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Bernardi C, Nogueira L, Amoretti N, Carle GF, Alunni V. Comparison of false starts by saw created on flesh and dry bones; as close as possible to the real conditions of criminal dismemberment. Int J Legal Med 2024:10.1007/s00414-024-03256-6. [PMID: 38763927 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
In most experimental protocols, false starts are produced on dry bones obtained through a maceration process for anthropological analyses, for the sake of reproducibility. Although this allows for controlled experimental conditions, the absence of soft parts when experimentally creating false starts does not correspond to the real conditions of criminal dismemberment. The main objective of this study was to determine if the results of experimental work on the characteristics of false starts were valid under medico-legal conditions. In this experimental study, a hand saw (rip saw, wavy set, TPI 32) was used. 240 false starts were produced on human and pig bones. Randomly, the false starts were either produced on a dry bone or on a flesh bone. The criteria for microscopic analysis included the shape of the walls, the shape and visibility of striae on the floor, the shape of the profile, and the minimum width of the false start. On human bone, 100% of the false starts produced on a bone that had previously undergone a maceration process for anthropological analyses (dry bone) allowed the definition of all the blade characteristics. This was the case for 78.3% on bone in the presence of soft tissue (flesh bone). The striae on the floor of the false start are in some cases less visible with flesh bones, implying that it may be more difficult to conclude on the characteristics of a saw under medico-legal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bernardi
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut Universitaire d'Anthropologie Médico-Légale, Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, Nice cedex 2, 06107, France.
- UMR E4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Nice Sophia- Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
| | - Luísa Nogueira
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut Universitaire d'Anthropologie Médico-Légale, Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, Nice cedex 2, 06107, France
| | - Nicolas Amoretti
- Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, 30 Voie Romaine, Nice, 06000, France
- Laboratoire de Médecine Moléculaire, FRE CNRS 3472 Nice. iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d'Azur UMR7277 CNRS - UMR1091 INSERM, Nice, France
| | - Georges F Carle
- UMR E4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Nice Sophia- Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Véronique Alunni
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut Universitaire d'Anthropologie Médico-Légale, Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, Nice cedex 2, 06107, France
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2
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Potente S, Heinbuch S, Ramsthaler F, Schäfer N, Walle N, Schmidt P. "Scalping" in the context of criminal dismemberment and mutilation-a case report and review of the literature. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023; 19:595-604. [PMID: 36735188 PMCID: PMC10752840 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on a case of criminal dismemberment and attempted scalping of a homicide victim with a "Mohawk" haircut. Case findings are presented. A review of the literature was performed for scalping in its historical and cultural context and particularly in criminal dismemberment and mutilation: Historically, scalping was prevalent in many ancient cultures around the world, where scalps were taken as trophies or "proof of kill", much like shrunken heads, trophy skulls, and other artefacts. Scalping was particularly widespread in Northern America in the context of tribal warfare, both before and after colonization. The iconic "Mohawk" haircut is closely linked with scalping, as it was meant to taunt the enemy. In the modern forensic context, scalping constitutes a form of criminal mutilation. However, cases of criminal dismemberment and mutilation are rare in forensic casework. Our literature review revealed a low number of scalping in criminal dismemberment and mutilation cases. The documentation was overall poor. Positioning scalping within the classification of criminal mutilation and dismemberment was difficult. In literature, even though case numbers were small, the majority of "textbook scalping" cases were German. The presented case, to our best knowledge, is the first modern-day photo-documented case of (attempted) scalping, even more so of a person wearing a "Mohawk".
