa Chacon Finzeto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Vagner Ramon Rodrigues Silva
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Fenner Bernatti
- University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Avenida Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira 201, Franca 14404-600, SP, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Roberto Bueno Junior
- School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.S.); (G.d.S.R.)
- College of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(16)-3315-0346
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Mani E, Kirmizigil B, Tüzün EH. Effects of two different stretching techniques on proprioception and hamstring flexibility: a pilot study. J Comp Eff Res 2021; 10:987-999. [PMID: 34231374 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2021-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to compare the immediate and long-term effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) contract-relax-antagonist-contract (CRAC) exercises versus static stretching on proprioception and flexibility in males with hamstring shortness. Patients & methods: Knee extension angle test was used to measure flexibility and isokinetic dynamometer to evaluate proprioception. Assessments were evaluated at baseline, after first exercise and eighth week. The hamstring stretching was applied 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Results: Flexibility and position sense were similar in the immediate and long term (p > 0.05). However, the motion sense increased significantly in long term within the PNF CRAC group (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Both stretching exercises are effective for improving flexibility. Moreover, PNF CRAC improved motion sense more than static stretching in the long term. Clinical trial registration number: NCT04026646.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Mani
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin-10, 99628, Turkey
| | - Berkiye Kirmizigil
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin-10, 99628, Turkey
| | - Emine Handan Tüzün
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin-10, 99628, Turkey
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KELEŞ N, KOCA TT. Sağlıklı Genç Erkeklerde Farklı Egzersiz Modalitelerinin Akut Dönemde El Bilek Eklem Hareket Açıklığı ve El Kavrama Gücüne Etkisi. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.871604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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6
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da Silveira DSP, Dos Santos MJ, da Silva ET, Sarri AJ, das Neves LMS, Guirro ECDO. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in the functionality and lymphatic circulation of the upper limb of women undergoing breast cancer treatment. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 80:105158. [PMID: 32896753 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increase in survival of women treated for breast cancer, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of therapeutic resources on co-morbidities resulting from the surgical treatment of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on the functionality and lymphatic circulation of the upper limb involved in the treatment of breast cancer. METHODS The study was conducted according to randomized clinical trial design. Thirty-two women at a mean age of 52.20 (±8.32) years, submitted to breast cancer treatment, divided into two groups, control - women submitted to standard breast cancer treatment, and treated group, composed of women who underwent breast cancer treatment and rehabilitation with the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique. Palmar grip strength with dynamometer and shoulder range of motion with goniometer were evaluated. Lymphatic circulation analysis was performed in a computerized scintillation chamber, before and after therapeutic intervention. FINDINGS In the results obtained, a significant increase (p < 0.05) of palmar grip strength was observed, a significant increase in range of motion of flexion (p < 0.001), extension (p < 0.0012), abduction (p < 0.0001), external rotation (p < 0.0001), internal rotation (p < 0.0001), and not significant for lymphatic flow (p > 0.05). INTERPRETATION The results obtained in this study allow us to conclude that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation favors an increase in muscle strength, range of motion, but not in lymphatic flow, in women undergoing surgical treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Tinóis da Silva
- Departament of Physics in Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Safety and Technology Institute, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Almir José Sarri
- Departament of Physiotherapy, Câncer Hospital of Barretos, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lais Mara Siqueira das Neves
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Caldeira de Oliveira Guirro
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Nagano K, Uoya S, Nagano Y. Effects of antagonistic muscle contraction exercises on ankle joint range of motion. J Phys Ther Sci 2019; 31:526-529. [PMID: 31417215 PMCID: PMC6642898 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.31.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Antagonistic stretching is an important therapeutic program in rehabilitation. However, if pain occurs during stretching, other methods should be considered. This study aimed to investigate whether antagonistic muscle contraction exercises alone had an effect in expanding the joint range of motion. [Participants and Methods] Participants included 50 healthy males and females (aged 21.0 ± 3.1 years) who were each randomly assigned to one of four groups that performed either active, resistance, phasic, or isometric exercises or a control group that performed no exercise. Each exercise group performed five sets of 30-second ankle dorsiflexion exercises. Active and passive ranges of motion of ankle dorsiflexion were measured using a goniometer, with the participants in the knee extension and flexion positions. [Results] Ankle joint range of motion was increased in the knee extension position in the isometric exercise group. There were no other differences observed in any of the groups. [Conclusion] Our results indicated that isometric exercises had an immediate effect on increasing ankle joint range of motion. This is presumably attributed to the effects of Golgi tendon organ inhibition (Ib inhibition) or stretch tolerance of the gastrocnemius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhito Nagano
