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Johansen MJ, Aagaard P, Gejl KD, Kvorning T, Bojsen-Møller J. Influence of muscle strength, power, and rapid force capacity on maximal club head speed in male national level golfers. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:912-924. [PMID: 37585706 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2245998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationships between maximal club head speed (CHS) and physiological and anthropometric parameters in 21 national-level male golfers (age: 21.9 ± 3.9 years; handicap: +1.1 ± 1.7). Maximal isometric strength (MVC) was measured during isometric mid-thigh pull and bench press, while MVC and rate of force development (RFD) were measured during isometric leg press. Power, lower limb stiffness, positive impulse, jump height and RFDdyn were measured during countermovement jump (CMJ). Moreover, rotational trunk power, active range of motion (AROM) and anthropometrics were determined. Comparisons were made between participants with high (FTG) and low (STG) CHS, respectively. FTG demonstrated greater isometric mid-thigh pull and isometric bench press MVC, leg press RFD, rotational trunk power, and CMJ parameters (except RFDdyn) as well as reduced hip AROM compared to STG (P < 0.01). CHS was positively correlated to isometric mid-thigh pull and isometric bench press MVC, leg press RFD, rotational trunk power and CMJ parameters (P < 0.01). In conclusion, strong positive correlations were observed between maximal CHS and maximal strength and power parameters. Consequently, improving maximal neuromuscular strength and power may be considered of importance for golfers, as greater CHS and accompanying driving distance may lead to competitive advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Johansen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - K D Gejl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - T Kvorning
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J Bojsen-Møller
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Lee JB, Sung BJ, Seo TB. The relationship between driving distance and different types of contraction in core muscles in Korea elite female golfers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1-7. [PMID: 35470651 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.13519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compared and examined the relationship between the concentric, eccentric, and isometric muscular contraction measurements that are commonly used to assess trunk strength and power, and the driving distance in elite female golfers. The purpose of this study was to utilize as a basis to evaluate the driving distance-related physical training program design and its efficacy. METHODS Eighteen female golfers from A club in Gyeonggi province are recruited. The driving distance, medicine ball throwing, isokinetic trunk flexor, and extensor strength and power, and isometric strength in the 3D electromagnetic motion analysis system were assessed. The statistical analysis adopted the Students' t-test to adjust the different units in each assessment method, and then interrelation and correlation analysis between the driving distance was conducted. RESULTS The result of this study is as the following: the medicine ball throwing, isokinetic trunk extensor power, isometric trunk flexor, and extensor strength, and left and right flexor and rotator strength showed high correlation with the driving distance. In the comparison between strength factors, isokinetic trunk extensor strength had a high correlation (R2=0.452), while the medicine ball throw and isokinetic trunk extensor power were reported a higher correlation in order (R2=0.740). In the overall comparison analysis, the isometric trunk left rotation, and isometric trunk extensor had an R2 value of 0.893. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, the isometric trunk rotational strength and extensor strength had the highest correlation with the driving distance. This result can be used to design the physical fitness program for golfers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boung-Ju Sung
- Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Beom Seo
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea -
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Shaw J, Gould ZI, Oliver JL, Lloyd RS. Physical Determinants of Golf Swing Performance: Considerations for Youth Golfers. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mathankar A, S K, Maney S, Prajapati K. Strength and Conditioning for a Cricket Batsman. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Moeskops S, Oliver JL, Read PJ, Cronin JB, Myer GD, Lloyd RS. Practical Strategies for Integrating Strength and Conditioning Into Early Specialization Sports. Strength Cond J 2021. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Oranchuk DJ, Mannerberg JM, Robinson TL, Nelson MC. Eight Weeks of Strength and Power Training Improves Club Head Speed in Collegiate Golfers. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2205-2213. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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The Relationship Between the Golf-Specific Movement Screen and Golf Performance. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 29:425-435. [PMID: 30860428 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Golf requires effective movement patterns to produce an effective swing and performance. OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between the Titleist Performance Institute golf-specific functional movement screening (GSFMS) composite and individual element scores and golf performance by assessing a player's handicap, clubhead speed, side accuracy, ball speed, peak pelvis rotation speed, swing sequence, and common swing faults. DESIGN Cohort study, clinical measurement. SETTING English golf club. PARTICIPANTS A total of 11 amateur golfers: 5 males (age: 37.2 [18.7] y, height: 184.4 [9.6] cm, body mass: 89.5 [13.4] kg, and handicap: 9 [6.6]) and 6 females (age: 53.7 [15.0] y, height: 166.8 [5.5] cm, body mass: 67.9 [16.6] kg, and handicap: 13 [6.1]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES GSFMS composite and individual element scores and golf performance variables. RESULTS Significant relationships existed between GSFMS composite scores and handicap (r = -.779, P = .01); clubhead speed (r = .701, P = .02); ball speed (r = .674, P = .02); and peak pelvis rotation speed (r = .687, P = .02). Significant relationships existed between 90°/90° golf position and clubhead speed (r = .716, P = .01); ball speed (r = .777, P = .01); seated trunk rotation and peak pelvis rotation speed (r = .606, P = .048); single-leg balance and handicap (r = -.722, P = .01); torso rotation and handicap (r = -.637,P = .04); and torso rotation and peak pelvis rotation speed (r = .741, P = .01). Single-leg balance, overhead deep squat, and pelvic tilt were the GSFMS tests which participants had most difficulty in performing. The most common swing faults identified included loss of posture, slide, chicken winging, and early hip extension. CONCLUSIONS The GSFMS may be used to identify movement limitations that relate to golfing performance. These findings may potentially allow intervention to correct movement patterns and potentially improve golf performance.