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Potente
- Department of Legal Medicine, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Strasse, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Sara Heinbuch
- Department of Legal Medicine, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Strasse, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Frank Ramsthaler
- Department of Legal Medicine, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Strasse, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Nadine Schäfer
- Department of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Strasse, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Nadja Walle
- Department of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Strasse, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Peter Schmidt
- Department of Legal Medicine, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Strasse, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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3
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Brownlow L, Young S, Fernández-Grandon M, Hopkins RJ. Case closed - Wrappings and encasement delays and reduces fly presence on body parts. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 342:111542. [PMID: 36566613 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Homicide, particularly where a body has been concealed, is uniquely challenging for investigators to estimate the time of occurrence due to the methods employed by perpetrators to hide the body or its constituent parts from detection. The regularity of necrophagous insect lifecycles to determine minimum post-mortem interval (minPMI) is widely employed but remains an unreliable technique if used without a clear understanding of the factors that affect insect access and oviposition behaviour to concealed remains. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wrapping body parts on fly colonisation and implications for minPMI calculations. Field studies were carried out using four treatments of pork (as surrogate body parts), in five replicates, one unwrapped, the other three wrapped in either a black plastic sack, a small-zipped wash bag (to simulate a suitcase), or a plastic sack further placed in a wash bag. Over a 48-h period all the methods of wrapping significantly disrupted the host-finding process of blowflies to dismembered carcasses, with a delay of initial contact and oviposition of 30+h (dependant on wrapping) and even more in wet conditions (48+ h). Egg numbers were also reduced by as much as 99.1% on wrapped samples compared to unwrapped. These new findings highlight the importance of applying adjustments to minPMI calculations when encountering wrapped remains. Advances in the accuracy of minPMI calculations will prevent the waste of valuable police time and resources and better focus the search for witnesses and suspects in homicide investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Brownlow
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Central Ave. Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Stephen Young
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Medway, Central Ave. Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Mandela Fernández-Grandon
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Medway, Central Ave. Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Richard J Hopkins
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Medway, Central Ave. Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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4
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Development and implementation of forensic anthropology in Swedish forensic practice. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/sjfs-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents the ongoing development of forensic anthropology in Sweden. We discuss the background of the discipline, its application, as well as its current and potential development in Swedish forensic practice. Collaboration with osteoarchaeologists in skeletal forensic cases has a long tradition in Sweden. Analyses of skeletal remains are performed ad-hoc, in contrast to analyses of fleshed human remains. While several law enforcement employees are educated in forensic anthropology and/or osteoarchaeology, they are not employed in these fields, and regional variations are evident. Internationally, forensic anthropology has become an autonomous forensic discipline over the past decades, requiring skills beyond mere skeletal analysis. To keep on a par with international standards, it may be time to revisit the concept of forensic anthropology in Sweden. Despite the limited presence of supporting organisational structures and systems, forensic anthropological and hard-tissue-reliant physico-chemical analyses have proven valuable in Swedish forensic practice, especially in cases of personal identification, trauma analysis and search efforts. We argue that Sweden could benefit from making qualified forensic anthropology expertise available in all law enforcement regions, starting to implement and promote forensic anthropology in routine forensic casework and formalising the role of forensic anthropology practitioners.
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5
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Overkilling: a specific type of homicide – constructing the definition: injuries and victim. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2022; 59:102147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Zaitsu W. Criminal mutilation homicides in Japan: Corpse dismemberment and disposal pattern types, and offender characteristics. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:2367-2375. [PMID: 35968713 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the offender characteristics of criminal mutilation homicides in Japan for offender profiling. The current sample (N = 108) showed that the most typical offender was a male, in his 30s (age that observed most often), one-person, and acquainted with the victim. This study highlighted that the cases of mutilation homicide differed in comparison with the regular homicide group in terms of the victim-offender (VO) relationship and the number of offenders. Furthermore, the multiple correspondence analysis classified mutilation homicides into four behavioral pattern types based on two dimensions (level of "efforts of corpse dismemberment" and "efforts of corpse disposal"). In the first type "high evidence destruction effort (n = 29)", having the greatest efforts to destroy evidence, all offenders were men. The rates of no VO relationship and serial murders were higher. In the second type "convenient disposal (n = 32)", likely to abandon victim body in home and trash, the rate of female offenders who assaulted family members was statistically significantly higher among the four types. In the third type "high geographic distance (n = 23)", traveling long distances for corpse disposal, the percentage of cases by co-offenders was likely to be higher than in the other types. Lastly, the offenders in "low evidence destruction effort (n = 24)" were likely to kill other acquaintances and have the least efforts for corpse dismemberment and disposal. From these results, the criminal profilers can estimate mutilation homicide offenders on the basis of efforts of corpse dismemberment and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Zaitsu
- Department of Psychological Counselling, Faculty of Psychology, Mejiro University, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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The Role of Forensic Investigation in an Unusual Case of Patricide by a Schizophrenic Woman Involving Dismemberment of a Decomposed Body. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071577. [PMID: 35885483 PMCID: PMC9320108 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dismemberment is characterized by the fragmentation of the body into anatomical sections. It can occur because of a murder, suicide, or accident. In the literature, there are no cases of patricide perpetrated by a daughter in which the offender performed the dismemberment. However, in this paper, we reported a case of patricide by a schizophrenic daughter that was not treated with antipsychotic therapy. Post-mortem Computed Tomography (PMCT), autopsy, and histological examinations were performed. The soft tissues were removed through maceration techniques and chemical treatment. An analysis was performed to study the bone margins and clarify the weapon and manner of death. This investigation, which used radiological and histological studies, helped to assess the vitality of the injuries. The purpose of the study is to discover the weapon used, the cause, and the manner of death, with particular interest in this case due to the dismemberment. Moreover, we emphasize the correlation between patricide, dismemberment, and a lack of antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenia.
