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Huang S, Faul L, Parikh N, LaBar KS, De Brigard F. Counterfactual thinking induces different neural patterns of memory modification in anxious individuals. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10630. [PMID: 38724623 PMCID: PMC11082200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Episodic counterfactual thinking (eCFT) is the process of mentally simulating alternate versions of experiences, which confers new phenomenological properties to the original memory and may be a useful therapeutic target for trait anxiety. However, it remains unclear how the neural representations of a memory change during eCFT. We hypothesized that eCFT-induced memory modification is associated with changes to the neural pattern of a memory primarily within the default mode network, moderated by dispositional anxiety levels. We tested this proposal by examining the representational dynamics of eCFT for 39 participants varying in trait anxiety. During eCFT, lateral parietal regions showed progressively more distinct activity patterns, whereas medial frontal neural activity patterns became more similar to those of the original memory. Neural pattern similarity in many default mode network regions was moderated by trait anxiety, where highly anxious individuals exhibited more generalized representations for upward eCFT (better counterfactual outcomes), but more distinct representations for downward eCFT (worse counterfactual outcomes). Our findings illustrate the efficacy of examining eCFT-based memory modification via neural pattern similarity, as well as the intricate interplay between trait anxiety and eCFT generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyang Huang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Leonard Faul
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Natasha Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kevin S LaBar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Felipe De Brigard
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Philosophy, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Justino FLC, Schelini PW. Cognições sobre Eventos Passados: uma Revisão da Literatura. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/rcp.v27n2.65585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El presente estudio tuvo como fin reunir y sintetizar resultados de múltiples artículos del área del pensamiento contrafactual, entre los años 2005 y 2015. Se obtuvieron 99 artículos en las bases de datos PsycInfo, Web of Science y SciELO, con la palabra clave “pensamiento contrafactual” y su correspondiente en lengua inglesa counterfactual thinking. La multiplicidad de publicaciones y áreas relacionadas se discuten haciendo énfasis en el rol del pensamiento contrafactual en distintas vertientes de procesos neurológicos, psicológicos y sociales.
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Peng J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Gong P, Han B, Sun H, Cao F, Miao D. A New Look at the Impact of Maximizing on Unhappiness: Two Competing Mediating Effects. Front Psychol 2018; 9:66. [PMID: 29467694 PMCID: PMC5808237 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to explore how the decision-making style of maximizing affects subjective well-being (SWB), which mainly focuses on the confirmation of the mediator role of regret and suppressing role of achievement motivation. A total of 402 Chinese undergraduate students participated in this study, in which they responded to the maximization, regret, and achievement motivation scales and SWB measures. Results suggested that maximizing significantly predicted SWB. Moreover, regret and achievement motivation (hope for success dimension) could completely mediate and suppress this effect. That is, two competing indirect pathways exist between maximizing and SWB. One pathway is through regret. Maximizing typically leads one to regret, which could negatively predict SWB. Alternatively, maximizing could lead to high levels of hope for success, which were positively correlated with SWB. Findings offered a complex method of thinking about the relationship between maximizing and SWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Peng
- Department of Psychology, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhang
- Xi’an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Pinjia Gong
- The Management Team of Graduates, Army Logistics University of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Han
- The Management Team of Graduates, Army Logistics University of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- The Management Team of Graduates, Army Logistics University of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Danmin Miao
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Stoeber J, Diedenhofen B. Multidimensional perfectionism and counterfactual thinking: Some think upward, others downward. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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