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Wells JET, Charalambous LH, Mitchell ACS, Coughlan D, Brearley SL, Hawkes RA, Murray AD, Hillman RG, Fletcher IM. Relationships between Challenge Tour golfers' clubhead velocity and force producing capabilities during a countermovement jump and isometric mid-thigh pull. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:1381-1386. [PMID: 30572804 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1559972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A number of field-based investigations have evidenced practically significant relationships between clubhead velocity (CHV), vertical jump performance and maximum strength. Unfortunately, whilst these investigations provide a great deal of external validity, they are unable to ascertain vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) variables that may relate to golfers' CHVs. This investigation aimed to assess if the variance in European Challenge Tour golfers' CHVs could be predicted by countermovement jump (CMJ) positive impulse (PI), isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) peak force (PF) and rate of force development (RFD) from 0-50 ms, 0-100 ms, 0-150 ms and 0-200 ms. Thirty-one elite level European Challenge Tour golfers performed a CMJ and IMTP on dual force plates at a tournament venue, with CHV measured on a driving range. Hierarchical multiple regression results indicated that the variance in CHV was significantly predicted by all four models (model one R2 = 0.379; model two R2 = 0.392, model three R2 = 0.422, model four R2 = 0.480), with Akaike's information criterion indicating that model one was the best fit. Individual standardised beta coefficients revealed that CMJ PI was the only significant variable, accounting for 37.9% of the variance in European Challenge Tour Golfers' CHVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack E T Wells
- a National Training Academy , The Professional Golfers' Association , Ping House, The Belfry , UK.,b Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research , University of Bedfordshire , Bedford , UK
| | - Laura H Charalambous
- b Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research , University of Bedfordshire , Bedford , UK
| | - Andrew C S Mitchell
- b Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research , University of Bedfordshire , Bedford , UK
| | - Daniel Coughlan
- c School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences , University of Essex , Colchester , UK.,d European Tour Performance Institute , Surrey , UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Iain M Fletcher
- b Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research , University of Bedfordshire , Bedford , UK
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Wells JET, Mitchell ACS, Charalambous LH, Fletcher IM. Relationships between highly skilled golfers' clubhead velocity and force producing capabilities during vertical jumps and an isometric mid-thigh pull. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:1847-1851. [PMID: 29300147 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1423611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Whilst previous research has highlighted significant relationships between golfers' clubhead velocity (CHV) and their vertical jump height and maximum strength, these field-based protocols were unable to measure the actual vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) variables that may correlate to performance. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and drop jump (DJ) vGRF variables and CHV in highly skilled golfers. Twenty-seven male category 1 golfers performed IMTP, CMJ, SJ and DJ on a dual force platform. The vertical jumps were used to measure positive impulse during different stretch-shortening cycle velocities, with the IMTP assessing peak force (PF) and rate of force development (RFD). Clubhead velocity was measured using a TrackMan launch monitor at a golf driving range. Pearsons correlation coefficient analyses revealed significant relationships between peak CHV and CMJ positive impulse (r = 0.788, p < 0.001), SJ positive impulse (r = 0.692; p < 0.001), DJ positive impulse (r = 0.561, p < 0.01), PF (r = 0.482, p < 0.01), RFD from 0-150 ms (r = 0.343, p < 0.05) and RFD from 0-200 ms (r = 0.398, p < 0.05). The findings from this investigation indicate strong relationships between vertical ground reaction force variables and clubhead velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack E T Wells
- a The Professional Golfers' Association, National Training Academy , The Belfry , UK.,b Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research , University of Bedfordshire , Bedford , UK
| | - Andrew C S Mitchell
- b Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research , University of Bedfordshire , Bedford , UK
| | - Laura H Charalambous
- b Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research , University of Bedfordshire , Bedford , UK
| | - Iain M Fletcher
- b Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research , University of Bedfordshire , Bedford , UK
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Coughlan D, Taylor MJD, Jackson J, Ward N, Beardsley C. Physical Characteristics of Youth Elite Golfers and Their Relationship With Driver Clubhead Speed. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 34:212-217. [PMID: 29065053 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Coughlan, D, Taylor, M, Jackson, J, Ward, N, and Beardsley, C. Physical characteristics of youth elite golfers and their relationship with driver clubhead speed. J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 212-217, 2020-Increased clubhead speed (CHS) has a strong relationship with golf performance and is related to athletic qualities in adult golfers. Research investigating the youth golfer is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between strength and power on CHS in youth golfers. A correlational design was used to assess relationships between CHS and anthropometric, strength, and power measurements. Thirty-six male and 33 female golfers aged 13-17 took part in this study. Male golfers showed significant relationships between CHS and handicap (HCP) (r = -0.50), seated medicine ball throw to the left (SMBTL) (r = 0.67), and right (SMBTR) (r = 0.61), rotational medicine ball throw to the left (RMBTL) (r = 0.71), and right RMBTR (r = 0.62). Female golfers showed significant relationships between CHS and HCP (r = -0.52), mass (r = 0.72), countermovement jump power (r = 0.60), RMBTL (r = 0.57), RMBTR (r = 0.56). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis identified 77% of the variance in CHS could be explained through SMBTL and RMBTL in males. In females, 84% of the variance in CHS could be explained through mass, RMBTR, and height. This study demonstrated relationships between CHS and body mass and upper-, lower-, and full-body concentric dominant power exercises. This study could aid in the development of training interventions for youth golfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Coughlan
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J D Taylor
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Jackson
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Ward
- Robert Maloff Center of Excellence, Barton Health, South Lake Tahoe, California; and
| | - Chris Beardsley
- Strength and Conditioning Research Limited, London, United Kingdom
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Read PJ, Bishop C, Brazier J, Turner AN. Performance Modeling: A System-Based Approach to Exercise Selection. Strength Cond J 2016. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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