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8
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Beauregard E, Chopin J, Darjee R. Foreign Object Insertion in Sexual Homicide: A New Perspective. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP8350-NP8368. [PMID: 33261532 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520976209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Foreign object insertion (FOI) is considered as an unusual behavior and has been defined as the involuntary insertion of any object, by another individual, into any orifice of the victim. Although there is some research on the prevalence and nature of FOI in sexual homicides, there is very little on the characteristics of cases where FOI occurs, and no previous research has compared cases with and without FOI. Given the lack of research on FOI in general and the dissemination of untested ideas regarding the correlates of this behavior specifically, the current study aims to shine new light on sexual homicide cases involving FOI by examining the offender, victim, and crime characteristics associated with FOI. Using a sample of 662 cases of sexual homicide, chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to compare cases with and without FOI. Results showed that offenders who experienced sexual dysfunction and victims who used alcohol/drugs prior to the crime were more likely to be involved in cases with FOI. Cases where victims were beaten, vaginal/anal fisting acts were perpetrated, and mutilation of genitals were observed, were more likely to show evidence of FOI. Finally, postmortem sexual activities and the use of strategies by offenders to avoid police detection were also more likely to occur in sexual homicide cases characterized by FOI. These findings are discussed in light of the literature on sexual homicide, the vulnerability of victims, and the manifestation of sadism. Practical implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajan Darjee
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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9
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Almond L, Pell C, McManus M. Body Part Removal: A Thematic Exploration of U.K. Homicide Offenses. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP6370-NP6389. [PMID: 30484354 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518814268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Body part removal (BPR) is a rare homicide phenomena, which emerges as a result of a variety of motives. Fifty-eight BPR U.K. homicide cases were analyzed. Findings indicated key characteristics within BPR murder offenses, with most offenders males; aged around 31 years; knew their victims; with presence of alcohol, drugs, and mental health issues; and more than two thirds of the sample had previous convictions, more than 50% for theft. Offense behaviors showed "multiple wounds" and "victim naked" as highest frequency, with the head as the most frequently removed body part. Smallest space analysis (SSA) identified two behavioral themes (expressive and instrumental) with 62.1% of cases classified as one of these. The study has provided the largest U.K. sample of BPR homicide, furthering understanding this type of offense and the offenders who commit it.
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10
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Guggenheimer D, Caman S, Sturup J, Thiblin I, Zilg B. Criminal mutilation in Sweden from 1991 to 2017. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:1788-1796. [PMID: 33955549 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We identified 43 cases of mutilation homicides in a nationwide population-based study in Sweden during the period of 1991-2017. 70% of cases were classified as defensive mutilations where the main motive was disposal of the body, while 30% were classified as offensive, that is, due to an expression of strong aggression, necro-/sexual sadism, or psychiatric illness. In comparison with a previous study covering mutilation homicides in Sweden between 1961 and 1990, we noted an increase in incidence. The percentage of cases involving mutilation had increased from 0.5% of all homicides in the 1960s to 2.4% in the 2010s. The most common cause of death was sharp force, but in 28% of the cases, the cause of death could not be determined. The clearance rate in cases of mutilation homicide was 67%, and in a large majority of the cases, the offender was known to the victim. With regards to gender women made up 44% of the victims, whilst men constituted 56% of the victims and a total of 95% of the offenders. Half of the offenders had a personality disorder, however, only 13% were sentenced to forensic psychiatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Guggenheimer
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Shilan Caman
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Joakim Sturup
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,National Police Authority, Stockholm Police Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Thiblin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Forensic Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brita Zilg
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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11
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Kamaluddin MR, Mahat NA, Mat Saat GA, Othman A, Anthony IL, Kumar S, Wahab S, Meyappan S, Rathakrishnan B, Ibrahim F. The Psychology of Murder Concealment Acts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063113. [PMID: 33803514 PMCID: PMC8002933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The escalating trend of murder victim concealment worldwide appears worrying, and literature does not reveal any specific study focusing on victim concealment amongst convicted male Malaysian murderers. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the psychological traits that may underlie the act of murder concealment in Malaysia via mixed method approaches. Male murderers (n = 71) from 11 prisons were selected via purposive sampling technique. In the quantitative analysis, a cross-sectional study design using the validated questionnaire was used. The questionnaire contained murder concealment variables and four Malay validated psychometric instruments measuring: personality traits, self-control, aggression, and cognitive distortion. The independent sample t-tests revealed the significantly higher level of anger in murderers who did not commit concealment acts (8.55 ± 2.85, p < 0.05) when compared with those who did so (6.40 ± 2.64). Meanwhile, the Kruskal–Wallis H test revealed that anger and the personality trait of aggressiveness-hostility significantly varied across the different groups of murder concealment acts (p < 0.05). The qualitative data obtained via the in-depth interviews revealed two important themes for the murderers to commit murder concealment acts: (1) fear of discovery and punishment and (2) blaming others. These findings discussed from the perspectives of the murderers within the context of criminology and psychology may provide the first ever insight into the murder concealment acts in Malaysia that can benefit the relevant authorities for crime prevention and investigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.R.K.); (N.A.M.); Tel.: +60-389213923 (ext. 8923) (M.R.K.); +60-75610386 (ext. 0386) (N.A.M.); Fax: +60-389213541 (M.R.K.); +60-75566162 (N.A.M.)