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Fukui Health Science University: 56 Egami-cho 13-1, Fukui city, Fukui 910-3190, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Uoya
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ohmori Clinic for Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, Japan
| | - Yumi Nagano
- Department of Nursing Care, Medical Care Co., Ltd., Japan
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8
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Moeskops S, Oliver JL, Read PJ, Cronin JB, Myer GD, Lloyd RS. The Physiological Demands of Youth Artistic Gymnastics: Applications to Strength and Conditioning. Strength Cond J 2019. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Voos MC, Maria Clara Drummond SDM, Hasue RH. Hip Mobilization at Preterm Age May Accelerate Developmental Dysplasia Recovery. Case Rep Med 2018; 2018:8625721. [PMID: 30510581 PMCID: PMC6231373 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8625721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have described mobilization approaches in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The present study describes the hip mobilization of a preterm infant (born at 33 6/7 weeks of gestational age) diagnosed with DDH. DESIGN AND METHODS During the 43-day hospital stay, the infant was seen twice a week (ten sessions, 20 minutes each). All sessions included hip approximation maneuvers, with the hip positioned in abduction, lateral rotation and flexion, and lower limbs passive mobilization, which were taught to the mother. Early intervention with auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular stimulations was also performed. The infant was assessed with hip ultrasound before and after treatment. RESULTS At 34 2/7 weeks of gestational age, she was classified as Graf IIa (left: alpha: 55°, beta: 68°; right: alpha: 59°, beta: 64°). At 40 5/7 weeks, she was classified as Graf I for left (alpha: 67°; beta: 42°) and right (alpha: 66°; beta: 42°) hips. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The intervention seemed to accelerate the acquisition of stability of dysplasic hips in a preterm infant. The outcome supports further investigation of hip approximation maneuvers as part of early stimulation in preterm infants with DDH during hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Callil Voos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Communication Sciences and Disorders and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soares de Moura Maria Clara Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy, Communication Sciences and Disorders and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Hydee Hasue
- Department of Physical Therapy, Communication Sciences and Disorders and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Wanderley D, Lemos A, Moretti E, Barros MMMB, Valença MM, de Oliveira DA. Efficacy of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation compared to other stretching modalities in range of motion gain in young healthy adults: A systematic review. Physiother Theory Pract 2018; 35:109-129. [PMID: 29474101 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1440677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on range of motion (ROM) gain in young healthy adults. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized trials, including young healthy adults. The interventions were: PNF compared with different PNF techniques, control, other muscle stretching exercises and musculoskeletal manipulations. The outcome measures were: articular ROM and adverse effects. The final number of included studies was 46, involving 1,864 adults. There was difference on ROM comparing assisted hold-relax (HR) on diagonal plane to control, based on very low-quality evidence. There was also difference on ROM comparing assisted HR to self-HR; self-contract-relax (CR) to control; assisted CR contract to control; and assisted HR contract to control, based on low-quality evidence. Moderate-quality evidence shows that results differ between self HR and control (SMD: 0.95; 95%CI 0.03, 1.86; I249%; P = 0.16) in terms of ROM gain. When performing the other comparisons, the results were based on low or very low-quality evidence and do not allow to state if PNF is more or less effective than other stretches for improving ROM in healthy young adults. No adverse effects were mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Wanderley
- a Physical Therapy Department , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Andrea Lemos
- a Physical Therapy Department , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Eduarda Moretti
- a Physical Therapy Department , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Moraes Valença
- b Post Graduation Program in Neropsiquiatry and Science of Behavior, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , PE , Brazil
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Pokorski M, Barassi G, Bellomo RG, Prosperi L, Crudeli M, Saggini R. Bioprogressive Paradigm in Physiotherapeutic and Antiaging Strategies: A Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1116:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Borges MO, Medeiros DM, Minotto BB, Lima CS. Comparison between static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on hamstring flexibility: systematic review and meta-analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2017.1347708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Oliveira Borges
- Exercise Laboratory Research, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diulian Muniz Medeiros
- Exercise Laboratory Research, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Borba Minotto
- Exercise Laboratory Research, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Silveira Lima
- Exercise Laboratory Research, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Eight weeks of Capoeira progressive training program increases flexibility of beginners. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-016-0292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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González-Álvarez FJ, Valenza MC, Torres-Sánchez I, Cabrera-Martos I, Rodríguez-Torres J, Castellote-Caballero Y. Effects of diaphragm stretching on posterior chain muscle kinematics and rib cage and abdominal excursion: a randomized controlled trial. Braz J Phys Ther 2016; 20:405-411. [PMID: 27333481 PMCID: PMC5123258 DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have explored the effects of stretching techniques on diaphragm and
spine kinematics. Objective To determine whether the application of diaphragm stretching resulted in changes
in posterior chain muscle kinematics and ribcage and abdominal excursion in
healthy subjects. Method Eighty healthy adults were included in this randomized clinical trial.
