1
|
Xia P, Hou T, Jin H, Meng Y, Li J, Zhan F, Geng F, Li B. A critical review on inflammatory bowel diseases risk factors, dietary nutrients regulation and protective pathways based on gut microbiota during recent 5 years. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37096497 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2204147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) has become a worldwide problem. Intestinal flora plays an important role in the development and progression of IBDs. Various risk factors (psychology, living habits, dietary patterns, environment) influence the structure and composition of the gut microbiota and contribute to the susceptibility to IBDs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on risk factors regulating intestinal microenvironment which was contributed to IBDs. Five protective pathways related to intestinal flora were also discussed. We hope to provide systemic and comprehensive insights of IBDs treatment and to offer theoretical guidance for personalized patients with precision nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqi Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuchao Zhan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Geng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bos A, van Egmond M, Mebius R. The role of retinoic acid in the production of immunoglobulin A. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:562-572. [PMID: 35418672 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its derivative retinoic acid (RA) play important roles in the regulation of mucosal immunity. The effect of vitamin A metabolism on T lymphocyte immunity has been well documented, but its role in mucosal B lymphocyte regulation is less well described. Intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) is key in orchestrating a balanced gut microbiota composition. Here, we describe the contribution of RA to IgA class switching in tissues including the lamina propria, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and isolated lymphoid follicles. RA can either indirectly skew T cells or directly affect B cell differentiation. IgA levels in healthy individuals are under the control of the metabolism of vitamin A, providing a steady supply of RA. However, IgA levels are altered in inflammatory bowel disease patients, making control of the metabolism of vitamin A a potential therapeutic target. Thus, dietary vitamin A is a key player in regulating IgA production within the intestine, acting via multiple immunological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Bos
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina Mebius
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pu J, Chen D, Tian G, He J, Huang Z, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Luo Y, Yan H, Yu B. All-Trans Retinoic Acid Attenuates Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus-Induced Inflammation in IPEC-J2 Cells via Suppressing the RLRs/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:734171. [PMID: 35173714 PMCID: PMC8841732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.734171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection can cause transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE), especially in suckling piglets, resulting in a significant economic loss for the global pig industry. The pathogenesis of TGEV infection is closely related to intestinal inflammation. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has anti-inflammatory activity and immunomodulatory properties, but it is unclear whether ATRA can attenuate the inflammatory response induced by TGEV. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of ATRA on TGEV-induced inflammatory injury in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. The results showed that TGEV infection triggered inflammatory response and damaged epithelial barrier integrity in IPEC-J2 cells. However, ATRA attenuated TGEV-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. ATRA also significantly reversed the reduction of ZO-1 and Occludin protein levels induced by TGEV infection and maintained epithelial barrier integrity. Moreover, ATRA treatment significantly prevented the upregulation of IкBα and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation levels and the nuclear translocation of NF-кB p65 induced by TGEV. On the other hand, treatment of TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells with the NF-κB inhibitors (BAY11-7082) significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, ATRA treatment significantly downregulated the mRNA abundance and protein levels of TLR3, TLR7, RIG-I and MDA5, and downregulated their downstream signaling molecules TRIF, TRAF6 and MAVS mRNA expressions in TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells. However, the knockdown of RIG-I and MDA5 but not TLR3 and TLR7 significantly reduced the NF-κB p65 phosphorylation level and inflammatory cytokines levels in TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells. Our results indicated that ATRA attenuated TGEV-induced IPEC-J2 cells damage via suppressing inflammatory response, the mechanism of which is associated with the inhibition of TGEV-mediated activation of the RLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nicoletti F, Hammer L, Furtado S, Mangano K, Mathiowitz E, Green B, Auci DL. Oral Delivery of Encapsulated All-Trans Retinoic Acid Ameliorates Disease in Rodent Models of Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 28:455-465. [PMID: 34417826 PMCID: PMC8889276 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a biologically active isomer of retinoic acid (RA). Topical ATRA (retin-a, retin-a micro, atralin, renova, and avita) is the active pharmaceutical ingredient for FDA-approved treatments for acne and skin wrinkles. Oral formulations (Vesanoid) treat acute promyelocytic leukemia, but oral dosing can induce severe side effects. Despite benefits in various rodent models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), toxicity and controversial clinical observations have diminished enthusiasm for ATRA IBD clinical trials. To circumvent these issues and to use ATRA's key role in maintaining gut tolerance, we developed a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere (MS) encapsulated ATRA formulation aimed at directing ATRA delivery to immune