| | - Naji Arafat Mahat
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.R.K.); (N.A.M.); Tel.: +60-389213923 (ext. 8923) (M.R.K.); +60-75610386 (ext. 0386) (N.A.M.); Fax: +60-389213541 (M.R.K.); +60-75566162 (N.A.M.)
| | - Geshina Ayu Mat Saat
- Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Azizah Othman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Ian Lloyd Anthony
- Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta, Ipoh 30000, Malaysia;
| | - Sowmya Kumar
- Criminology Department, Karunya University, Coimbatore 641114, India;
| | - Suzaily Wahab
- Psychiatry Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysian Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Saravanan Meyappan
- Kuala Lumpur Magistrates Court (Criminal Division), Kuala Lumpur 50480, Malaysia;
| | - Balan Rathakrishnan
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia;
| | - Fauziah Ibrahim
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
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12
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Stefanska EB, Higgs T, Carter AJ, Beech AR. "We Boil at Different Degrees": Factors Associated With Severity of Attack in Sexual Killing. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:2409-2429. [PMID: 29502505 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518758333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Degree of injury, as measured by the Homicide Injury Scale (HIS), was examined to advance understanding of the dynamics of sexual killing. A total of 350 nonserial, male sexual killers were included, and the different ways that the sexual element of their offenses and the act of killing were connected was accounted for by determining that cases were either directly sexual (the sexual element and killing were closely bound), or indirectly sexual (killing was not a source of sexual stimulation). The two groups, direct and indirect sexual killers, were each subjected to multiple linear regression analyses to examine the group-specific relationship between level of injury and predictor variables previously found to be associated with increased severity of attack. No differences in the mean total HIS scores between the indirect and the direct cases were found, suggesting a comparable emotional intensity between the groups. However, given that the groups differed in terms of the functional role of fatal violence, severity of attack could not be sufficiently explained as driven by anger. In line with this hypothesis, different predictors appeared to be associated with increased degree of injury sustained by victims of indirect compared with direct sexual killers. As such, situational components appear to play a role in the behavior of indirect sexual killers, whereas the behavior of direct perpetrators tends to be linked with the enactment of existing deviant fantasies. The role of anger in sexual homicide is discussed further, and overall, it is argued that irrespective of whether violence was initially driven by anger, evidence of sexual arousal to severe violence must be scrutinized within sexual homicide research as well as in psycholegal contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam J Carter
- Her Majesty's Prison and Probation Service, London, UK
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13
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Gawliński A. Perpetrators' actions after a murder, in particular handling the corpse to evade criminal responsibility - Discussion of study findings. J Forensic Leg Med 2020; 77:102099. [PMID: 33338799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2020.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Perpetrators behave in a variety of ways after the crime. This study analyses murderer's actions after the crime, in particular their handling of the victim's corpse in order to evade criminal responsibility. The study material included 500 criminal cases (Art. 148 of the Penal Code). The study group included 604 perpetrators and 521 victims. Handling victims' bodies took place in 123 cases; the bodies were disposed of in a simple way in 68 cases, in complex ways - in 51 (the body was not found in 2 cases), failed attempts at disposing of the body - in 3, faked suicide - only in 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Gawliński
- Department of Criminology and Criminalistics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Obitza 1, 10-725, Olsztyn, Poland.
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14
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Menschel M, Pokines JT, Reinecke G. Correlation between saw blade width and kerf width. J Forensic Sci 2020; 66:25-43. [PMID: 32956530 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most studies of saw marks have focused on morphological characteristics and their utility in identifying saws suspected to have been utilized in cases of criminal dismemberment. The present study examined the extent to which metric analysis may be used to correlate saw blade measurements with minimum kerf widths (MKWs). A sample of 56 partially defleshed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) long bones was utilized as proxy for human remains. The long bones were cut using a variety of commercially available saws, including 11 manual-powered and 5 mechanical-powered saws. A total of 496 false start kerfs (FSKs) were created. Two experiments were performed, with the first test examining the MKWs of FSKs produced on specimens that were restrained using a bench vise, while the second test analyzed the MKWs of FSKs produced on minimally restrained specimens. Statistical analysis using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) indicated a positive relationship between saw blade width (mm) and MKW, with blade width (p < 0.001) and the overall difference between the mechanical- and manual-powered saws (p = 0.029) tested, reaching statistical significance. A comparison of MKWs produced using manual-powered saws on restrained and minimally restrained bones suggests that restraint condition (p = 0.009) has a statistically significant effect. In comparisons of MKWs to blade widths, the average ratio for mechanical-powered saws is 18.7% greater than the average ratio for manual-powered saws. While the mode of the ratios was 1.42, thus supporting the general rule that MKW does not exceed 1.5 times blade width, multiple individual ratios did surpass 1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Menschel
- Forensic Anthropology Program, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James T Pokines
- Forensic Anthropology Program, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts Office of Chief Medical Examiner, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary Reinecke