Participants were randomized into two groups: the experimental group, which
received a diaphragmatic stretching technique, or the placebo group, which
received a sham-ultrasound procedure. The duration of the technique, the position
of participants, and the therapist who applied the technique were the same for
both treatments. Participant assessment (cervical range of movement, lumbar
flexibility, flexibility of the posterior chain, and rib cage and abdominal
excursion) was performed at baseline and immediately after the intervention by a
blinded assessor. Results The mean between-group difference [95% CI] for the ribcage excursion after
technique at xiphoid level was 2.48 [0.97 to 3.99], which shows significant
differences in this outcome. The remaining between-group analysis showed
significant differences in cervical extension, right and left flexion, flexibility
of the posterior chain, and ribcage excursion at xiphoid level (p<0.05) in
favor of the experimental group. Conclusion Diaphragm stretching generates a significant improvement in cervical extension,
right and left cervical flexion, flexibility of the posterior chain, and ribcage
excursion at xiphoid level compared to a placebo technique in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie C Valenza
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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15
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Apostolopoulos N, Metsios GS, Flouris AD, Koutedakis Y, Wyon MA. The relevance of stretch intensity and position-a systematic review. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1128. [PMID: 26347668 PMCID: PMC4540085 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretching exercises to increase the range of motion (ROM) of joints have been used by sports coaches and medical professionals for improving performance and rehabilitation. The ability of connective and muscular tissues to change their architecture in response to stretching is important for their proper function, repair, and performance. Given the dearth of relevant data in the literature, this review examined two key elements of stretching: stretch intensity and stretch position; and their significance to ROM, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and inflammation in different populations. A search of three databases, Pub-Med, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Reviews, identified 152 articles, which were subsequently categorized into four groups: athletes (24), clinical (29), elderly (12), and general population (87). The use of different populations facilitated a wider examination of the stretching components and their effects. All 152 articles incorporated information regarding duration, frequency and stretch position, whereas only 79 referred to the intensity of stretching and 22 of these 79 studies were deemed high quality. It appears that the intensity of stretching is relatively under-researched, and the importance of body position and its influence on stretch intensity, is largely unknown. In conclusion, this review has highlighted areas for future research, including stretch intensity and position and their effect on musculo-tendinous tissue, in relation to the sensation of pain, delayed onset muscle soreness, inflammation, as well as muscle health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Apostolopoulos
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Performance, Institute of Sport, University of WolverhamptonWalsall, UK
| | - George S. Metsios
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Performance, Institute of Sport, University of WolverhamptonWalsall, UK
| | | | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Performance, Institute of Sport, University of WolverhamptonWalsall, UK
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of ThessalyTrikala, Greece
| | - Matthew A. Wyon
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Performance, Institute of Sport, University of WolverhamptonWalsall, UK
- National Institute of Dance Medicine and ScienceLondon, UK
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Adelsberger R, Tröster G. Effects of stretching and warm-up routines on stability and balance during weight-lifting: a pilot investigation. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:938. [PMID: 25527262 PMCID: PMC4326506 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of warm-up and stretching in weight-lifting remains unknown, especially for the weight-lifter’s stability and balance during lifting. Methods 13 subjects were randomly assigned a 10-minute stretching routine (SR) or a 10-minute warm-up routine (WR) and compared against 5 controls (no stretching or warm-up). Before and after the individually assigned routine, the participants’ centre of pressure (CoP) was assessed using plantar-pressure sensors. The subjects were measured during 10 repetitions of air squat (no load, “AS”), front squat (FS; 20 kg/15 kg bar), overhead squat (OHS; m: 20 kg / f: 15 kg bar), and a deadlift lifting exercise (“DL”; 20 kg/15 kg bar). The impact on CoP dynamics of the warm-up and stretching routines were examined with repeated two-factor analysis of variances (ANOVA) of the mean and the coefficient of variance (CV, shown in %), as proxies for stability and balance. Results After stretching, the SR athletes shifted the mean CoP towards the toes (≈1 cm; p < 0.01) while the WR athletes shifted the CoP towards the heels (≈1 cm; p < 0.01) during AS. For the remaining exercises, the SR athletes shifted the CoP towards the heels (between 0.8 cm and 5.7 cm) compared to WR (≈1.9 cm towards the heels in FS, no significant change in OHS (≈1 mm) and DL (≈3 mm)). The controls did not show any change between pre- and post-datasets. After stretching, the CV decreased for the AS and OHS exercises (AS: 10.2% to 7.0%, OHS 9.8% to 7.8%), but increased after WR (AS: 7.1% to 10.1%) or did not change significantly (OHS). Both WR and SR resulted in increased CV values for FS and DL. No change of CV was observed in the controls. Conclusions SR had a stronger impact on CoP during the assessed exercises than either WR or controls. A reduction in CV after SR exercises (AS, OHS) suggests a clear improvement in stability and balance during weight-lifting. The lack of a significant effect for complex movements (OHS) suggests only a limited effect of a 10-minute warm-up routine on CoP features. 10 minutes stretching might therefore be more efficient for improving stability than a general 10 minute warm-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Adelsberger
- Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
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