structures of the gut, limiting systemic exposure. Initially, ATRA MS was developed as a component of a combinatorial product (TreXTAM) that also contained encapsulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and ATRA in a 1:2 w/w ratio. Although the combination was optimal, benefit was also observed when ATRA MS was given alone in the CD4+ CD25-T-cell adoptive transfer (ACT) colitis model. METHODS We used the ACT and DSS-induced murine models of colitis to expand on the dose-dependent effects of oral ATRA MS when given alone. The DSS model was also used to compare the efficacy of ATRA MS and soluble ATRA, while healthy animals were used to compare the pharmacokinetics of the two drugs. RESULTS In both the ACT and DSS-induced murine models of colitis, ATRA MS was observed to be effective in ameliorating disease. ATRA MS was also observed to be more effective than soluble ATRA in these models and displayed more favorable pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSIONS We suggest ATRA MS, as a standalone product, may attenuate IBD and perhaps limit fibrosis, while limiting systemic side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dominick L Auci
- Therapyx, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky, USA,Address correspondence to: Dominick L. Auci, PhD, Vice President, Research and Development, Therapyx, Inc., 2010 Cherokee Pkwy, Suite 2, Louisville, KY 40204, USA ()
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Durmusoglu D, Al’Abri IS, Collins SP, Cheng J, Eroglu A, Beisel CL, Crook N. In Situ Biomanufacturing of Small Molecules in the Mammalian Gut by Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1039-1052. [PMID: 33843197 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast that exhibits rapid growth at 37 °C, is easy to transform, and can produce therapeutic proteins in the gut. To establish its ability to produce small molecules encoded by multigene pathways, we measured the amount and variance in protein expression enabled by promoters, terminators, selective markers, and copy number control elements. We next demonstrated efficient (>95%) CRISPR-mediated genome editing in this strain, allowing us to probe engineered gene expression across different genomic sites. We leveraged these strategies to assemble pathways enabling a wide range of vitamin precursor (β-carotene) and drug (violacein) titers. We found that S. boulardii colonizes germ-free mice stably for over 30 days and competes for niche space with commensal microbes, exhibiting short (1-2 day) gut residence times in conventional and antibiotic-treated mice. Using these tools, we enabled β-carotene synthesis (194 μg total) in the germ-free mouse gut over 14 days, estimating that the total mass of additional β-carotene recovered in feces was 56-fold higher than the β-carotene present in the initial probiotic dose. This work quantifies heterologous small molecule production titers by S. boulardii living in the mammalian gut and provides a set of tools for modulating these titers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Durmusoglu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ibrahim S. Al’Abri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Scott P. Collins
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Junrui Cheng
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Room 3204, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Abdulkerim Eroglu
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Room 3204, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, 120 Broughton Drive, Room 351, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7622, United States
| | - Chase L. Beisel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Nathan Crook
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hammer L, Furtado S, Mathiowitz E, Auci DL. Oral encapsulated transforming growth factor β1 reduces endogenous levels: Effect on inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2020; 11:79-92. [PMID: 33251033 PMCID: PMC7667406 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v11.i5.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TreXTAM® is a combination of the key regulatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) microencapsulated for oral delivery to immune structures of the gut. It is in development as a novel treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
AIM To measure TGFβ levels in blood and tissue after oral administration of encapsulated TGFβ.
METHODS Animals were orally administered encapsulated TGFβ by gavage. Levels of drug substance in blood and in gut tissues at various times after administration were measured by ELISA.
RESULTS We made the surprising discovery that oral administration of TreXTAM dramatically (approximately 50%) and significantly (P = 0.025) reduced TGFβ levels in colon, but not small intestine or mesenteric lymph nodes. Similarly, levels in rat serum after 25 d of thrice weekly dosing with either TreXTAM, or microencapsulated TGFβ alone (denoted as TPX6001) were significantly (P < 0.01) reduced from baseline levels. When tested in the SCID mouse CD4+CD25- adoptive cell transfer (ACT) model of IBD, oral TPX6001 alone provided only a transient benefit in terms of reduced weight loss.
CONCLUSION These observations suggest a negative feedback mechanism in the gut whereby local delivery of TGFβ results in reduced local and systemic levels of the active form of TGFβ. Our findings suggest potential clinical implications for use of encapsulated TGFβ, perhaps in the context of IBD and/or other instances of fibrosis and/or pathological TGFβ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hammer
- Department of Research and Development, TherapyX, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Stacia Furtado
- Department of Research and Development, TherapyX, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Edith Mathiowitz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Dominick L Auci
- Department of Research and Development, TherapyX, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Koprivica I, Gajic D, Saksida T, Cavalli E, Auci D, Despotovic S, Pejnovic N, Stosic-Grujicic S, Nicoletti F, Stojanovic I. Orally delivered all-trans-retinoic acid- and transforming growth factor-β-loaded microparticles ameliorate type 1 diabetes in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|