- Forensic Anthropology Program, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Oostland M, Brecht M. Kin-Avoidance in Cannibalistic Homicide. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2161. [PMID: 32982882 PMCID: PMC7488386 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannibalism in the animal kingdom is widespread and well characterized, whereas the occurrence of human cannibalism has been controversial. Evidence points to cannibalism in aboriginal societies, prehistory, and the closely related chimpanzees. We assembled a non-comprehensive list (121 offenders, ~631 victims) of cannibalistic homicides in modern societies (since 1900) through internet-searches, publications, and expert questioning. Cannibalistic homicides were exceedingly rare, and often sex-related. Cannibalistic offenders were mainly men and older than offenders of non-cannibalistic homicides, whereas victims were comparatively young. Cannibalistic offenders typically killed manually (stabbing, strangulating, and beating) rather than using a gun. Furthermore, they killed more strangers and fewer intimates than conventional offenders. Human cannibals, similar to cannibalism in other species, killed and ate conspecifics, occasionally vomited and only rarely (2.5% of victims) ate kin. Interestingly, cannibalistic offenders who killed their blood relatives had more severe mental problems than non-kin-cannibals. We conclude that cannibalistic homicides have a unique pattern of murder methods, offenders, and victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Oostland
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Michael Brecht
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Brecht,
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Corpse dismemberment: A case series. Solving the puzzle through an integrated multidisciplinary approach. J Forensic Leg Med 2020; 74:102005. [PMID: 33012308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2020.102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The finding of corpse parts poses several challenges for the forensic pathologist presenting implications for identification, diagnosis of death and determination of wounds vitality. Further interpretative difficulties in cases of cadaveric dismemberment derive from the scarcity of tanatochronological parameters useful to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI) and the absence of uniform investigative protocols in the different centres of forensic pathology. The present study proposes an investigation protocol for the cadaveric dismemberment through the discussion of a case series. The study group consisted of cases in which the dismemberment was performed after the murder. For all cases, a study protocol based on crime scene investigation, post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT), autopsy, toxicological, histological, immunohistochemical and genetic investigations was implemented. In particular, the standardised use of radiographic study before the autopsy allows all to have information that can guide the forensic pathologist during the autopsy. The use of immunohistochemistry allows an assessment of the vitality of the lesions possibly involved in the determinism of death, as well as of the surfaces of dismemberment, representing a tool of considerable utility for forensic purposes. The genetic investigations allow the identification of the victims, while the toxicological ones highlight the possible abuse of substances. The implemented protocol presents a demonstrated usefulness in improving diagnostic accuracy in corpse dismemberment cases.
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Khoshnood A, Ohlsson H, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Deadly violence in Sweden: Profiling offenders through a latent class analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2020; 71:101603. [PMID: 32768102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweden has in recent years witnessed increasing rates of firearm-related violence and homicide, which has contributed to increased rates of deadly violence. Attempts to profile offenders committing such crimes are of major importance, because such efforts may contribute to better preventive measures. We therefore aimed to study the characteristics of individuals convicted and/or suspected of homicide, attempted homicide, preparation to commit homicide as well as conspiration to commit homicide (for simplicity called homicide+) in Sweden. METHODS By using information from the Swedish Crime Register and the Swedish Criminal Suspect Register, individuals being 15-60 years old and convicted and/or suspected of homicide+ between 2000 and 2015 were included in the study. Using these registers and also other population and health care registers, information on previous criminality, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders were added to the Latent Class Analysis (LCA) that was used to identify latent classes of individuals convicted and/or suspected for homicide+. In addition, several individual variables were added for validation purposes. RESULTS A total of 14,466 individuals were included in the analysis. The majority were male (n = 12,802; 88.5%) and Swedish-born with Swedish-born parents (n = 8247; 57.0%). The LCA identified three classes where Conviction Class (CC) contained mostly convicted individuals whereas Mixed Class A (MCA) and Mixed Class B (MCB) contained almost equal rates of both convicted and suspected individuals. The CC was characterized by individuals with low rates of previous criminality, substance abuse and psychiatric disorders. The MCA and the MCB were characterized by individuals with higher rates of previous criminality, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders as well as lower education and worse economy in comparison with the CC. CONCLUSION While MCA and MCB may be constituted by "traditional" criminals often well known by the police and/or the social authorities, the CC was mainly constituted by convicted offenders who may more easily escape the radar of the authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Khoshnood
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Ohlsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Homicide and concealment of the corpse. Autopsy case series and review of the literature. Int J Legal Med 2020; 135:193-205. [PMID: 32474664 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The concealment of the body following a homicide undermines different moments of the forensic and medico-legal investigations. The aim of the present study is to provide an overview of the literature and the forensic casuistry of the Institute of Legal Medicine of Padova for analyzing and discussing diverse methodological approaches for the forensic pathologist dealing with covered-up homicides. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature review, updated until September 2019, was performed, and a literature pool of forensic cases was built. In-house cases were included by conducting a retrospective analysis of the forensic caseworks of Padova of the last 20 years. Data regarding epidemiology, methodology of assessment, methods of concealment, and answers to medico-legal issues were extracted for both data sets. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Seventy-eight papers were included in the literature review (78.2% being case reports or case series, 17% retrospective studies, and 6% experimental studies or reviews). Literature and in-house data sets consisted of 145 and 13 cases, respectively. Death scene investigation, radiology, toxicology, and additional analyses were performed in 20-54% of literature and 62-77% of in-house cases. Cover-up by multiple methods prevailed. Death was caused by head trauma in about 40% of cases (both data sets), strangulation in 21% of literature, and 7% of in-house cases, and was undetermined in 17% of literature and 7% of in-house cases. CONCLUSIONS The methodology of ascertainment should be case-specific and based on a multidisciplinary and multimodal evaluation of all data, including those gained through novel radiological and/or analytical techniques.
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Petreca VG, Burgess AW, Stone MH, Brucato G. Dismemberment and Mutilation: A Data‐Driven Exploration of Patterns, Motives, and Styles. J Forensic Sci 2020; 65:888-896. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor G. Petreca
- William F. Connell School of Nursing Boston College Maloney Hall Chestnut Hill 02467 MA USA
| | - Ann W. Burgess
- William F. Connell School of Nursing Boston College Maloney Hall Chestnut Hill 02467 MA USA
| | - Michael H. Stone
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons 630 W 168th St New York 10032 NY USA
| | - Gary Brucato
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons 630 W 168th St New York 10032 NY USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute 1051 Riverside Dr New York 10032 NY USA
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20
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Dunn A, Mackenzie SC. Commentary on: Pettigrew M. Corpse dismemberment and a necrofetishist. J Forensic Sci 2019;64(3):934–7. J Forensic Sci 2019; 64:1583. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbie Dunn
- University of Dundee School of Medicine Dundee U.K
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21
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Chan HCO, Li F. Victim body mutilation in sexual homicides: Exploring Chinese sexual homicide cases. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2019; 37:589-601. [PMID: 31393051 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Little exists beyond medicolegal case reports on victim mutilation homicides, much less on those occurring in the context of sexual homicides. As limited information is available on sexual homicides that occurred in China, this study aims to explore the offending characteristics of sexual homicide offenders (SHOs) who mutilated their victims and to compare their modus operandi with non-mutilation sexual murderers. The offender, victim, and offense characteristics of 82 sexual homicide cases (i.e., 31 mutilation and 47 non-mutilation cases; 1988-2018), derived from police data of three regions and published case reports, were examined. In addition to the descriptive offender and victim characteristics of Chinese SHOs who performed victim body mutilation, findings indicate that offenders who mutilated their victims were more likely than those who did not mutilate the victim to have a previous sexual offense conviction. They were motivated primarily by sex and least motivated by financial gain. Victim abduction prior to the offense was more frequently reported in non-mutilation sexual murders. These findings may offer some insights for police who need to prioritize their investigative strategies in cases of sexual homicide with victim mutilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Choon Oliver Chan
- Teaching Laboratory for Forensics and Criminology, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR
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22
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Criminal corpse dismemberment in Hamburg, Germany from 1959 to 2016. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 300:145-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Sea J, Beauregard E. Mutilation in Korean Homicide: An Exploratory Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:2863-2877. [PMID: 27530655 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516663898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutilation is a rare and unusual act performed on a victim, especially in cases of homicide. Knowledge on mutilation homicide is scarce as the base rate of this type of homicide is very low. Moreover, previous studies examining this specific criminal behavior have been mainly descriptive, neglecting to look at other factors related to the act of mutilation. Furthermore, depending on the cultural context and country of origin, the infliction of mutilation pre-, per-, or post-homicide translates into different meanings. Therefore, it is important to examine mutilation homicide in the context of non-Western countries. Using crime and forensic examination reports subjected to forensic examination and convicted for a homicide between 1995 and 2011 (N = 1,200) in Korea, the rate of mutilation homicide was estimated. Based on the 65 cases (5.4%) identified, information on the offenses and offenders were described. Moreover, using a series of bivariate analyses, the current study compared cases of mutilation homicides in Korea with other countries. Findings revealed interesting differences and similarities between mutilation homicide cases from Korea and the other countries. For instance, offender-victim relationship, victim's gender, and criminal history were significantly different from the comparison groups. In addition, compared with Korea, mutilation homicide cases were significantly more likely to involve an accomplice in Finland, suggesting the need to carry the body over a long distance. Investigators and researchers need to understand the cultural context in which these acts are committed as the infliction of mutilation may serve different purposes across different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghan Sea
- 1 Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Beauregard
- 1 Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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24
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Ferguson C, Pooley K. Australian no-body homicides: Exploring common features of solved cases. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 66:70-78. [PMID: 31228773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Offenders successfully disposing of a homicide victim's body creates challenges to the criminal justice process, yet no research literature exists on no-body homicide cases. We explored 25 solved homicides in Australia where no part of the victim's body was recovered. Coroners' findings, case law, and media reports from 1983 to 2017 were examined qualitatively and descriptively. Features of the cases differed based on whether the homicide was related to organized crime, serial sexual offences, or domestic violence. Challenges posed by each type of case are discussed and opportunities for solving these cases are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Ferguson
- School of Justice, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
| | - Kamarah Pooley
- School of Justice, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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25
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Zindler K, Grellner W. Homicide and canicide with analogous killing pattern and agonal decapitation. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 296:53-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Bernardi C, Nogueira L, Alunni V, Quatrehomme G. Analysis of false start bone lesions produced by an electrical oscillating autopsy saw. Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:543-551. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Adams BJ, Rainwater CW, Yim A, Alesbury HS. A Retrospective Study of Intentional Body Dismemberment in New York City: 1996–2017. J Forensic Sci 2019; 64:1012-1016. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Adams
- Forensic Anthropology Unit Office of Chief Medical Examiner 520 First Avenue New York NY 10016
| | - Christopher W. Rainwater
- Forensic Anthropology Unit Office of Chief Medical Examiner 520 First Avenue New York NY 10016
- Department of Anthropology Center for the Study of Human Origins New York University 25 Waverly Place New York NY 10003
| | - An‐Di Yim
- Department of Anthropology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801
| | - Helen S. Alesbury
- Forensic Operations Office of Chief Medical Examiner 421 East 26th Street New York NY 10016
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28
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Pettigrew M. Corpse Dismemberment and a Necrofetishist. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:934-937. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pettigrew
- Department of Social Sciences Leeds Beckett University City Campus, Calverley Building Leeds LS1 3HE U.K
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29
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Zerbo S, Lanzarone A, Procaccianti P, Ventura Spagnolo E, Argo A. Homicide with post mortem dismemberment of the victim with previous amputation of right lower limb: Case report and review of the literature. Med Leg J 2018; 86:213-215. [PMID: 29799311 DOI: 10.1177/0025817218775575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The dismemberment of a corpse is comparatively rare in forensic medicine and usually performed with different types of sharp tools. The victim is always the victim of a homicide. Dismemberment usually occurs where the killing took place without prior planning by the perpetrator. We report a case of homicide with post mortem mutilation of the victim's body with previous amputation of right lower limb in which the perpetrator was not identified. At autopsy, several fractures were detected on the cranial vault, and the cause of death was due to skull and brain injuries from multiple blunt force traumas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zerbo
- Department of Health Promotion, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Lanzarone
- Department of Health Promotion, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - P Procaccianti
- Department of Health Promotion, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Ventura Spagnolo
- Department of Health Promotion, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Argo
- Department of Health Promotion, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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30
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Berger JM, Pokines JT, Moore TL. Analysis of Class Characteristics of Reciprocating Saws,. J Forensic Sci 2018; 63:1661-1672. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Berger
- Department of Anthropology; University of South Florida; 4202 East Fowler Avenue, SOC 107 Tampa FL 33620
| | - James T. Pokines
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Boston University School of Medicine; 72 East Concord Street Boston MA 02118
- Massachusetts Office of Chief Medical Examiner; 720 Albany Street Boston MA 02118
| | - Tara L. Moore
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Boston University School of Medicine; 72 East Concord Street Boston MA 02118
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32
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Porta D, Amadasi A, Cappella A, Mazzarelli D, Magli F, Gibelli D, Rizzi A, Picozzi M, Gentilomo A, Cattaneo C. Dismemberment and disarticulation: A forensic anthropological approach. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; 38:50-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Robino C, Pazzi M, Di Vella G, Martinelli D, Mazzola L, Ricci U, Testi R, Vincenti M. Evaluation of DNA typing as a positive identification method for soft and hard tissues immersed in strong acids. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Errance meurtrière avec cannibalisme au cours d’une bouffée parananoïde mystique. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Rashid AF, Aggarwal AD, Aggarwal OP, Kaur B. Accidental decapitation – An urban legend turned true. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejfs.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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36
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Dogan KH, Demirci S, Deniz I, Erkol Z. Decapitation and Dismemberment of the Corpse: A Matricide Case. J Forensic Sci 2010; 55:542-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Abstract
We report a case of an accidental decapitation of an agriculture worker in a field. The scene investigation revealed that the worker had loosely tied a scarf tied over his face in an attempt to diminish his exposure to barley dust, to which he was allergic, while distributing the barley loads with a shovel upon a trailer. The trailer was simultaneously being loaded by a helix elevator machine and its rotating shaft suddenly caught the victim's scarf and pulled it down to the victim's neck. The rotating motion immediately tightened the scarf around the neck resulting in hanging/strangulation noose that, by continued tightening, caused decapitation of the victim. The victim's body was found on the ground by the trailer and the victim's head was discovered in the barley load in the trailer. Examination revealed that the neck was severed at the level of the second and third cervical vertebrae.
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38
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Aggrawal A. A new classification of necrophilia. J Forensic Leg Med 2009; 16:316-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2008.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Häkkänen-Nyholm H, Weizmann-Henelius G, Salenius S, Lindberg N, Repo-Tiihonen E. Homicides with Mutilation of the Victim’s Body. J Forensic Sci 2009; 54:933-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Konopka T, Strona M, Bolechała F, Kunz J. Corpse dismemberment in the material collected by the Department of Forensic Medicine, Cracow, Poland. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2007; 9:1-13. [PMID: 17157050 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2006.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present 23 cases of dismembered bodies examined by the Cracow Department of Forensic Medicine in 1968-2005 period. Presented material includes 17 instances of defensive mutilation, three instances of offensive mutilation and two cases when dismemberment (decapitation) was a direct cause of death. One case is hard to classified, the perpetrator dissected free skin from the all torso. Analysis of all presented cases and other publications concentrating on the problem of dismemberment gave us the possibility to perform some conclusions. Apart from rare cases of necrophilia, the victim of dismemberment is always a victim of homicide. Homicides ending with corpse dismemberment are most commonly committed by a person close to, or at least acquainted with the victim and they are performed at the site of homicide, generally in the place inhabited by the victim, the perpetrator or shared by both. Such instances are generally not planned by the perpetrator and rarely serial in character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Konopka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University, ul. Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
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41
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Abstract
The authors describe 3 cases of dismemberment. Numerous methods of hiding a body and thus erasing proof of murder have been devised. Those most frequently described in the literature include: burial of the body in an unusual or impervious place such as a wood, grotto or mountain; charring the body by wrapping it in a tire, for example, to fuel the fire until all traces of the crime have been erased and identification of the victim is difficult; and dropping the weighted-down body in the open sea or in a well in the hope that it will never be found. Dismemberment is in reality a relatively rare method whereby, after killing the victim, the murderer uses a very sharp cutting weapon (a saw, axe, etc.) to sever the limbs and cut the body into small pieces. The operation is generally carried out immediately after the crime, although more rarely a long time may pass between the 2 events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Di Nunno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pedagogiche, Psicologiche e Didattiche, Università degli Studi di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.
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Abstract
A case of corpse dismemberment into 850 fragments was investigated at the Cracow Department of Forensic Medicine. The perpetrator employed various tools to divide the body into fragments and subsequently boiled the pieces to reduce their volume. The thus-prepared body decreased its volume to 30 kg. Subsequently, the perpetrator placed the body fragments in 2 large pots, which were then positioned in the space under the stairs and walled in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Konopka
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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Hilal A, Cekin N, Arslan M. An act of homicide and what it brings to mind: a case presentation. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2006; 8:293-6. [PMID: 16963302 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There are many views and studies as to the motive, manner, and victim of homicide, which is one of the severest forms of violence. The case presented here is that of a man who was strangled with a nylon ligature by his prison cellmate who later stabbed his victim's eyes with a piece of wood and a nail and slashed his face. The study is presented with respect to how the murder was committed and how the defendant was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Hilal
- Cukurova University, Legal medicine, 01330 Adana, Turkey.
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Türk EE, Püschel K, Tsokos M. Features characteristic of homicide in cases of complete decapitation. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2004; 25:83-6. [PMID: 15075697 DOI: 10.1097/01.paf.0000113921.06940.1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Four cases of complete decapitation connected to homicidal acts are presented. In 3 cases, decapitation was inflicted postmortem after killing the victim. The motives for decapitation were considered defensive, aggressive, and a possible combination of the 2 in one case each. In one case, decapitation was a vital injury and accounted for death. In this case, an offensive motive for mutilation was suspected. The combination of death scene findings and autopsy results will in most cases distinguish between homicidal and other modes of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Türk
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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Kunz J, Gross A. Victim's scalp on the killer's head. An unusual case of criminal postmortem mutilation. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2001; 22:327-31. [PMID: 11563751 DOI: 10.1097/00000433-200109000-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A case of unusual postmortem mutilation of a victim's body is presented. After killing his father, the son decapitated his body and dissected the scalp free, forming a mask of the father's head and neck. The young man wore the scalp-mask over his own head to imitate the father. The motive of the murder was revenge, and the postmortem mutilation was the realization of the perpetrator's fantasies, symbolically representing a penalty for the reprehensible past life of his father.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kunz
- Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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